Terence Keyes - Revision history

SnehAnchliya: updated section further and cleaned formatting

2026-01-29T19:15:10Z

updated section further and cleaned formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 30 January 2026
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	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Sir Terence Keyes		\|honorific_prefix = [[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)\|Brigadier-General]]
			\|name = Sir Terence Keyes
			\|honorific_suffix = {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|KCIE\|CSI\|CMG\|FRGS\|FZS}}
	\|image=		\|image=
	\|image_size=		\|image_size=
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	\|placeofburial=		\|placeofburial=
	\|allegiance= United Kingdom		\|allegiance= United Kingdom
	\|branch= [[British Indian Army]]		\|branch= [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]]
	\|serviceyears= 1897–1932		\|serviceyears= 1897–1932
	\|rank= [[Brigadier-General]]		\|rank= [[Brigadier-General]]
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	}}		}}
	[[Brigadier-General]] '''Sir Terence Humphrey Keyes''', {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|KCIE\|CSI\|CMG\|FRGS\|FZS}} (28 May 1877 – 26 February 1939) was an officer in the [[British Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Political Service]].<ref>''[[Who Was Who]]''</ref><ref name=Times>Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 28 February 1939</ref>		[[Brigadier-General]] '''Sir Terence Humphrey Keyes''', {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|KCIE\|CSI\|CMG\|FRGS\|FZS}} (28 May 1877 – 26 February 1939) was a British officer in the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Political Service]].<ref>''[[Who Was Who]]''</ref><ref name=Times>Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 28 February 1939</ref>

	==Early life and family==		==Early life and family==
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	Keyes served in the [[Tirah Campaign\|Tirah Expedition]] in 1897–1898, attached to the 2nd Battalion, [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]], where he was slightly wounded in the hand by a splinter and hit by a spent bullet in the chest at the [[Battle of Chagru Kotal]] on 18 October 1897.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=26943 \|date=1 March 1898\|page=1266}}</ref> He was [[mentioned in despatches]] for these operations,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=26943 \|date=1 March 1898\|page=1262}}</ref> and promoted [[lieutenant]] in April 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27100 \|date=18 July 1899\|page=4446}}</ref> In 1900 he served with troops helping to relieve the famine in the [[Central Provinces]].		Keyes served in the [[Tirah Campaign\|Tirah Expedition]] in 1897–1898, attached to the 2nd Battalion, [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]], where he was slightly wounded in the hand by a splinter and hit by a spent bullet in the chest at the [[Battle of Chagru Kotal]] on 18 October 1897.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=26943 \|date=1 March 1898\|page=1266}}</ref> He was [[mentioned in despatches]] for these operations,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=26943 \|date=1 March 1898\|page=1262}}</ref> and promoted [[lieutenant]] in April 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27100 \|date=18 July 1899\|page=4446}}</ref> In 1900 he served with troops helping to relieve the famine in the [[Central Provinces]].

	In October 1904 he received his first political post when he was appointed [[vice-consul]] in [[Seistan]] and [[Qaen\|Kain]] in [[Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27734 \|date=11 November 1904\|page=7262}}</ref> He was promoted [[Captain (OF-2)\|captain]] in January 1906,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27900 \|date=3 April 1906\|page=2336}}</ref> and in February he became [[consul (representative)\|consul]] in [[Turbat-i-Haidari]] and [[Kariz, Razavi Khorasan\|Karez]], also in Persia.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27891 \|date=2 March 1906\|page=1514}}</ref> He served in the [[Baluchistan Campaign]] in 1908 and in 1914 was appointed [[Political Resident\|political agent]] in [[Bahrain]]. Promoted [[major]] in 1915, he served in the [[Mesopotamian campaign]] during the [[First World War]]. In 1916 he headed the [[Mekran]] Mission, for which he was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] in June 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30111 \|date=1 June 1917\|page=5462\|supp=y}}</ref> In 1917 he was attached to the Russian army in Romania, was promoted temporary [[lieutenant colonel]] in January 1918,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30506 \|date=1 February 1918\|page=1593\|supp=y}}</ref> and [[brevet (military)\|brevet]] lieutenant colonel in June.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30883 \|date=3 September 1918\|page=10498\|supp=y}}</ref> For the next two years he served on "special duty" in Russia during the [[Russian Revolution\|revolution]]. He served in the [[Russian Civil War]] in 1919–1920, serving as [[Brigadier General]] [[General Staff]] South Russia and [[Army of the Black Sea]] from December 1919 to June 1920,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31878 \|date=23 April 1920\|page=4817\|supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32124 \|date=12 November 1920\|page=11080\|supp=y}}</ref> and being mentioned in despatches three times and appointed a [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] in November 1919.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31764 \|date=30 January 1920\|page=1378\|supp=y}}</ref> From 1919 to 1920 he served as deputy [[high commissioner]] and acting high commissioner in South Russia. For his war service he also received several foreign orders: Officer of the [[Order of the Crown of Romania]] with Swords,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31736 \|date=13 January 1920\|page=706\|supp=y}}</ref> [[Order of St Anna]] 1st Class, [[Order of St Stanislaus]] 1st Class, and [[Order of St Vladimir]] with Swords 4th Class, all Russian.		In October 1904, he received his first political post when he was appointed [[vice-consul]] in [[Seistan]] and [[Qaen\|Kain]] in [[Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27734 \|date=11 November 1904\|page=7262}}</ref> He was promoted [[Captain (OF-2)\|captain]] in January 1906,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27900 \|date=3 April 1906\|page=2336}}</ref> and in February he became [[consul (representative)\|consul]] in [[Turbat-i-Haidari]] and [[Kariz, Razavi Khorasan\|Karez]], also in Persia.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=27891 \|date=2 March 1906\|page=1514}}</ref> He served in the [[Baluchistan Campaign]] in 1908 and in 1914 was appointed [[Political Resident\|political agent]] in [[Bahrain]]. Promoted [[Major (rank)\|major]] in 1915, he served in the [[Mesopotamian campaign]] during the [[First World War]]. In 1916, he headed the [[Mekran]] Mission, for which he was appointed [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in June 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30111 \|date=1 June 1917\|page=5462\|supp=y}}</ref> In 1917 he was attached to the Russian army in Romania, was promoted temporary [[lieutenant-colonel]] in January 1918,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30506 \|date=1 February 1918\|page=1593\|supp=y}}</ref> and [[brevet (military)\|brevet]] lieutenant-colonel in June.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30883 \|date=3 September 1918\|page=10498\|supp=y}}</ref> For the next two years, he served on "special duty" in Russia during the [[Russian Revolution\|revolution]]. He served in the [[Russian Civil War]] in 1919–1920, serving as [[Brigadier-General]] [[General Staff]] South Russia and [[Army of the Black Sea]] from December 1919 to June 1920,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31878 \|date=23 April 1920\|page=4817\|supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32124 \|date=12 November 1920\|page=11080\|supp=y}}</ref> and being mentioned in despatches three times and appointed [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) in November 1919.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31764 \|date=30 January 1920\|page=1378\|supp=y}}</ref> From 1919 to 1920, he served as deputy [[high commissioner]] and acting high commissioner in South Russia. For his war service he also received several foreign orders: Officer of the [[Order of the Crown of Romania]] with Swords,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31736 \|date=13 January 1920\|page=706\|supp=y}}</ref> [[Order of St Anna]] 1st Class, [[Order of St Stanislaus]] 1st Class, and [[Order of St Vladimir]] with Swords 4th Class, all Russian.

	After the war he returned to India, serving in Baluchistan again from 1921 to 1928, for which he was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1928. He was promoted substantive lieutenant colonel in January 1923.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32844 \|date=13 July 1923\|page=4859}}</ref> In 1928 he was appointed British ~~Envoy~~ at the ~~Court~~ of [[Nepal]], from 1928 to 1929 he was [[British resident]] in [[Gwalior State\|Gwalior]], in 1929 he was agent to the [[Viceroy of India\|Governor-General]] in the [[princely states]] of Western India, and from 1930 to 1933 he was resident in [[Hyderabad State\|Hyderabad]]. A school in [[Secunderabad]], the Keyes High School for Girls, was named after him as he helped Dewan Padma Rao Mudaliar secure land to establish a permanent home for a school established by Venu Gopal Pillai that had six dispersed campuses. He retired from the army in May 1932 with the honorary rank of brigadier general,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=33848 \|date=22 July 1932\|page=4796}}</ref> and the following year returned to England to live at Freezeland Farm, near [[Ninfield]], [[Sussex]]. He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] shortly before his retirement from the IPS in the [[1933 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=33898 \|date=30 December 1932\|page=6\|supp=y}}</ref>		After the war he returned to India, serving in Baluchistan again from 1921 to 1928, for which he was appointed [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] (CSI) in 1928. He was promoted substantive lieutenant-colonel in January 1923.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32844 \|date=13 July 1923\|page=4859}}</ref> In 1928, he was appointed British envoy at the court of [[Nepal]]; from 1928 to 1929, he was [[British resident]] in [[Gwalior State\|Gwalior]]; in 1929, he was agent to the [[Viceroy of India\|Governor-General]] in the [[princely states]] of Western India; and from 1930 to 1933, he was resident in [[Hyderabad State\|Hyderabad]]. A school in [[Secunderabad]], the Keyes High School for Girls, was named after him, as he helped Dewan Padma Rao Mudaliar secure land to establish a permanent home for a school established by Venu Gopal Pillai that had six dispersed campuses. He retired from the army in May 1932 with the honorary rank of brigadier-general,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=33848 \|date=22 July 1932\|page=4796}}</ref> and the following year returned to England to live at Freezeland Farm, near [[Ninfield]], [[Sussex]]. He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE) shortly before his retirement from the IPS in the [[1933 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=33898 \|date=30 December 1932\|page=6\|supp=y}}</ref>

	==Personal and later life==		==Personal and later life==
	He married Edith Beatrice M'Mahon, daughter of Lieutenant-General C. A. M'Mahon. They had three sons, Roger (who became a well-known [[BBC]] journalist), Patrick and Michael, and two daughters, Rosemary and Lavender. Keyes was a committed Christian and a supporter of the [[Oxford Group]] and its principles of "moral rearmament", as well as an active [[freemason]].<ref name=Times /> He died in hospital in [[Hastings]] on 26 February 1939 after a long illness.		He married Edith Beatrice M'Mahon, daughter of Lieutenant-General C. A. M'Mahon. They had three sons, Roger (who became a well-known [[BBC]] journalist), Patrick and Michael, and two daughters, Rosemary and Lavender. Keyes was a committed Christian and a supporter of the [[Oxford Group]] and its principles of "moral rearmament", as well as an active [[freemason]], serving as the Master of Lodge Ekram at [[The St. John's (Secunderabad)\|St. John's Masocic Hall]] during his stay at [[Secunderabad]] in 1931 <ref name=Times /> He died in hospital in [[Hastings]] on 26 February 1939 after a long illness.

	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==
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	[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
	[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]		[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
	[[Category:British ~~Army~~ personnel of the Russian Civil War]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Russian Civil War]]
	[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Nepal]]		[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Nepal]]
	[[Category:British Christians]]		[[Category:British Christians]]
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	[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]
	[[Category:People from Wealden District]]		[[Category:People from Wealden District]]
			[[Category:British people in British India]]
			[[Category:King's Own Scottish Borderers officers]]
			[[Category:19th-century British Army personnel]]
			[[Category:Military personnel from East Sussex]]

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{{Short description|British Army general (1877–1939)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Terence Keyes
|image=
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1877|05|28|df=yes}}
|birth_place=
|death_date= {{death date and age|1939|02|26|1877|05|28|df=yes}}
|death_place= [[Hastings]], East Sussex
|placeofburial=
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[British Indian Army]]
|serviceyears= 1897–1932
|rank= [[Brigadier-General]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= [[Tirah Campaign|Tirah Expedition]] [[First World War]] [[Russian Civil War]]
|awards= [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4) [[Order of the Crown (Romania)|Officer of the Order of the Crown]] (Romania) [[Order of Saint Anna|Order of Saint Anna, 1st Class]] (Russia) [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st Class]] (Russia) [[Order of Saint Vladimir|Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th Class]] (Russia)
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
[[Brigadier-General]] '''Sir Terence Humphrey Keyes''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCIE|CSI|CMG|FRGS|FZS}} (28 May 1877 – 26 February 1939) was an officer in the [[British Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Political Service]].<ref>''[[Who Was Who]]''</ref><ref name=Times>Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 28 February 1939</ref>

==Early life and family==
Keyes was born on 28 May 1877. He was the son of General [[Charles Patton Keyes|Sir Charles Keyes]], the younger brother of Admiral of the Fleet [[Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes|Lord Keyes]] and older brother of Commander Adrian Keyes, who served with distinction during the [[Gallipoli campaign]]. He was educated at [[Haileybury College]] and as Queen's India Cadet at the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], from which he was commissioned [[second lieutenant]] in the Indian Army in January 1897.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26815 |date=19 January 1897|page=341}}</ref>

==Military career==
Keyes served in the [[Tirah Campaign|Tirah Expedition]] in 1897–1898, attached to the 2nd Battalion, [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]], where he was slightly wounded in the hand by a splinter and hit by a spent bullet in the chest at the [[Battle of Chagru Kotal]] on 18 October 1897.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26943 |date=1 March 1898|page=1266}}</ref> He was [[mentioned in despatches]] for these operations,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26943 |date=1 March 1898|page=1262}}</ref> and promoted [[lieutenant]] in April 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27100 |date=18 July 1899|page=4446}}</ref> In 1900 he served with troops helping to relieve the famine in the [[Central Provinces]].

In October 1904 he received his first political post when he was appointed [[vice-consul]] in [[Seistan]] and [[Qaen|Kain]] in [[Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27734 |date=11 November 1904|page=7262}}</ref> He was promoted [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]] in January 1906,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27900 |date=3 April 1906|page=2336}}</ref> and in February he became [[consul (representative)|consul]] in [[Turbat-i-Haidari]] and [[Kariz, Razavi Khorasan|Karez]], also in Persia.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27891 |date=2 March 1906|page=1514}}</ref> He served in the [[Baluchistan Campaign]] in 1908 and in 1914 was appointed [[Political Resident|political agent]] in [[Bahrain]]. Promoted [[major]] in 1915, he served in the [[Mesopotamian campaign]] during the [[First World War]]. In 1916 he headed the [[Mekran]] Mission, for which he was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] in June 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30111 |date=1 June 1917|page=5462|supp=y}}</ref> In 1917 he was attached to the Russian army in Romania, was promoted temporary [[lieutenant colonel]] in January 1918,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30506 |date=1 February 1918|page=1593|supp=y}}</ref> and [[brevet (military)|brevet]] lieutenant colonel in June.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30883 |date=3 September 1918|page=10498|supp=y}}</ref> For the next two years he served on "special duty" in Russia during the [[Russian Revolution|revolution]]. He served in the [[Russian Civil War]] in 1919–1920, serving as [[Brigadier General]] [[General Staff]] South Russia and [[Army of the Black Sea]] from December 1919 to June 1920,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31878 |date=23 April 1920|page=4817|supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32124 |date=12 November 1920|page=11080|supp=y}}</ref> and being mentioned in despatches three times and appointed a [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] in November 1919.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31764 |date=30 January 1920|page=1378|supp=y}}</ref> From 1919 to 1920 he served as deputy [[high commissioner]] and acting high commissioner in South Russia. For his war service he also received several foreign orders: Officer of the [[Order of the Crown of Romania]] with Swords,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31736 |date=13 January 1920|page=706|supp=y}}</ref> [[Order of St Anna]] 1st Class, [[Order of St Stanislaus]] 1st Class, and [[Order of St Vladimir]] with Swords 4th Class, all Russian.

After the war he returned to India, serving in Baluchistan again from 1921 to 1928, for which he was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1928. He was promoted substantive lieutenant colonel in January 1923.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32844 |date=13 July 1923|page=4859}}</ref> In 1928 he was appointed British Envoy at the Court of [[Nepal]], from 1928 to 1929 he was [[British resident]] in [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]], in 1929 he was agent to the [[Viceroy of India|Governor-General]] in the [[princely states]] of Western India, and from 1930 to 1933 he was resident in [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]. A school in [[Secunderabad]], the Keyes High School for Girls, was named after him as he helped Dewan Padma Rao Mudaliar secure land to establish a permanent home for a school established by Venu Gopal Pillai that had six dispersed campuses. He retired from the army in May 1932 with the honorary rank of brigadier general,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33848 |date=22 July 1932|page=4796}}</ref> and the following year returned to England to live at Freezeland Farm, near [[Ninfield]], [[Sussex]]. He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] shortly before his retirement from the IPS in the [[1933 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33898 |date=30 December 1932|page=6|supp=y}}</ref>

==Personal and later life==
He married Edith Beatrice M'Mahon, daughter of Lieutenant-General C. A. M'Mahon. They had three sons, Roger (who became a well-known [[BBC]] journalist), Patrick and Michael, and two daughters, Rosemary and Lavender. Keyes was a committed Christian and a supporter of the [[Oxford Group]] and its principles of "moral rearmament", as well as an active [[freemason]].<ref name=Times /> He died in hospital in [[Hastings]] on 26 February 1939 after a long illness.

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keyes, Terence}}
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Indian Political Service officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Nepal]]
[[Category:British Christians]]
[[Category:Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Crown (Romania)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]
[[Category:People from Wealden District]]