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Template:Germanic languages - Revision history
2026-09-07T10:17:44Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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2021-02-25T04:52:06Z
<p>1 revision imported</p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:22, 25 February 2021</td>
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WikiDwarf
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Germanic_languages&diff=14132&oldid=prev
46.91.106.74: is part of Low Prussian dialect; no need to mention sub-dialects without articles (isn't done for other dialects as well)
2021-02-01T15:06:40Z
<p>is part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect (page does not exist)">Low Prussian dialect</a>; no need to mention sub-dialects without articles (isn't done for other dialects as well)</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Navbox with collapsible groups<br />
|name = Germanic languages<br />
|title = [[Germanic languages]]<br />
|state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}}<br />
|bodyclass = hlist<br />
|above = According to contemporary [[Germanic philology|philology]]<br />
|selected = {{{expanded|}}}<br />
<br />
|group1 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]<br />
|abbr1 = West Germanic<br />
|state1 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude><br />
|list1 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<br />
|group1 = [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]]<br />
|list1 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[Anglic languages|Anglic]]<br />
|list1 = <br />
* [[English language|English]]*<br />
** [[List of dialects of English|dialects]]<br />
** ''[[Forth and Bargy dialect|Yola]]''<br />
** ''[[Fingallian]]''<br />
** ''[[Old English]]''<br />
** ''[[Middle English]]''<br />
* [[Scots language|Scots]]<br />
** ''[[Early Scots]]''<br />
** ''[[Middle Scots]]''<br />
|group2 = [[Frisian languages|Frisian]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[East Frisian language|East Frisian]]<br />
** Ems<br />
*** [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]<br />
** ''Weser''<br />
*** ''[[Wangerooge Frisian]]''<br />
*** ''[[Wursten Frisian]]''<br />
* [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]<br />
** Insular<br />
*** ''[[Eiderstedt Frisian|Eiderstedt]]''<br />
*** Föhr–Amrum<br />
**** [[Föhr North Frisian|Föhr]]<br />
**** [[Amrum North Frisian|Amrum]]<br />
*** [[Heligoland Frisian|Heligolandic]]<br />
*** [[Sylt North Frisian|Sylt]]<br />
** Mainland<br />
*** [[Bökingharde North Frisian|Bökingharde]]<br />
**** Mooring<br />
*** [[Halligen Frisian|Halligen]]<br />
*** [[Goesharde Frisian|Goesharde]]<br />
**** Northern<br />
**** Central<br />
**** ''Southern''<br />
*** [[Karrharde Frisian|Karrharde]]<br />
*** ''[[Strand Frisian|Strand]]''<br />
*** [[Wiedingharde Frisian|Wiedingharde]]<br />
* [[West Frisian languages|West Frisian]]<br />
** [[Hindeloopen Frisian|Hindeloopen]]<br />
** [[Schiermonnikoog Frisian|Schiermonnikoog]]<br />
** Westlauwers–Terschellings<br />
*** [[West Frisian language|Mainland West Frisian]]<br />
**** Clay Frisian<br />
**** Wood Frisian<br />
***** [[Westereendersk]]<br />
*** [[Terschelling Frisian|Terschelling]]<br />
* ''[[Old Frisian]]''<br />
* ''[[Middle Frisian]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group2 = [[Low German]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = Historical forms<br />
|list1 = <br />
* ''[[Old Saxon]]''<br />
* ''[[Middle Low German]]''<br />
|group2 = [[West Low German]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[Dutch Low Saxon]]<br />
** [[Stellingwarfs dialect|Stellingwarfs]]<br />
** [[Tweants dialect|Tweants]]<br />
** [[Gronings dialect|Gronings]]<br />
** [[Drèents dialects|Drèents]]<br />
** Gelders-Overijssels<br />
*** [[Achterhooks]]<br />
*** [[Sallaans dialect|Sallaans]]<br />
*** [[Urkers dialect|Urkers]]<br />
** [[Veluws dialect|Veluws]]<br />
* [[Northern Low Saxon]]<br />
** [[East Frisian Low Saxon]]<br />
** [[Schleswigsch]]<br />
** [[Holsteinisch]]<br />
** [[Hamburg German|Hamburgisch]]<br />
** Ollnborger<br />
** North Hanoveranian<br />
** Dithmarsch<br />
** Emsländisch<br />
* [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]<br />
* [[Eastphalian language|Eastphalian]]<br />
|group3 = [[East Low German]]<br />
|list3 = <br />
* [[Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect|Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch]]<br />
** [[Mecklenburgisch dialect|Mecklenburgish]]<br />
* [[Brandenburgisch dialect|Brandenburgisch]]<br />
* [[East Pomeranian dialect|East Pomeranian]]<br />
* Central Pomeranian<br />
** West Central Pomeranian<br />
* [[Low Prussian dialect|Low Prussian]]<br />
** [[Plautdietsch language|Mennonite Low German]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group3 = [[Low Franconian languages|Low Franconian]]<br />
|list3 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s<br />
|list1 = <br />
* [[Dutch language|Dutch]]*<br />
** ''[[Frankish language|Frankish]]''<br />
** ''[[Old Dutch]]''<br />
** ''[[Middle Dutch]]''<br />
* [[Afrikaans]]*<br />
|group2 = [[West Low Franconian]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[Hollandic dialect|Hollandic]]<br />
* [[West Flemish]]<br />
** [[French Flemish]]<br />
* [[Zeelandic]]<br />
* [[East Flemish]]<br />
* [[Brabantian dialect|Brabantian]]<br />
* [[Surinamese Dutch]]<br />
* [[Jersey Dutch]]<br />
* [[Mohawk Dutch]]<br />
* [[Stadsfries dialects|Stadsfries]]<br />
* [[Bildts]]<br />
* Yiddish Dutch<br />
|group3 = [[East Low Franconian]]<br />
|list3 = <br />
* [[Meuse-Rhenish]]<br />
** [[Limburgish]]<br />
*** [[Southeast Limburgish dialect|Southeast Limburgish]]<br />
** [[South Guelderish]]<br />
|group4 = Transitional<br />
|list4 = <br />
* [[Low Dietsch dialects|Low Dietsch]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group4 = [[High German languages|High German]]<br />
|list4 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s<br />
|list1 = <br />
* [[German language|German]]*<br />
** [[Namibian German]]<br />
*** [[Namibian Black German]]<br />
** [[Brazilian German]]<br />
** [[Unserdeutsch]]<br />
** [[Barossa German]]<br />
** [[Belgranodeutsch]]<br />
** [[Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch|Parana Volga German]]<br />
** [[Kiautschou Pidgin German]]<br />
** ''[[Old High German]]''<br />
** ''[[Middle High German]]''<br />
** ''[[Early New High German]]''<br />
* [[Yiddish]]<br />
** Eastern<br />
** Western<br />
** Litvish<br />
** Poylish<br />
** Ukrainish<br />
** Galitzish<br />
** [[History of the Jews in Scotland#"Scots-Yiddish"|Scots Yiddish]]<br />
** Alsatian Yiddish<br />
** ''[[Klezmer-loshn]]''<br />
** Ganovim<br />
** Balagole<br />
** Katsoves<br />
** [[Lachoudisch]]<br />
* [[Yenish language|Yenish]]<br />
* [[Rotwelsch]]<br />
** [[Lotegorisch]]<br />
|group2 = [[Standard German]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[German Standard German]]<br />
* [[Austrian German|Austrian Standard German]]<br />
* [[Swiss Standard German|Swiss Standard German]]<br />
|group3 = [[Central German]]<br />
|list3 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[West Central German]]<br />
|list1 = <br />
* [[Central Franconian languages|Central Franconian]]<br />
** [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]<br />
*** [[Colognian]]<br />
** [[Moselle Franconian language|Moselle Franconian]]<br />
*** [[Luxembourgish]]<br />
*** [[Transylvanian Saxon dialect|Transylvanian Saxon]]<br />
*** [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]]<br />
*** [[Hunsrik]]<br />
* [[Rhenish Franconian languages|Rhine Franconian]]<br />
** [[Lorraine Franconian]]<br />
** [[Palatine German language|Palatine]]<br />
*** [[Volga Germans#Language|Volga German]]<br />
*** [[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]]<br />
** [[Hessian dialects|Hessian]]<br />
*** [[Amana German|Amana]]<br />
|group2 = [[East Central German]]<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[Thuringian dialect|Thuringian]]<br />
* [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]<br />
* [[Erzgebirgisch|Ore Mountainian]]<br />
* [[Lusatian – New Marchian dialects|Lusatian-Neumarkish]]<br />
** [[Berlin German|Berlinerisch]]<br />
* [[Silesian German]]<br />
* [[High Prussian dialect|High Prussian]]<br />
* [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]]<br />
* [[Alzenau dialect|Halcnovian]]<br />
* ''[[Prague German]]''<br />
}}<br />
|group4 = [[High Franconian German|High Franconian]]<br />
|list4 = <br />
* [[South Franconian German|South Franconian]]<br />
* [[East Franconian German|East Franconian]]<br />
** [[Main-Franconian dialects|Main Franconian]]<br />
** [[Vogtlandian]]<br />
|group5 = [[Upper German]]<br />
|list5 = <br />
* [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]]<br />
** [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]<br />
*** [[Alsatian dialect|Alsatian]]<br />
*** [[Colonia Tovar dialect|Coloniero]]<br />
** [[High Alemannic German|High Alemannic]]<br />
*** [[Swiss German]]<br />
** [[Highest Alemannic German|Highest Alemannic]]<br />
*** [[Walser German|Walser German]]<br />
** [[Swabian German|Swabian]]<br />
* [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]]<br />
** [[Northern Bavarian]]<br />
** [[Central Bavarian]]<br />
*** [[Viennese German]]<br />
** [[Southern Bavarian]]<br />
*** [[South Tyrolean dialect|South Tyrolean]]<br />
*** [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]]<br />
*** [[Mòcheno language|Mòcheno]]<br />
*** [[Hutterite German]]<br />
* ''[[Lombardic language|Langobardic]]''<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group2 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] and [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]<br />
|abbr2 = North Germanic and East Germanic<br />
|state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude><br />
|list2 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]<br />
|list1 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = Historical forms<br />
|list1 = <br />
* ''[[Proto-Norse]]''<br />
* ''[[Old Norse]]''<br />
** ''Old West Norse''<br />
** ''Old East Norse''<br />
** ''[[Old Gutnish]]''<br />
|group2 = West Scandinavian<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]*<br />
** Spoken<br />
*** [[Bergensk]]<br />
*** [[Kebabnorsk]]<br />
*** [[Sognamål dialect|Sognamål]]<br />
*** [[Trøndersk]]<br />
*** [[Hallingmål-Valdris|Valdris]]<br />
*** [[Vestlandsk]]<br />
*** [[Vikværsk]]<br />
** Written<br />
*** [[Bokmål]]<br />
*** [[Nynorsk]]<br />
** ''[[Old Norwegian]]''<br />
** ''[[Middle Norwegian]]''<br />
* Insular Scandinavian<br />
** [[Faroese language|Faroese]]<br />
** [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]<br />
*** ''[[Old Norse#Old Icelandic|Old Icelandic]]''<br />
*** ''[[History of Icelandic#Middle Icelandic (1350–1550)|Middle Icelandic]]''<br />
** ''[[Greenlandic Norse|Gronlandsk]]''<br />
** ''[[Norn language|Norn]]''<br />
|group3 = East Scandinavian<br />
|list3 = <br />
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]*<br />
** [[Åland dialects|Åland]]<br />
** [[Estonian Swedish|Estonian]]<br />
** [[Finland Swedish|Finlandic]]<br />
** [[Gutnish|Gotlandic/Gutnish]]<br />
** [[Jämtland dialects|Jämtlandic]]<br />
** [[Kalix dialect|Kalix]]<br />
** [[Kiruna dialect|Kiruna]]<br />
** [[Luleå dialects|Luleå]]<br />
** [[Norrland dialects|Norrland]]<br />
** [[Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia|Ostrobothnian]]<br />
** [[Småländska]]<br />
** [[South Swedish dialects|South Swedish]]<br />
*** [[Scanian dialect|Scanian]]<br />
** [[Stockholm dialects|Stockholm]]<br />
** [[Rinkeby Swedish|Rinkeby]]<br />
** [[Uppländska dialect|Uppländska]]<br />
** [[Västgötska]]<br />
** [[Westrobothnian]]<br />
** ''[[Old Swedish]]''<br />
* [[Danish language|Danish]]*<br />
** [[Bornholm dialect|Bornholmsk]]<br />
** [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]]<br />
** [[Insular Danish]]<br />
** [[Jutlandic dialect|Jutlandic]]<br />
** [[South Jutlandic]]<br />
** [[Perkerdansk]]<br />
** ''[[History of Danish|Old Danish]]''<br />
** ''[[History of Danish|Middle Danish]]''<br />
* [[Dalecarlian language|Dalecarlian]]<br />
** [[Elfdalian]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group2 = ''[[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]''<br />
|list2 = <br />
* ''[[Gothic language|Gothic]]''<br />
** ''[[Crimean Gothic]]''<br />
* ''[[Burgundians#Language|Burgundian]]''<br />
* ''[[Vandalic language|Vandalic]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|group3 = [[Germanic philology|Philology]]<br />
|abbr3 = Philology<br />
|state3 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude><br />
|list3 = <br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--><br />
|group1 = [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)|Language subgroups]]<br />
|list1 = <br />
* [[North Germanic languages|North]]<br />
* [[East Germanic languages|East]]<br />
* [[West Germanic languages|West]]<br />
**[[Elbe Germanic|Elbe (Irminonic)]]<br />
**[[Weser-Rhine Germanic|Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)]]<br />
**[[North Sea Germanic|North Sea (Ingvaeonic)]]<br />
<br />
*''[[Northwest Germanic|Northwest]]''<br />
*''[[Gotho-Nordic]]''<br />
*''[[South Germanic|South]]''<br />
<br />
|group2 = Reconstructed<br />
|list2 = <br />
* [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]<br />
* [[Proto-Germanic grammar]]<br />
* [[Germanic parent language]]<br />
* [[Ancient Belgian language]]<br />
<br />
|group3 = Diachronic features<br />
|list3 = <br />
* [[Grimm's law]]<br />
* [[Verner's law]]<br />
* [[Holtzmann's law]]<br />
* [[Sievers's law]]<br />
* [[Kluge's law]]<br />
* [[Germanic substrate hypothesis]]<br />
* [[West Germanic gemination]]<br />
* [[High German consonant shift]]<br />
* [[Germanic a-mutation]]<br />
* [[Germanic umlaut]]<br />
* [[Germanic spirant law]]<br />
* [[Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law]]<br />
* [[Great Vowel Shift]]<br />
<br />
|group4 = Synchronic features<br />
|list4 = <br />
* [[Germanic verb]]<br />
* [[Germanic strong verb]]<br />
* [[Germanic weak verb]]<br />
* [[Germanic verb#Preterite-presents|Preterite-present verb]]<br />
* [[Grammatischer Wechsel]]<br />
* [[Indo-European ablaut]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|below = {{hlist |''Italics'' indicate [[language death|extinct language]]s |* (asterisks) indicates [[list of languages by number of native speakers|languages with more than 3 million speakers]] |Languages between parentheses are [[variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of the language on their left.}}<br />
<br />
}}<noinclude><br />
{{Documentation}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
46.91.106.74