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{{short description|Social Muslim group in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

The '''thangals''' are a social group{{ref|a}} among the Muslims of [[Kerala]], south India ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]-[[Shafi'i]]).<ref name="KunhaliV">Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986) [http://ir.amu.ac.in/2736/1/T%205242.pdf]</ref> The thangals are often regarded as roughly equivalent to the more general [[Sayyid|Sayyids]]/[[Sharif|Sharifs]] (descendants of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]) of the wider Islamic culture.<ref name=":0">Miller, Roland E., ''Mappila Muslim Culture''. New York, State University of New York Press, 2015. pp. 268-271.</ref><ref name="Thangals all set to test popularity in Malappuram">{{Cite web|last=Meethal|first=Amiya|date=2016-04-25|title=Thangals All Set to Test Popularity in Malappuram|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/250416/thangals-all-set-to-test-popularity-in-malappuram.html|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> They claim themselves to be the direct descendants of Muhammad. Most members of the community practices [[endogamy]] and rarely marry outside from their community.<ref name="rick or treat? Muslim Thangals, psychologisation and pragmatic realism in Northern Kerala, India">{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Claudia|date=2014-12-01|title=Muslim Thangals, Psychologisation and Pragmatic Realism in Northern Kerala, India|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461514525221|website=Transcultural Psychiatry|pages=904–923|language=en|doi=10.1177/1363461514525221}}</ref><ref name="Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798">Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986) [http://ir.amu.ac.in/2736/1/T%205242.pdf]</ref>

The thangal families are numerous in [[Kerala]], all receive recognition, but only a few are regarded as saints.<ref name=":0" /> The thangal tag brings much 'reverence and attention' in the Kerala Muslim community.<ref name="Caste system exists among Muslims though not overtly">{{Cite web |title=Caste system exists among Muslims though not overtly |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/sep/01/caste-system-exists-among-muslims-though-not-overtly-2027243.html |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Some people take advice from them on crucial matters.<ref name="Thangals all set to test popularity in Malappuram" /> There are many thangals in Kerala who 'treat' people for illness and to ward off 'evils'.<ref name="Thangals all set to test popularity in Malappuram" />

Thangal families have many gradations of status on social and economic scale. Influential of the thangals generally come from prominent business families. They usually exercise their influence through commerce and politics.<ref name=":0" />

== Major thangal families in north Kerala ==
[[File:Shihab Thangal in July 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal]] (1936 - 2009)]]

* Tharamal family ([[Mambaram, Malappuram|Mambram]])<ref name="Mappila Muslim Culture">Miller, Roland E., ''Mappila Muslim Culture''. New York, State University of New York Press, 2015. pp. 268-271.</ref><ref name="Mappila in The Encyclopedia of Islam">Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987 pp. 458-56.</ref>
** Sayyid Jifri Thangal (mid-1700s)
** Hassan Jifri Thangal (mid-1700s)
** Syed Alavi Thangal (1749 - 1843)<ref name="Mappila in The Encyclopedia of Islam" />
** Syed Fazl Thangal

* [[Pukkoya family of Panakkad|Pukkoya family]] ([[Panakkad]]-Kodappanakkal)<ref name="Mappila Muslim Culture" />
** Sayyid Ali Thangal
** Sayyid Husain ibn Muhlar (1812-1882)
** [[P. M. S. A. Pukkoya Thangal]] (d. 1975)
**[[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal|Shihab Thangal]] (1936 - 2009)
**[[Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal|Hyderali Shihab Thangal]] (born 1947)
**

* [[Kondotty|Kondotty Thangal]] family<ref name="Mappila Muslim Culture" />
** Muhammad Shah Thangal<ref name="Mappila in The Encyclopedia of Islam" />

* Bafaki Thangal family ([[Kozhikode|Calicut]])<ref name="Mappila Muslim Culture" />
**[[Abdur Rahman Bafaqi Thangal|Syed Bafaki Thangal]] (d. 1973)

* Bukhaari Thangal ([[Kochi|Cochin]])<ref name="Mappila Muslim Culture" />
**Sayyid Ahmad Jalaluddin Bukhaari Valapattanam (d. 1569)
**Sayyid Ismail Bukhaari Chembittapally Kochi
**Sayyid Maulal Bukhari Kannur
**Sayyid P S Pookoya Bukhari Kochi (d. 1974)

== Notes ==

: 1.{{note|a}}Only some scholars consider the thangals as a 'community' among the Muslims of [[Kerala]].<ref name="KunhaliV" />
:2. This article is about the Thangal group practising Islam. Another Thangal group exists in Kerala [[Nambudiri|namboothiri]] group, both of which may have shared a common ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Classification of Original Namboothiris in Kerala|url=https://www.namboothiri.com/articles/classification.htm|access-date=2020-11-28|website=www.namboothiri.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |date=2011-06-04 |title=The Thangals And Way Of The Other Muslims |url=http://www.asimrafiqui.com/blog/2011/06/04/the-idea-of-india-project-update-the-thangals-and-way-of-the-other-muslims/ |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=The Idea of India |language=en-US}}
* {{Cite web |last=Ameerudheen |first=T. A. |title=Big deal: Merger of two factions of a Muslim group could realign political forces in Kerala |url=https://scroll.in/article/865455/big-deal-merger-of-two-factions-of-a-muslim-group-could-realign-political-forces-in-kerala |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |last=Kunhali, V.|title=Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798 (1986)|url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/2736/1/T%205242.pdf |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=Aligarh Muslim University}}
* {{Cite web |last=Claudia Lang |title=Muslim Thangals, Psychologisation and Pragmatic Realism in Northern Kerala, India |url=https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59122/1/1363461514525221.pdf |website=SAGE |publisher=Transcultural Psychiatry 2014, Vol. 51(6) |pages=904–923}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
{{Indian Muslim}}
{{Islam in Kerala}}
[[Category:Muslim communities of Kerala]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Islamic honorifics]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]
[[Category:Islam in Kerala]]

Thangal - Revision history

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