->BrownHairedGirl: removed Category:1976 establishments in India; added Category:1976 establishments in Kerala using HotCat

2021-03-14T01:02:55Z

removed Category:1976 establishments in India; added Category:1976 establishments in Kerala using HotCat

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Thanneermukkom Bund
| name_official =
| image = Thanneermukkom Bund.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption = View of the Thanneermukkom Bund from the south west adjacent to the lake
| image_alt =
| location_map = India#India Kerala
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|9.675|76.398|type:landmark_region:IN-KL|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Kuttanad]], [[Kerala]]
| status =
}}

The '''Thanneermukkom Bund''' (Thannermukkom Salt Water Barrier) was constructed as a part of the [[Kuttanad]] Development Scheme to prevent tidal action and intrusion of salt water into the Kuttanad low-lands across [[Vembanad]] Lake between Thannermukkom on west and Vechur on east. Thanneermukkom Bund was constructed in 1974 and is functional since 1976. It is the largest mud regulator in India. This barrier essentially divides the lake into two parts - one with brackish water perennially and the other half with fresh water fed by the rivers draining into the lake.

==Geography==
The bund is in [[Kuttanad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]], located at {{coord|9|40|21|N|76|23|49|E}}. The barrier has divided the Vembanad lake into two parts converting the upstream part in to a fresh water [[coastal reservoir]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Efficacy of coastal reservoirs to address India’s water shortage by impounding excess river flood waters near the coast (page 49)|url=http://ojs.udspub.com/index.php/jsupp/issue/viewIssue/51/4|access-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234122/http://ojs.udspub.com/index.php/jsupp/issue/viewIssue/51/4|archive-date=26 July 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=International Association for Coastal Reservoir Research|url=http://iacrr.org/publications|access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> It is presently the only one coastal reservoir in India.

==Location==
It has been built across Lake Vembanad. It connects [[Vechoor]] of Vaikom taluk of Kottayam district and [[Thanneermukkom]] of Cherthala taluk Alappuzha district. It can be reached by road, from Kottayam town, Alappuzha or [[Cherthala]]. Frequent bus services are available from all the places mentioned.

==Environmental Impact==

[[File:View of Pathiramanal Island.jpg|left|thumb|200px|View of [[Pathiramanal|Pathiramanal Island]] from Thanneermukkom Bund]]This barrier has helped the farmers in [[Kuttanad]] - where farming occurs below sea level. It has however also created ecological problems, primarily, the rampant propagation of the [[Water Hyacinth]] in fresh water. The backwaters which were abundant with fish and part of the staple food of the people of the region require a small amount of salt water for their breeding. The salt water barrier has caused deterioration of the catch of fish in the region and the fishermen are opposed to the bund as of 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/reportsdouments/ria_ksrec.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-02-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907122641/http://kerala.gov.in/reportsdouments/ria_ksrec.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-07 }} Study undertaken by Kerala Government Pg 8, Item 24</ref>

The salt water barrier has also disrupted the harmony of the sea with the backwaters and has caused problems not foreseen before the salt water barrier like the omnipresence of the water weeds. Earlier the salt water tends to cleanse the backwaters but this does not happen any more leading to the pollution of the backwaters and the entire land nearby.

The shutters are opened during [[monsoon]] to pass the flood waters and are closed later for six months approximately.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.envicenter.com/iwa2008/web/document/abstract/oral/25th/01_078.pdf Study on the Environmental Impact]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}

{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Dams in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Bridges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Transport in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Transport in Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kottayam district]]

{{alappuzha-geo-stub}}

Thanneermukkom Bund - Revision history

->BrownHairedGirl: removed Category:1976 establishments in India; added Category:1976 establishments in Kerala using HotCat