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{{Distinguish|Fortnight (magazine)|Fortnight}}
{{Other uses|Fortnight (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|British fortnightly magazine}}
{{italic title}}
'''''The Fortnightly Review''''' was one of the most prominent and influential magazines in nineteenth-century [[England]]. It was founded in 1865 by [[Anthony Trollope]], [[Frederic Harrison]], [[Edward Spencer Beesly]], and six others with an investment of £9,000; the first edition appeared on 15 May 1865.<ref>Turner 2000: 74.</ref> [[George Henry Lewes]], the partner of [[George Eliot]], was its first editor, followed by [[John Morley]].

The print magazine ceased publication in 1954.

An online "new series" started to appear in 2009.

==History==
[[File:Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1st ed, 1867, title page).jpg|thumb|The title page of [[Walter Bagehot]]'s ''[[The English Constitution]]'' (1st ed., 1867).<ref>{{citation|author=Walter Bagehot|author-link=Walter Bagehot|title=[[:File:Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1st ed, 1867).pdf|The English Constitution]]|edition=1st|location=London|publisher=[[Chapman & Hall]]|year=1867|oclc=60724184}}.</ref> As the subtitle indicates, the book was a collection of essays which were first published in ''The Fortnightly Review'' between 15 May 1865 and 1 January 1867.]]

''The Fortnightly Review'' aimed to offer a platform for a range of ideas, in reaction to the highly partisan journalism of its day. Indeed, in announcing the first issue of the ''Fortnightly'' in the ''Saturday Review'' of 13 May 1865, [[G. H. Lewes]] wrote, "The object of ''THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW'' is to become the organ of the unbiassed expression of many and various minds on topics of general interest in Politics, Literature, Philosophy, Science, and Art." But by the time Lewes left due to ill health and was replaced by 28-year-old [[John Morley]], the ''Fortnightly'' had become known as a partisan and Liberal magazine.<ref>Turner 2000: 76.</ref> It was one of the first publications to name the authors of its articles at a time when work usually appeared anonymously or under a pseudonym. As might be expected from its name, it appeared every two weeks during its first year, at 2 shillings a copy, but was published monthly thereafter. [[John Sutherland (author)|John Sutherland]] called it an English ''[[Revue des Deux Mondes]]'' and noted that it was "pitched at a higher level than other English journals of its class".<ref>John Sutherland. ''The Stanford/Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction''.</ref>

The ''Fortnightly'' prospered under [[John Morley]], its sales increasing to 2,500 by 1872. Morley, a liberal, published articles favouring reform in academia, work place relations, female emancipation and religion. A host of famous and soon-to-be-famous literary figures were featured in its pages, with three novels by [[Anthony Trollope]] and two by [[George Meredith]] appearing in serial form. The first novel serialised in the magazine was Trollope's ''[[The Belton Estate]]'', from 15 May 1865 to 1 January 1866.<ref>[http://www.jimandellen.org/trollope/beltonestate.introduction.html Trollope's ''The Belton Estate''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416085711/http://www.jimandellen.org/trollope/beltonestate.introduction.html |date=2007-04-16 }} in the ''Fortnightly Review''.</ref> Trollope's ''[[The Eustace Diamonds]]'' and his radical novel [[Lady Anna (novel)|''Lady Anna'']] also made their first appearance there. The ''Fortnightly'' also published the poetry of [[Algernon Charles Swinburne]], [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], and [[William Morris]].

Morley fell out of favour with the more conservative publishers of the journal and was replaced by [[T. H. S. Escott]] in 1882. The new editor published political articles from across the spectrum in a return to the ''Review''{{'}}s original intention. Ill health forced him to relinquish the reins in 1886 when [[Frank Harris]] took over for eight successful years. Houghton reports that "almost every distinguished English writer and critic of the day was among his contributors". Harris' liberal views led to his replacement as editor in 1894 by the long serving [[William Leonard Courtney|W. L. Courtney]] (1894–1928), who featured work from some of the giants of early 20th century literature, including [[James Joyce]], [[W. B. Yeats]], and [[Ezra Pound]]. In addition to literature and politics, the magazine also published several articles on science, notably [[astronomy]], animal behaviour and topical issues of instinct and morality, including women's rights items by [[Virginia Mary Crawford|Virginia Crawford.]]

[[Oscar Wilde]]'s aphoristic preface to ''[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]'' was published in the March 1891 issue; and [[George Orwell]]'s essay "[[Bookshop Memories]]" appeared in November 1936.<ref name="An Age Like This">Orwell, Sonia and Angus, Ian (eds.). ''The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1: An Age Like This (1920–1940)'' (Penguin).</ref>

''The Fortnightly Review'' also published several ghost stories by [[Oliver Onions]].<ref>[[Mike Ashley (writer)|Mike Ashley]] and William Contento, ''The Supernatural Index: A Listing of Fantasy, Supernatural, Occult, Weird, and Horror Anthologies''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. {{ISBN|0313240302}} (p. 134).</ref>

The print magazine changed its name to ''The Fortnightly''. It ceased publication in 1954 and was absorbed by the ''[[Contemporary Review]]'' in 1956.

===Online series===
In 2009 a group of British and American scholars and writers, including philosopher [[Anthony O'Hear]], OBE, director of the [[Royal Institute of Philosophy]], began publication of a "new series" online at [http://fortnightlyreview.co.uk fortnightlyreview.co.uk],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fortnightlyreview.co.uk/ |title=''The Fortnightly Review''. |access-date=2010-02-27 |archive-date=2010-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223101928/http://fortnightlyreview.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the aim of extending Lewes's original editorial ambitions to modern politics, literature, philosophy, science, and art. New articles are sometimes juxtaposed with significant archival material and scholars are given assistance in research that involves the ''Fortnightly Review''.

In partnership with the [[University of Kansas]], where Harris once attended, the ''Fortnightly'' publishes the winning essay of the Trollope Prize and a series of books and monographs under its "Odd Volumes" imprint. The current editors are Prof. [[Alan Macfarlane]], FBA ([[King's College, Cambridge]]), and [[Denis Boyles]], PhD (CAMRI, [[University of Westminster]]).

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite conference|book-title=Journalism, Literature and Modernity: From Hazlitt to Modernism|editor=Kate Campbell|last=Turner|first=Mark|title=Hybrid Journalism: Women and the progressive Fortnightly|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|date=2000|isbn=0748621024|pages=72–90}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Everett |first=Edwin Mallard |orig-year=1939 |year=1971 |title=The Party of Humanity: The Fortnightly Review and Its Contributors, 1865–1874 |isbn=0846215381 |publisher=Russell and Russell}}
* Houghton, Walter, ed. "''The Fortnightly Review''{{-"}}. ''The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824–1900. Vol. 2''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966. pp. 173–183.
* Sullivan, Alvin, ed. "''The Fortnightly Review''{{-"}}. ''British Literary Magazines, Vol. 3''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983–. pp. 131–135.

==External links==
* [https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=fortrevtrollope The Fortnightly Review] index from [[The Online Books Page]]
* [http://www.fortnightlyreview.co.uk ''The Fortnightly Review''] (New Series)
* [http://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/ap4.f7.raw.html Rossetti Archive] of selected volumes.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014030/http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/luceneweb/hri3/display.jsp?mode=sciper&file=RR1-8.html&reveal=issue_RR1-8-2 Abstract of Science articles]

{{Anthony Trollope|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fortnightly Review}}
[[Category:1865 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct political magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1865]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1954]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 2009]]
[[Category:Online literary magazines]]
[[Category:Online magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Online magazines with defunct print editions]]

The Fortnightly Review - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article