UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-04-24T16:29:05Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:59, 24 April 2022
Line 4:		Line 4:
	\| name = The Inner Eye		\| name = The Inner Eye
	\| image = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card).jpg		\| image = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card).jpg
	~~\| image_size = 235px~~
	~~\| border = 1px~~
	\| alt = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card)		\| alt = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card)
	\| caption = Title card of the film		\| caption = Title card of the film
Line 21:		Line 19:
	\| distributor = Films Division of India		\| distributor = Films Division of India
	\| released = {{Film date\|1972}}		\| released = {{Film date\|1972}}
	\| runtime = 20 ~~Minutes~~		\| runtime = 20 minutes
	\| country = India		\| country = India
	\| language = English		\| language = English
Line 91:		Line 89:
	[[Category:1972 films]]		[[Category:1972 films]]
	[[Category:1970s short documentary films]]		[[Category:1970s short documentary films]]
	[[Category:Documentary films about ~~visual artists~~]]		[[Category:Documentary films about painters]]
	[[Category:Documentary films about blind people]]		[[Category:Documentary films about blind people]]
	[[Category:English-language Indian films]]		[[Category:English-language Indian films]]

imported>Citation bot: Alter: isbn, title, issue. Add: date. Formatted dashes. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:1972 films | via #UCB_Category 130/1225

2021-03-26T16:08:56Z

Alter: isbn, title, issue. Add: date. Formatted dashes. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:1972 films | via #UCB_Category 130/1225

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Inner Eye
| image = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card).jpg
| image_size = 235px
| border = 1px
| alt = The Inner Eye (short film 1972, title card)
| caption = Title card of the film
| director = [[Satyajit Ray]]
| producer = [[Films Division of India]]
| writer = Satyajit Ray
| screenplay = Satyajit Ray
| based_on = Life and works of Benode Behari Mukherjee
| narrator = Satyajit Ray
| starring = [[Benode Behari Mukherjee]]
| music = Satyajit Ray
| cinematography = [[Soumendu Roy]]
| editing = [[Dulal Dutta]]
| studio =
| distributor = Films Division of India
| released = {{Film date|1972}}
| runtime = 20 Minutes
| country = India
| language = English
}}

'''''The Inner Eye''''' is a 1972 short [[documentary film]] made by [[Satyajit Ray]] on [[Benode Behari Mukherjee]], a blind artist and a teacher from [[Visva-Bharati University]], a university founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] at [[Santiniketan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://satyajitray.ucsc.edu/films/innereye.html|title=Inner Eye@satyajitray.ucsc.edu| access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> The twenty minutes documentary features the life and works of Mukherjee in the form of paintings and photographs, starring himself. The documentary covers his journey from childhood till his blindness along with much of his works and features his words, "Blindness is a new feeling, a new experience, a new state of being".<ref name="innerrayorg">{{cite web|url=http://satyajitray.org/films/innereye.htm|title=The Inner Eye@satyajitray.org|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmionline.org/film_journal/jmi_06/article_03.php|title=Early Indian Talkies: Voice, Performance and Aura|access-date=3 January 2013|author=Mukherjee, Madhuja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye|publisher=I. B. Tauris; Revised and Updated edition|author=Robinson, Andrew|author-link=W. Andrew Robinson|pages=282|isbn=1860649653|chapter=Chapter 26: Documentaries: Sikkim (1971) Sukumar Ray (1987) Bala (1976) Rabindranath Tagore (1961) The Inner Eye (1972)|date=January 1989|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnkcLvYRNfMC&pg=PA274}}</ref> The documentary was awarded as [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Information Film (Documentary)]] at [[20th National Film Awards]] in 1972.<ref name="20thaward"/>

Mukherjee is known as the most informed Indian artist of his generation and a legend of modern Asian Art.<ref name="eyeway">{{cite web|url=http://www.eyeway.org/inspires/achievers/binod-bihari-mukherjee|title=Binod Bihari Mukherjee@eyeway.org|date=8 March 2011|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Born with severe eye problem, being [[myopic]] on one eye and blind in the other, Mukherjee lost his sight completely after an unsuccessful cataract operation. However, he continued his work as an artist.

The [[Academy Film Archive]], part of the Academy Foundation, took an initiative to restore Satyajit Ray's films and could successfully restore 19 Ray films. ''The Inner Eye'' is yet to be restored but found to be in good condition for the restoration.<ref name="restore"/> The film's original script was included in a book named ''Original English Film Scripts Satyajit Ray'', put together by Ray's son [[Sandip Ray]].<ref name="rayscript"/>

==Background==

{{main|Benode Behari Mukherjee}}

Benode Behari Mukherjee was an Indian artist, born on 7 February 1904, into a well-educated family in [[Behala]], in the state of [[West Bengal]].<ref name="eyeway"/> He could not pursue normal schooling due to his poor eyesight. However, his family recognized his interest for art and literature and sent him to [[Santiniketan]] for further studies in an art faculty, [[Santiniketan#Kala Bhavan|Kala Bhavan]]. He eventually became a teaching staff member at Santiniketan in 1925. Later he joined as a curator at the Nepal Government Museum in [[Kathmandu]] and taught at the [[Banasthali Vidyapith]], [[Rajasthan]], during 1951–52. He returned to Kala Bhavan in 1958 and then became the principal of art theory. He lost his eyesight completely in an unsuccessful [[cataract]] operation. As an artist, Mukherjee worked with different media like murals, watercolor, and oils.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcuttaweb.com/people/bbm.shtml|title=Personalities-Art/Painting: Binode Behari Mukherjee|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> In his work, he used a complex fusion of idioms absorbed from Western modern art and the spirituality of oriental traditions. In 1974, he was awarded with [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] in the Republic of India. Mukherjee died on 19 November 1980, at the age of 76.<ref name="eyeway"/>

==Synopsis==

The documentary begins by showcasing a process by which a wall, {{convert|5|ft}} high by {{convert|60|ft}} wide, of a newly developed building in [[Santiniketan]] would be decorated by 20 [[mural]]s designed by Benode Behari Mukherjee. While the narrator ([[Satyajit Ray]]) describes Mukherjee's family, Mukherjee himself explains the process of mural making and how he spends most of his time alone in Santiniketan with his favourite drink, [[tea]]. Mukherjee, the youngest child of his family among six children, is shown spending his initial days as a student in Santiniketan with his drawings and paintings. He was a student of [[Nandalal Bose]], another acclaimed painter from Santiniketan. The film mentions Bose's influence of Mukherjee's initial work with his own "striking" originality.

The film then features Mukherjee's journey to Japan where he learned from noted Japanese artists, including [[Tawaraya Sōtatsu]] and [[Toba Sōjō]]. It shows Mukherjee's first [[fresco]] on the ceiling of the new dormitory of [[Santiniketan#Kala Bhavan|Kala Bhavan]], executed using earth colours to display a pond surrounded by rural life around Santiniketan. The documentary also shows another fresco drawn at [[Santiniketan#China Bhavana|China Bhavana]] which displays life at the Santiniketan campus. Mukherjee himself then explains another fresco done at the Hindu Bhavana in Santiniketan covering three walls of the central hall, which displays religious themes of [[Medieval India]] and its uniqueness of not having any preliminary tracing.

Covering Mukherjee's tenure at the National Museum of Kathmandu and his Nepalese frescoes at [[Banasthali Vidyapith]], [[Rajasthan]], the film also highlights his own school at [[Dehradun]]. It describes Mukherjee's failed cataract operation which led him to lose his eyesight completely. It finally shows the now-blind Mukherjee painting some of his works. The film ends with Mukherjee's own words, "Blindness is a new feeling, a new experience, a new state of being". A [[sitar]] composition by [[Nikhil Banerjee]] plays in the background, composed in the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] morning [[raga]] [[Asavari]], indicating optimism.

==Credits==

===Cast===

* [[Benode Behari Mukherjee]] as himself

===Crew===
* Narration: [[Satyajit Ray]]
* Cinematography: [[Soumendu Roy]]
* Sound recording: J. D. Irani and Durgadas Mitra
* Editor: [[Dulal Dutta]]
* [[Film laboratory|Laboratory Processing]]: Gemini Color Lab, [[Madras]] and [[Eastmancolor]]

===Music===
* Music: Satyajit Ray
* Sitar composition: [[Nikhil Banerjee]]

==Restoration==

After the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] awarded Satyajit Ray an [[Academy Honorary Award|honorary Academy Award]] in 1992 for his lifetime achievements,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/64th.html|title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992)|publisher=oscars.org|date=30 March 1992|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> the [[Academy Film Archive]], part of the Academy Foundation, which mainly works with objectives as "preservation, restoration, documentation, exhibition and study of motion pictures" took an initiative to restore and preserve Ray's films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/filmarchive/about/index.html|title=About the Academy Film Archive|publisher=oscars.org|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> Josef Lindner was appointed as a preservation officer and {{as of|October 2010|lc=yes}} the Academy could successfully restore 19 Ray titles. ''The Inner Eye'', shot with 35mm [[interpositive]], was found to be in good condition. The film was then partially repaired with [[mylar]] and its Eastmancolor negative had tears at notches.<ref name="restore">{{cite web|url=http://www.satyajitrayworld.com/raysociety_restoration.php|title=Saving a legacy|access-date=1 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210012733/http://www.satyajitrayworld.com/raysociety_restoration.php|archive-date=10 February 2013}}</ref>

==In media==

At "Ray Festival 2009", Satyajit Ray Society screened ''The Inner Eye'' along with other three Ray documentaries, namely ''[[Two (1964 film)|Two]]'', ''[[Rabindranath Tagore (film)|Rabindranath Tagore]]'' and ''[[Sukumar Ray (film)|Sukumar Ray]]'' on 7 May 2009.<ref name="raynews">{{cite web|url=http://www.satyajitrayworld.com/news.php|title=News: Film, Music and Exhibition@satyajitrayworld.com|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> The film's original script was included in a book named ''Original English Film Scripts Satyajit Ray'', put together by Ray's son [[Sandip Ray]] along with an ex-CEO of Ray Society, Aditinath Sarkar. The book also includes original scripts of Ray's other films.<ref name="rayscript">{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-09/news/29400615_1_satyajit-ray-ray-society-sandip-ray|title=Satyajit Ray: Saluting the auteur|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=9 April 2011|access-date=1 January 2013|author=Nag, Ashoke}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Original English Film Scripts Satyajit Ray|publisher=DC Publishers|author=Ray, Satyajit|year=2011|pages=216|isbn=978-8180280016}}</ref>

==Awards==

;[[National Film Awards]] ([[India]])
* [[20th National Film Awards]] (1972): [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Information Film (Documentary)]]<ref name="20thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|title=20th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220349/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0068741}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|url=http://widescreenjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/122/175|title=Revisiting Realism Through Satyajit Ray's The Inner Eye|author=Sengupta, Anindya|journal=Wide Screen|date=December 2012|volume=4|issue=1757–3920|pages=19}}

{{Satyajit Ray}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inner Eye, The}}
[[Category:Films directed by Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1970s short documentary films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about visual artists]]
[[Category:Documentary films about blind people]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]

The Inner Eye - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Citation bot: Alter: isbn, title, issue. Add: date. Formatted dashes. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:1972 films | via #UCB_Category 130/1225