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{{Short description|Hindu group of temples}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Thanjai Mamani Koil
| image = {{multiple image
|border=infobox
|image_style=border:1;
|total_width=280
|perrow=1/2
|image1 = Manikundra Perumal temple, Thanjavur (7).jpg
|image2 = Neelamegha Perumal temple (7).jpg
|image3 = Veeranarasimha Perumal temple (1) 07.jpg
}}

| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8157|N|79.1386|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| location =
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Vishnu|Neelamegha Perumal]], [[Vishnu|Manikunraperumal]], [[Vishnu|Narasimhar]]; [[Lakshmi|Sengamalavalli]], [[Lakshmi|Ambujavalli]], [[Lakshmi|Thanjai Nayagi]]
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 3
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Thanjai Mamani Koil''', '''Thirutanjai''', or '''Thanjavur Perumal Temple''' is a set of three adjacent [[Hindu]] temples dedicated to [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]] located in [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is one of the ''[[Divya Desams]]'', the 108 temples of [[Vishnu]] revered by the 12 poet saints called the [[Alwars|Alvars]].<ref>''Hindu Pilgrimage: A Journey Through the Holy Places of Hindus All Over India''. Sunita Pant Bansal.</ref> Unlike other ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]s'' where a single shrine is referenced, this set of temples is referred together in all the ''pasurams'' (sacred hymns).

The temples are believed to be of significant antiquity with contributions at different times from [[Medieval Cholas]], the [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara Empire]], and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. The temples are enshrined within granite walls and the three complex contains all the shrines of the temple.

Vishnu is regarded by adherents to have assumed the form of [[Varaha]] the boar to kill three demons named Tanchakan, Tantakan, and Kacamukan. The temples have three daily rituals at various times from 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The Brhamotsavam festival is the most prominent festival of the temples, celebrated during the three continuous months of [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'', ''Chittirai'' and ''Vaikasi''. The 18 Garuda seva during ''Vaikasi'' is another prominent festival in the region. The temples are maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] along with Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam.

==Legend==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 5148 | height1 = 3456
| width2 = 4430 | height2 = 3160
| width3 = 5033 | height3 = 3355
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Manikundra Perumal temple, Thanjavur (4).jpg
|image2=Neelamegha Perumal temple (5).jpg
|image3=Veeranarasimha Perumal temple (1) 02.jpg
|footer=Manikundra Perumal, Neelamegha Perumal temple, Veera Narasimha Perumal temple
}}

The temple finds its sacred origin in a legend from the ''[[Brahmanda Purana]]''. During the [[Treta Yuga]], there were three demons by name Tanchakan, Tantakan, and Kacamukan who were blessed by [[Shiva]] and became very powerful. They grew arrogant and troubled sage [[Parashara]] who was doing penance at this place. Vishnu killed Thanjakan with his discus, called the [[Sudarshana Chakra]]. Tancakan pleaded with Vishnu to relieve him off the curse, and Vishnu named the place after his name, and hence it came to be named as ''Thanjavur''. Kachamukan was killed by Vishnu taking the form of a ''[[Yali (mythology)|Yali]]'', a mythical creature. Vishnu took the form of [[Varaha]] the boar to kill the third demon Tantakan, who fled to [[Srimushnam]].<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=500–1}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The temples are located in the banks of [[Vennaaru River]]. Manikunram has a small east facing shrine with the Lord and consort in the same sanctum. All of the [[Nammalvar]] ''pasurams'' (poems) of Thanjai refer to this shrine. Maamanikoil has a small east facing shrine with the Manikundra perumal and consort in the same sanctum sported in seated posture. The shrine is located in an elevated structure. All of the [[Thirumangai Alvar]]'s ''pasurams'' (poems) of Thanjai refer to this shrine. There is a separate shrine for Ambujavalli. The waterbody associated with the temples is called Rama Theertham.<ref name=HR/>

Neelamegha Perumal temple has a three-tiered rajagopuram and the sanctum faces east. The presiding deity Neelamegha perumal is sported in ''veetrirunda'' posture. There is a separate shrine of Sengamalli Thayar. The water body of the temple is called Amrutha Theertham. The precinct around the sanctum has images of Hayagreeva, Vedanta Desikar, Alvars and Garuda.<ref name=HR/>

Thanjiyali Nagar also called Veera Narasimha Perumal has a small east facing shrine with the main deity and his consort in the same sanctum. All of the [[Bhoothathalvar]] ''pasurams'' (poems) of Thanjai refer to this shrine. The temple has a flat entrance tower and a single precinct. Veera Narasimha Perumal is sculpted in a seated posture giving darshan to sage Markandeya. The shrine over the sanctum is called Vedasundara Vimana and the water body associated with it is called Surya Pushkarani.<ref name=HR>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil Vazhikatti|url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/ajax/hppdf_view.php|pages=55–6|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

The temples are maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] along with Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam.<ref name=HR/><ref>{{cite book|title=Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha Kings|publisher=Notion Press|first=Prince Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje |last=Bhosle|date=20 December 2017|page=485|isbn=9781948230957}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam|publisher=Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department|url=http://thanjavurpalacedevasthanam.tnhrce.in/|date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

==Festivals and religious practices==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 5184 | height1 = 3456
| width2 = 4937| height2 = 3291
| width3 = 4019 | height3 = 3304
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Manikundra Perumal temple, Thanjavur (3).jpg
|image2=Neelamegha Perumal temple (4).jpg
|image3=Veeranarasimha Perumal temple (1) 12.jpg
|footer=Manikundra Perumal, Neelamegha Perumal temple, Veera Narasimha Perumal temple
}}
This temple follows the [[Vadakalai]] tradition of srivaishnavism exclusively.
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, the [[Iyengar|Iyengars]]. The temple rituals are performed three times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7:30 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m. and ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Perumal and Thayar. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The temples have Brahmotsavam (major festivals) in three subsequent months namely ''Panguni'', ''Chittirai'' and ''Vaikasi''. The Garuda Sevai function during the Tamil month of ''Vaikasi'' has assembly of 18 Garuda festive deities from 18 different temples.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Thanjai Maamani temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/new.php?id=351|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Colourful 'Garuda sevai' festival in Thanjavur|last=G.|first=Srinivasan|date=9 June 2015|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150609/nation-current-affairs/article/colourful-%E2%80%98garuda-sevai%E2%80%99-festival-thanjavur|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

The temples are revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]] and [[Bhoothathalvar]] in one hymn each. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==External links==
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur]]

Thanjai Mamani Koil - Revision history

Sachin Soni: created basic pg added tags!