imported>Beland: /* Early */ deal with "garh"

2021-08-25T18:58:54Z

Early: deal with "garh"

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{{Redirect|Tehri Garhwal|the former princely state|Garhwal Kingdom|the Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency|Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tehri Garhwal district
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District of Uttarakhand]]
| image_skyline = Devprayag, Birth of holy Ganga river.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Devprayag]], confluence of the [[Alaknanda River|Alakananda]] and [[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] to form the [[Ganges|Ganga]]
| image_map = Tehri Garhwal district.svg
| map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.38|N|78.48|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Uttarakhand Flag(INDIA).png}}[[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[New Tehri]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District collector (India)|District Magistrate]]
| leader_name1 = Iva Ashish Srivastava <ref>https://tehri.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4,080
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 618,931
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 148
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title2 = Official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]]
| demographics1_title1 = Native
| demographics1_info1 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], [[Jaunpuri dialect (Garhwal)|Jaunpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UK 09
| website = {{URL|tehri.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Tehri Garhwal (''Pronounced'' : '<nowiki/>'''Tihri'/'टिहरी')'''is''' a [[District (India)|district]] in the hill state of [[Uttarakhand]], India. Its administrative headquarters is at [[New Tehri]].<ref>http://tehri.nic.in/pages/display/54-location-and-area#</ref> The district has a population of 618, 931 (2011 census), a 2.35% increase over the previous decade. It is surrounded by [[Rudraprayag District]] in the east, [[Dehradun District]] in the west, [[Uttarkashi District]] in the north, and [[Pauri Garhwal District]] in the south. Tehri Garhwal is a part of the Himalayas

==Etymology==
The name ''Tehri'' has been derived from ''Trihari'', signifying a place that washes away the three types of sins – sins born out of Mansa, Vacha and Karmana or thought, word and deed, respectively. ''Garh'' in [[Hindi]] means fort.

==History==

===Early===
Prior to 888 CE, the region was divided into 52 {{transl|hi|garh}} which were ruled by independent kings. These {{transl|hi|garh}} were brought into one province by Kanakpal, the prince of [[Malwa]]. Kanakpal, on his visit to Badrinath, had met the then mightiest king Bhanu Pratap who later married his only daughter to the prince and handed over his kingdom to him. Kanakpal Singh and his descendants gradually conquered all the {{transl|hi|garh}} and ruled the whole of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] for the next 915 years, up to 1803.

===Garhwal Kingdom===
{{Main|Garhwal Kingdom}}

[[File:Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg|thumb|right|Princely flag of Tehri Garhwal.]]
Tehri Garhwal<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_275.gif Tehri Garhwal] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 23, p. 269.</ref> or the Garhwal Kingdom, was a [[princely state]], ruled by the Parmar (Shah) dynasty. Later, it became a part of the [[Punjab Hill States|Punjab Hill States Agency]] of [[British India]], which consists of the present day Tehri Garhwal District and most of the [[Uttarkashi district]]. In 1901, it had an area of about {{convert|4180|mi2|km2}} and a population of 268,885. The ruler was given the title of raja, but after 1913, he was honoured with the title of Maharaja. The ruler was entitled to salutes of 11 guns and had a [[privy purse]] of rupees 300,000. The princely state acceded to India on 1 August 1949.

===Gorkha Rule===
Gorkhas were expanding their kingdom. Gorkhas Started invading and occupying on other Kingdoms. In 1803, the [[Gorkhas]] invaded over Garhwal.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Garhwal|volume=11|page=466}}</ref> The Gorkha army generals Subba Amar Singh, Hastidal Chautariya, Bamshah Chautariya and Ranjor Thapa commanded a huge army in the crusade against King Pradyumna Shah and his sons Kunwar Parakrama Shah and Kunwar Pritam Shah. Garhwal Army fought with the Gorkhas at Khurhbure where the Garhwal king was killed. Gradually, the Gorkhas occupied [[Dehradun]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangada]] and [[Shimla]] and later on extended their kingdom up to Kangra.

[[File:United Provinces 1903.png|right|250px|thumb|1903 map of [[United Provinces (India)|United Provinces]] showing the boundaries of [[Garhwal Kingdom]]]]
From 1787 to 1812, the Gorkhas invaded and occupied nearly 200 villages which were under the control of the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]]. The British argued with the king but to no avail. Finally, the [[Gurkha War]] began in 1814, when an army of 8,000 under Major General Marley attacked [[Kathmandu]]. Four thousand soldiers under Major General Wood started an operation from [[Gorakhpur]] and 3,500 soldiers attempted to take over Dehradun under Major General Zileswy. Finally, the British army captured Dehradun on 30 November 1814.

The British Army then moved towards Kumaon. After a fierce battle, the Gorkha commanders Hastidal and Jayrakha were killed at Vinayathal. The war ended with the [[Treaty of Sugauli|Sugauli Treaty]], signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified on 4 March 1816 by Gorkha supreme commander Bamshah and thus, British rule started in the hills. The East India Company then merged Kumaon, Dehradun and east Garhwal into the British Empire while west Garhwal was given Back to Sudarshan Shah which then became known as Tehri Riyasat.

===New capital===
King Sudarshan Shah established his capital at Tehri town and afterwards his successors Pratap Shah, Kirti Shah and Narendra Shah established their capital at [https://www.negiuttarkhandi.com/2021/04/tehri-garhwal-tehridam-history-in-hindi.html Pratap Nagar], [[Kirtinagar]] and [[Narendra Nagar]], respectively. Their dynasty ruled over this region from 1815 to 1949. During the Quit India Movement people of this region actively worked for the independence of the country. Ultimately, when the country was declared independent in 1947, the inhabitants of Tehri Riyasat (Tehri State) started their movement to free themselves from the clutches of the maharaja.

Due to this movement, the situation became out of his control and it was difficult for him to rule over the region. Consequently, the 60th king of Pawar Vansh, Manvendra Shah, accepted the sovereignty of the Indian government. Thus, in August 1949, Tehri Riyasat was merged into [[Uttar Pradesh]] and was given the status of a new district, the Tehri Garhwal district.<ref>[https://tehri.nic.in/history/]</ref> Subsequently, on 24 February 1960, the state government separated its one [[tehsil]] which was given the status of a separate district named [[Uttarkashi]]. The former royal palace of the Maharaja of Tehri Garhwal at [[Narendra Nagar]], now houses the [[Ananda in the Himalayas|Ananda–In the Himalayas]] spa, established 2000.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E4DB133AF933A05754C0A9669C8B63 Himalayan Spa for Sybarites] By CELIA W. DUGGER. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 30 July 2000.</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Tehri Garhwal one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the three districts in [[Uttarakhand]] currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date= 5 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Crops==
Dry season crops include wheat, barley, masoor, Bengal and red gram, rapeseed and mustard, and pea. Wet season crops include rice, barnyard millet, finger millet, black gram, sesame and soybean. Various fruits and spices grow in the district also.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agricoop.nic.in/Agriculture%20Contingency%20Plan/Uttarakhand/UKD6-Tehri%20Garhwal-10.07.14.pdf|title=Agriculture Contingency Plan for District : Tehri Garhwal|website=agricoop.nic.in/|access-date=4 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321203519/http://agricoop.nic.in/Agriculture%20Contingency%20Plan/Uttarakhand/UKD6-Tehri%20Garhwal-10.07.14.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2015}}</ref>

==Assembly Constituencies==
#[[Ghansali (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Ghanshali (SC)]]
#[[Devprayag (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Devprayag]]
#[[Narendranagar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Narendranagar]]
#[[Pratapnagar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Pratapnagar]]
#[[Tehri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Tehri]]
#[[Dhanaulti (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Dhanulti]]

== Administrative setup==
The district of Tehri Garhwal is divided into two subdivisions: Kirti Nagar and Tehri-Pratap Nagar. It has seven tehsils, one sub-tehsil, nine blocks, two municipalities and four town area committees. The district covers 76 Nagar Panchayats and 928 gram panchayats. It has 1,847 revenue villages and 2,508 clusters.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Particulars
! Number
! Name
|-
| Subdivisions
| <center>2</center>
| Kirti Nagar and Tehri-Pratap Nagar and Dhanolti
|-
| Tehsils
| <center>7</center>
| [[Deoprayag]], Ghansali, [[Narendra Nagar]], Pratap Nagar, Tehri, Jakhanidhar and Dhanolti and Kandisaur and Nainbaag
|-
| Sub-Tehsil
| <center>1</center>
| Gaja
|-
| Blocks
| <center>9</center>
| Bhilangana, Chamba, [[Deoprayag]], Jakhanidhar, Jaunpur, Kirtinagar, Naredranagar, Pratapnagar and Thauldhar
|-
| Municipalities
| <center>4</center>
| Tehri, Narendra Nagar, Chamba and Devprayag
|-
| Town area committees
| <center>2</center>
| [[Kirtinagar]] and [[Muni Ki Reti]]
|-
|}

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Tehri Garhwal district (2011)<ref name="Tehri Garhwal District Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttarakhand/tehri-garhwal-population.html|title=Tehri Garhwal District Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 98.53
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 1.19
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 0.01
|color3 = Gold
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.11
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Sikhism]]
|value5 = 0.05
|color5 = Yellow
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.02
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = Not Stated
|value8 = 0.09
|color8 = Black
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Tehri Garhwal district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 618,931,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Vermont 625,741
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date= 1 January 2011
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 520th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|688]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 169 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 1.93%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Tehri Garhwal has a [[sex ratio]] of 1078 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 75.1%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The major first language of the district is [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], accounting for 90.5% of the population according to the 2011 census. [[Hindi]] is widely used as a [[lingua franca]], but is the first language of only 6% of the people. Other languages spoken include [[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]] (1%) and [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (0.95%).<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX|title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Uttarakhand|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

Hindus number 596,769; Muslims 6,390 (1.05%); and Sikhs 561<ref>{{cite web | url = http://india.gov.in/knowindia/districts/andhra1.php?stateid=UA | title = Uttarakhand – Districts of India: Know India | publisher = National Portal of India | access-date = 4 April 2009}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,80,788|13=1911|14=2,02,264|15=1921|16=2,14,090|17=1931|18=2,35,038|19=1941|20=2,67,178|21=1951|22=2,77,115|23=1961|24=3,13,210|25=1971|26=3,58,117|27=1981|28=4,46,472|29=1991|30=5,20,256|31=2001|32=6,04,747|33=2011|34=6,18,931|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Modern developments==
In the 1960s, Tehri Garhwal extended much farther east than it currently does.<ref>''Times World Atlas'', 1967 Edition, Plate 30.</ref> In 1997, much of the eastern portion of Tehri Garhwal was detached and merged with portions of the [[Pauri Garhwal district]] and the [[Chamoli district]] to form the [[Rudraprayag district]].

==Notable people==
*[[Anand Sharan Raturi]], educator
*[[Sunderlal Bahuguna]], environmentalist

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tehri Garhwal district}}
* {{Official website|http://tehri.nic.in}}
*[http://www.merapahadforum.com Complete Uttarakhand Information]
*[http://www.ourgarhwal.com Complete Garhwal Information]
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Tehri Garhwal district
|North = [[Uttarkashi district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Rudraprayag district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Pauri Garhwal district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Dehradun district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Tehri Garhwal}}
{{Districts of Uttarakhand}}
{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tehri Garhwal District}}
[[Category:Tehri Garhwal district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttarakhand]]

Tehri Garhwal district - Revision history

imported>Beland: /* Early */ deal with "garh"