115.99.41.186: /* Festivals */

2021-08-30T03:55:09Z

Festivals

New page

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Theni}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{cleanup|reason=Entire sections are only partially and badly translated into English. See: so many moovies taken by tamilnadu film industry the moovies are list out below pithamagan
|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| official_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = Agriculture lands @ Theni - panoramio.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Western Ghats viewed from Theni
| nickname =
| image_map = India Tamil Nadu districts Theni.svg
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = 9.9330° N, 77.4702° E
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 = Pandya Nadu
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = 
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 7 July 1997<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook - Theni |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3323_PART_A_DCHB_THENI.pdf |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Theni]]
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Andipatti]], [[Bodinayakanur]], [[Periyakulam]], [[Theni]], [[Uthamapalayam]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tn.gov.in/government/taluk | title=Taluks of Tamil Nadu | access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = District Collector
| leader_name1 = Mariam Pallavi Baldev, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=District Collectors of Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.tn.gov.in/collectors |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Official Website">{{cite web | url=http://www.theni.tn.nic.in/RollofHonor.asp | title=Theni District | publisher=Theni District | date=2014-12-28 | access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2868
| area_rank = 3007
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web
|title=2011 Warsaw of Poland
|date=16 April 2011
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_tamilnadu.html
|publisher= Indian government
|format=Excel}}</ref>
| population_total = 1,245,899
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_metro = 591841
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 Locational code = {space}
2F6G+5M
Languagess
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 625531
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04546
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = TN-60
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Theni]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = M-50.5%/F-49.5% [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 71.58%
| blank5_name_sec1 = Legislature type
| blank5_info_sec1 = elected
| blank6_name_sec1 = Legislature Strength
| blank6_info_sec1 = 5
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank7_info_sec1 = 
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|833.5|mm|in}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|40.5|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|15|°C|°F}}
| website = {{plainlist|
*{{URL|www.theni.nic.in/}}
*{{URL|www.theni.org/}}
}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Theni District''' is one of the 38 districts of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in India. Theni district is located beside [[Madurai district]]. The town of [[Theni]] is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions: The hilly areas are constituted by parts of the five taluk's [[Theni]], [[Bodinayakanur]], [[Periyakulam]], [[Uthamapalayam]] and [[Andipatti]] with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side and [[Cumbum valley]] which lies in [[Uthamapalayam]] taluk.<ref name=envis>{{cite web
|author= National Environmental Information System (India)
|title= Environment Profile for Theni district
|url=http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/DtProfiles/theni.pdf
|access-date= 2008-09-14
|publisher= ENVIS
|pages=1–29}}</ref> As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex ratio of 980 females for every 1,000 males.

==History==
Theni District was formed by the bifurcation from the former Madurai District as per G.O. Ms. No. 679 Revenue Department dated 7 July 1996. Bodi Ammapatti is the notable village in Theni district. Consequent to the bifurcation, one new Revenue Division with headquarters at [[Uthamapalayam]] and two new [[Tehsil|Taluks]] at Theni and [[Bodinayakanur]] were also created with effect from 1 January 1997. Theni Municipal town was only a firka headquarters until 31 December 1996. Consequent to the formation of the new District, Theni Municipal Town was upgraded as the Taluk and District headquarters on 1 January 1997.<ref name=TheniTimes>
{{cite web
|author= M. Subramani
|title= History of Theni District.
|url=http://www.thenitimes.sitesled.com/history.htm
|access-date= 2008-09-14
|publisher= thenitimes.sitesled.com
|pages=history p1/2
}}</ref>

The region covered by present-day Theni District was sparsely populated before the 1900s. In 1886 [[Mullaperiyar Dam|Mullaperiyar dam]] project bought some part of the water from [[Periyar River]] downhill to the Cumbum Valley and merged it into the [[Mullayar]] River. This project helped more people to settle down in Cumbum Valley. Also to be noted that Theni was itself was a small though lesser-known town by the 1900s. After the Mullai-Periyar merger project, many people from nearby arid regions ([[Sivakasi]], [[Kovilpatti]], [[Virudhunagar]], [[Sattur]] and several nearby towns) settled in Cumbum Valley (present day Theni District). So there was influx of people by the 1890s to 1920s. [[Bodinayakkanur|Bodi]] and [[Periyakulam]] were famous places at that time. Later Theni developed rapidly due to commerce.

==Geography==
[[File:Manjalar dam jereez.jpg|thumb|Manjalar Dam]]
[[File:Manjalaru Dam, Theni District.jpg|thumb|left|Manjalaru Dam.]]
[[File:Cumbum Valley in Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India.jpg|thumb|left|Cumbum Valley.]]
The {{convert|2889|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} district lies at the foot of the [[Western Ghats]] between 9' 39' and 10' 30' North latitude and between 77' 00' and 78' 30' of East Longitude. Central location: {{coord|10|04|N|77|45|E}}. The district is bounded by [[Dindigul District]] to the north, [[Madurai District]] to the east, [[Virudhunagar District]] to the southwest, and [[Idukki]] district of the [[Kerala]] State to the west. The district is home to Theni, [[Periyakulam]], Bodinayakanur, [[Cumbum, Tamil Nadu|Cumbum]], Uthamapalayam, Kombai, [[Gudalur (Theni district)|Gudalur]], [[Chinnamanur]], [[Kuchanur]], [[Andipatti]], [[Rasingapuram]], Thevaram, Pottipuram, Ramakrishnapuram, B. Ammapatti, Lakshmipuram, Ambasamudram, Govindanagaram, Srirengapuram, Venkadachalapuram and several other small villages like [[Gohilapuram]], [[Pathirakalipuram]], [[SukkangalPatti]], [[Kamarajapuram]], [[Sadaiyalpatti]], [[Meenatchipuram]], [[Melasindalaichery]], Pallavarayan Patti and [[Kamatchipuram]]. It is diversified by several ranges and hills. Many villages likes Sangakonampatti are depends only on agricultural incomes. A range of hills which runs parallel to Western Ghats from north to south separate it from the neighboring state of [[Kerala]].<ref name=TheniTimes1>
{{cite web
|author= M.Subramani M.A., M.Phil., P.G.D.J & M.C., D.L.L & A.L.
|title= History of Theni District.
|url= http://www.thenitimes.sitesled.com/history1.htm
|access-date= 2008-09-14
|publisher= thenitimes.sitesled.com
|pages=history p2/2
}}</ref>

===Climate===
In the plains, the temperatures range from a minimum of {{convert|13|C|lk=on}} to a maximum of {{convert|39.5|C}}. In the hills the temperatures can range from as low as {{convert|4|-|5|C}} to {{convert|25|C}}. The district is known for its salubrious climate, hills and lakes.

===Rivers and dams===
The [[Mullai Periyar River]], [[Vaigai River]], [[Kottagudi River]], [[Suruliyar River]], [[Varaganathi River]], [[Manjalar River]] Vannathi Parai and [[Varattaru River]] flow through the district. The important reservoirs in the district are [[Mullai Periyar Dam]], [[Vaigai Dam]], [[Manjalaru Dam]], [[Sothuparai Dam]], [[Sanmughanathi Dam]], [[Manalaru Dam]] and [[Melmanalaru Dam]].

==Economy==
[[File:Tamil Nadu countryside.jpg|thumb|left|Paddy fields across the backdrop of the Western Ghats]]
[[File:Coconut Trees Theni,TN,India 2015.jpg|thumb|Coconut groves in Theni District]]
Its economy is mostly agricultural. Utilisation of land area for cultivation in Theni district is 40.33%.<ref name=envis/>{{rp|29}} The principal crop production (in [[tonne]]s) in 2005-2006 was: [[sugarcane]] 1,201,221, [[cotton]] 95,360 (561 bales of 170. kg lint each), [[rice]] (paddy) 66,093, [[millet]]s and other [[cereal]]s 57,081, [[pulses]] 6,677, [[peanut|groundnut]] 4,021 and [[sesame|gingelly]] 325.<ref name=TheniProfile>
{{cite web
|date=2006–2007
|author=Collectorate staff
|title=District Profile Theni District
|url=http://www.theni.tn.nic.in/pdfs/District%20at%20a%20Glance.pdf
|access-date= 2008-09-15
|publisher= District Collectorate, Theni
|pages=1–15
}}</ref>
[[Silk]], [[Banana]], [[Coconut]], [[Tea]], [[Coffee]], [[Cardamom]], [[Grapes]] and [[Mango]]es are other main produce of the district.<ref name=TheniStatistics>{{cite web
|date=2006–2007
|author=Collectorate staff
|title=District Statistical Handbook 2006-2007 Theni District
|url=http://www.theni.tn.nic.in/pdfs/statistics.pdf
|access-date= 2008-09-15
|publisher= District Collectorate, Theni
|pages=1–47
}}</ref>
even though this place is economically good.
[[Cumbum Valley]] is a major centre for grape production with 4,000 small farmers producing over 90,000 tonnes of [[Muscat (grape)|Muscat grapes]], locally known as ''[[panneer dhrakshai]]'', and about 10,000 tonnes of [[Sultana (grape)|Thomson seedless grapes]]. The unique feature here is that the grapes are harvested throughout the year, while in most grape growing centres elsewhere the season ends with summer.
[[File:Grape cultivation in Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|Grapes Cultivation.]]

Cotton Spinning Mills and Sugar Mills are the major industries in this district. In Andipatti Taluk Handloom weaving and power looms are flourishing. In Uthamapalayam Taluk, the Highwavis Estate produces an important amount of Tea. [[Bodinayakanur]] is a major market place for cardamom, coffee, tea and [[black pepper]]. This city is also called "Cardamom City" because of the large quantity of cardamom trade in this area. It has an auction centre for cardamom.<ref name=TheniTimes1/>

The Periyar and Surliar Hydro Power Stations and the Vaigai Micro Hydro Power Station have 181 MW installed capacity and actual power generation of 494 MW in 1996 in this district.<ref name=envis/>{{rp|15}} Theni is one of the active business hubs in the western side of Tamil Nadu, inviting more industries to its locality. The district currently has 41.09 km of [[Metre gauge]] track serving 3 Railway Stations which connect to [[Madurai]].<ref name=envis/>{{rp|29}} The [[Teni Junction Railway Station]] is the most important railway station in the district.

== Forest resources ==
[[File:Meghamalai Falls, Theni District.jpg|thumb|right|Meghamalai Falls.]]

The forest area in Theni district is about 33.70%. There are 27 forest areas in the district, constituting a total area of {{convert|795.81|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of these, 19 areas fall under the [[Reserve Forest]] category with {{convert|255.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and 8 areas under Reserve Land category with {{convert|540.37|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Total area of forest under green cover classification was {{convert|806.86|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Dense forest and sparse forest are {{convert|292.81|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|22.43|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, respectively. There is no unclassed forest type in the district. About {{convert|44.65|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of artificial forest area are cultivated in the district. [[Acacia|Wattle]], [[softwood]], [[fuel wood]], [[cashew]], [[neem]], and [[tamarind]] are the main [[forest plantation]] species in the district.<ref name="envis"/> The forest area in the district is {{convert|1179.29|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which is 40.98% of the total geographical area of the district.<ref name="Forest Report 2019">{{cite book |last1=Geomatics |title=TamilNadu State of Forest Report |date=2019 |publisher=TamilNadu Forest Department |page=Table 3 |url=https://www.forests.tn.gov.in/app/webroot/img/document/publications/gotn/TFSR_2019.pdf |access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref> The [[Meghamalai|Meghamalai Wildlife sanctuary]], [[Srivilliputtur Wildlife Sanctuary|Srivilliputhur elephant reserve]], and part of Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary are situated in Theni district.

There has been no conservation of biological resources in the district. The information of wild life census in Theni district is yet to be made available.<ref name="envis"/>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex-ratio of 991 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.The district has full majority being Tamils.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 119,661 were under the age of six, constituting 61,873 males and 57,788 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 20.72% and 0.15% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 69.84%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The district had a total of 338,112 households. There were a total of 591,642 workers, comprising 36,371 cultivators, 275,585 main agricultural labourers, 12,714 in house hold industries, 205,921 other workers, 61,051 marginal workers, 1,996 marginal cultivators, 39,576 marginal agricultural labourers, 2,225 marginal workers in household industries and 17,254 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Theni district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=697986|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

At the time of the 2011 census, 79.03% of the district's population spoke [[Tamil language|Tamil]], 12.75% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and 7.86% [[Kannada]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==About Theni tourist places in Tamil ==
[[Periyakulam]], [[Theni]], [[Uthamapalayam]], [[Cumbum, Tamil Nadu|Cumbum]], and [[Bodinayakanur]] are charming towns in the district. Cascades, silver-lined clouds resting atop green hill tops, sheer rock faces and temples of antiquity distinguish these places.<ref>http://www.theni.nic.in/tourism.html</ref>

'''Places of interest'''
[[File:Vaigai Dam.jpg|thumb|Vaigai Dam]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
# [[Kolukku Malai]] (~65 km from Theni)
# [[Vaigai Dam]] (~14 km from Theni)
# [[Suruli falls]] (~5 km from Theni)
# [[Manjalar Dam]](~3 km from Theni)
# [[Meghamalai]] Hill (~5 km from Theni)
# [[Peyathevar Canal, Gudalur]] Hill (~50 km from Theni)
# [[Bodi Mettu]] Hill (~0 km from Theni)
# [[Kumbakarai Falls]] (~23 km from Theni)
# [[Sothuparai]] Dam (~2 km from Theni)
# [[Shanmuganathi Dam]] (~5 km from Theni)
# [[Chinna Suruli falls]] (~1 km from Theni)
# [[Ramakkal Mettu]](~3 km from Theni)
# [[Kurankani]] (~0 km from Theni)
# [[HighWeaves]] (~0 km from Theni)
# [[T.Rajagopalanpatty]] (~1 km from Theni)
}}
[[File:Shanmuganathi Dam.jpg|thumb|right|Shanmuganathi Dam]]

==Festivals==
[[File:Bullock cart race, SukkangalPatti.jpg|thumb|Bullock cart race held in Theni district]]
*The Karuppaswamy festival celebration at [[Anai patti|Anaipatti]].
*Arilmigu Krishnan Kovil Thiruvizha in Purattasi thingal at Lakshmipuram (Jangal Patti Panchayat).
*B.Ammapatti, Kaliamman kovil is the famous god to solve problems and has a great festival on 1 April.
*The Ramzan Peru naal Thozhuhai at Periyakulam, Uthamapalayam, Cumbum, Devadhanapatti, Gudalur, Kottur, Bodinayakanur, Chinnamanur, Batalagundu in Theni.
*The celebration of [[Gowmariyamman temple]] festival at Veerapandi and Cumbum during the month of May.
*Shri Bathirakaliyamman Chiththirai Thiruvizha Festival at Bathirakalipuram and visuvasapuram near Bodi.
*Shri Veerappa Ayyanar Festival during Chiththirai Thiruvizha at Theni-Allinagaram.
*[[Kamatchi Amman]] festival at [[Devadhanapatti]] and [[Suyambu Saneeswara Bagavan and the month of Aadi every friday celebration]] on Temple festival at [[Kuchanoor]].
*Apart from Pongal celebrations in other areas, the birthday of [[John Pennycuick (engineer)|John Pennycuick]] who built the [[Mullaperiyar Dam|MullaiPeriyar Dam]] is celebrated in Surulipatty and other places.
*Theni district is known for its celebration of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], which is considered to be one of the most important festivals of [[Tamil Nadu]]. [[Pallavarayanpatti, Ayyampatti and pudupatti|Pallavarayanpatti, Ayyampatti and Pudupatti]] is known for its ''[[Jallikattu]]'' during the Pongal festival.
*Another important festival is [[Chitra Pournima]] festival, which is celebrated at [[Sri Mangala Devi]] [[Kannagi]] temple, on the Western Ghats near [[Gudalur (Theni district)|Gudalur]] during the month of May.
*Other important festivals of the region are festivals of [[Masi Maham]] and [[Shivarathri]] which are celebrated in the Kamatchi Amman Temple during the months of February–March and kottur [[Ekadasi]].
*Christmas and New Year are celebrated in Anaimalayanpatty.
*[[Chithirai Thiruvizha]] in which Lord Aalagar enters in the [[Vaigai river]] at Ambasamudram & Govinda Nagaram.
*Pankuni Thiruvizha in Gandamanur.
*Arulmigu Pattalamman, Kaliyamman, Karuppasamy temple festival in Kattunaickenpatty
*Uppukottai Varatharaja Perumal Kovil.
*Our Lady of Snow's Church festival celebration at Royappanpatti in the month of August.
*Holy spirit church in [[Hanumanthampatti|Hanumanthanpatti]], they celebrate St. Xavier festival on 2 December every year.
*Manthaiyamman temple festival is celebrated in Gudalur(Melagudalur) of Theni district.
*Srinivasaka Perumal Kovil temple festival is celebrated in Silamalai(Bodi Taluk) of Theni district.

==Forestry==
Theni is the orchid of Tamil Nadu. It has numerous green lands like the Western Ghats stretching from [[Kodaikanal]] to [[Kumily]] via [[Periyakulam]].{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
It has many more tourist places like Kumbakarai Falls, Sothuparai Dam, Vaigai Dam, Manjalaaru Dam, Kurathi Falls, Gowmariyamman temple, kailasanaathar temple, Hanuman kovil, periya kovil here so many movies taken by Tamil Nadu film industry the movies are list out below pithamagan, avan-ivan, suntharapandiyan, veeralaksumi, varuthapadatha vaalipar sangam of sivakarthikeyan and also naan kadavul these are the long history of director bala.

==Notable people==
<small>For people from Theni town itself, see [[Theni]], these are people from the surrounding area</small>


* [[Gangai Amaran]] - music composer, singer, lyricist, writer, film director and actor, born in [[Pannaipuram]]
* [[Bala (director)|Bala]] - director, screenwriter, producer
* [[Bharathiraja]] - movie director, screenwriter, producer, actor
* [[Dhanush]] - Film actor, Director, screenwriter, lyricist, singer
* [[Ilaiyaraaja]] - music director, singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, orchestrator, conductor-arranger and lyricist
* [[Raveendranath Kumar]] - Member of parliament
* [[O. Panneerselvam]] - Former chief minister of Tamil Nadu
* [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajashekar]] - actor
* [[Selvaraghavan]] - Film director, lyricist, screenwriter
* [[Sendrayan]] - actor
* [[Vairamuthu]] - Tamil poet, lyricist, author



==See also==
*[[Kombai, Tamil Nadu]]
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://theni.nic.in/ Theni District]

{{Theni district}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theni District}}
[[Category:Theni district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Theni district - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

115.99.41.186: /* Festivals */