Providentecopoliten at 07:09, 12 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 15 August 2023
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Portal\|Water\|Renewable energy}}~~
	{{Commons category}}		{{Commons category}}
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714081401/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=k0506n13755nq823&size=largest Tehri Hydro Power Complex on the Bhagirathi River in India] Journal Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction), Springer, New York {{ISSN\|1570-145X}} (Print) {{ISSN\|1570-1468}} (Online) Vol. 34, No. 8-9 / Aug, 2000 {{doi\|10.1023/A:1004187208788}}, pp 479–484, 2 November 2004		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714081401/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=k0506n13755nq823&size=largest Tehri Hydro Power Complex on the Bhagirathi River in India] Journal Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction), Springer, New York {{ISSN\|1570-145X}} (Print) {{ISSN\|1570-1468}} (Online) Vol. 34, No. 8-9 / Aug, 2000 {{doi\|10.1023/A:1004187208788}}, pp 479–484, 2 November 2004

imported>MPGuy2824: /* Environmental issues */ fixed ref

2021-08-21T09:51:04Z

Environmental issues: fixed ref

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Tehri Dam
| name_official =
| image_caption = The dam in 2008; dam is 800 feet
| image_alt =
| location_map_caption =
| country = India
| location = [[Uttarakhand]]
| status = O
| construction_began = 1978
| opening = 2006
| demolished =
| cost = US $2.5 billion
| owner = THDC INDIA LIMITED
| dam_type = [[Embankment dam|Embankment]], earth and rock-fill
| dam_crosses = [[Bhagirathi River]]
| dam_length = {{convert|575|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_crest = {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base = {{convert|1128|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| dam_volume =
| spillway_count = 2
| spillway_type = Gate controlled
| spillway_capacity = {{convert|15540|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|4.0|km3|acre.ft|abbr=on|lk=out}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{convert|52|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission = 2006
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type = P no
| plant_turbines = [[Francis pump turbine]]s
| plant_capacity = {{convert|1000|MW|abbr=on}}<br />Max. planned: 2,400 MW
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
| image = Tehri dam india.jpg
| image_size =
| location_map = India Uttarakhand
| location_map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|30|22|40|N|78|28|50|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| dam_height = {{convert|260.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
}}
The '''Tehri Dam''' is the
tallest dam in India. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill [[embankment dam]] on the [[Bhagirathi River]] near [[Tehri]] in [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]. It is the primary dam of the [[THDC India Ltd.]] and the Tehri [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] complex. Phase 1 was completed in 2006. The Tehri Dam withholds a reservoir for [[irrigation]], [[municipal water supply]] and the generation of {{convert|1000|MW}} of hydroelectricity. The dam's 1,000 MW variable-speed [[pumped storage hydroelectricity|pumped-storage]] scheme is currently under construction with expected commissioning in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tehri Pumped Storage Plant|url=https://www.thdc.co.in/content/tehri-pumped-storage-plant|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Tehri dam.jpg|thumb|left|Tehri dam in November 2004]]
A preliminary investigation for the Tehri Dam Project was completed in 1961 and its design was completed in 1972 with a 600  MW capacity power plant based on the study. Construction began in 1978 after feasibility studies but was delayed due to financial, environmental and social impacts.

In 1986, technical and financial assistance was provided by the [[Soviet Union|USSR]], but this was interrupted years later with political instability. India was forced to take control of the project and at the first, it was placed under the direction of the Irrigation Department of Uttar Pradesh. However, in 1988 the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation was formed to manage the dam and 75% of the funding would be provided by the federal government, 25% by the state. Uttar Pradesh would finance the entire irrigation portion of the project.

==Technical description==
[[File:Power House of Tehri Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The main power house of Tehri Dam that houses four generators each capable of producing 250 MW of power.]]
Tehri Dam is a '''{{convert|260.5|m|abbr=on}}''' high rock and earth-fill embankment dam. Its length is {{convert|575|m|abbr=on}}, crest width {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}}, and base width {{convert|1128|m|abbr=on}}. The dam creates a reservoir of {{convert|4.0|km3|acre.ft|lk=out}} with a surface area of {{convert|52|km2|abbr=on}}. The installed hydrocapacity is 1,000 MW along with an additional 1,000 MW of [[pumped storage hydroelectricity]]. The lower reservoir for the pumped-storage plant is created by the Koteshwar Dam downstream.

The Tehri Dam and the Tehri Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant are part of the [[Tehri Hydropower Complex]] which also includes the 400 MW [[Koteshwar Dam]].<ref name="TDAM">[http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/HN/article/view/2481/2214 Tehri Dam: An Engineering Marvel, by Basistha Raj Adhikari]</ref> Tehri pumped storage plant (4 X 250 MW) has variable speed features which can optimize the round trip efficiency under varying water levels in its reservoirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Review of Power Electronic Converters for Variable Speed Pumped Storage Plants|url=https://www.iitr.ac.in/media/facspace/thangfwt/thanga_review.pdf|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref> Power is distributed to [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] . The complex will afford [[irrigation]] to an area of {{convert|270000|ha}}, irrigation stabilization to an area of {{convert|600000|ha}}, and a supply of {{convert|270|e6impgal|e6m3}} of drinking water per day to the industrialized areas of [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]].

The total expenditure for this project was [[USD]] 1 billion.

===Scheduling and generation dispatch===
The scheduling and dispatch of the Tehri Hydro Power plant is done by Northern Regional Load Dispatch Center(NRLDC)

which is the apex body to ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the Northern region and comes under [[Power System Operation Corporation Limited]] (POSOCO). At present, THDC India Ltd. is generating around 3,000 GWh annually from this dam.

==Environmental issues==
[[File:TehriDam 1.JPG|thumb|left|Tehri dam in July 2008]]
The Tehri Dam has been the object of protests by environmental organizations and local people of the region. Virendra Dutt Saklani, lawyer and founder of the Anti-Tehri Dam Struggle Committee, was quick to point out the consequences associated to the large project.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Nachowitz|first=Todd|date=June 1988 |volume=12 |issue=2|title=The Tehri Dam, India - Stumbling towards catastrophe |url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/tehri-dam-india-stumbling-toward-catastrophe|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Cultural Survival Quarterly}}</ref> Environmental activist [[Sunderlal Bahuguna]] led the Anti-Tehri Dam movement from 1980s till 2004.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/protectors-of-nature/article8761277.ece|title=Protectors of Nature |date=2016-06-23 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |access-date=2016-07-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bigwire.in/2016/03/08/save-earth-next-generation-chipko-legend/ |title=Save earth for next generation: Chipko legend |last=Dutta |first=Ratnajyoti |date=2016-03-08 |website=BigWire |access-date=2016-07-03}}</ref> The protest was against the displacement of town inhabitants and environmental consequence of the weak ecosystem.<ref name=":0" />

In addition to the human rights concerns, the project has spurred concerns about the environmental consequences of locating such a large dam in the fragile [[ecosystem]] of the [[Himalaya]]n foothills. There are further concerns regarding the dam's geological stability.<ref name=":0" /> The Tehri dam is in the Central Himalayan Seismic Gap, a major [[geologic fault]] zone. This region was the site of a 6.8 [[moment magnitude scale|magnitude]] [[earthquake]] in October 1991, with an [[epicenter]] {{convert|53|km|abbr=on}} from the dam. Dam proponents claim that the complex is designed to withstand an earthquake of 8.4 magnitude, but some seismologists say that earthquakes with a magnitude of 8.5 or more could occur in this region. Were such a catastrophe to occur, the potentially resulting dam-break would submerge numerous towns downstream, whose populations total near half a million.

[[File:A protest message against Tehri dam, Garhwal, Uttarakhand.jpg|left|thumb|A protest message against Tehri dam, which was steered by [[Sundarlal Bahuguna]] for years. It says "We don't want the dam. The dam is the mountain's destruction."]]

The relocation of more than 100,000 people from the area has led to protracted legal battles over resettlement rights and, ultimately, resulted in the project's delayed completion.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges", Indiana University, available at http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/8833?show=full</ref>

Since 2005, filling of the reservoir has led to the reduced flow of Bhagirathi water from the normal {{convert|1000|cuft/s|abbr=on}} to a mere {{convert|200|cuft/s|abbr=on}}. This reduction has been central to local protest against the dam, since the Bhagirathi is considered part of the sacred Ganges whose waters are crucial to [[Hindu]] beliefs. At some points during the year, the tampering with Bhagirathi waters means this tributary stops flowing. This has created resentments among many Hindus, who claim that the sanctity of the Ganges has been compromised for the generation of electricity. The officials say that when the reservoir is filled to its maximum capacity the flow of the river will again become normal. In spite of concerns and protestation, operation of the Tehri Dam continues.

==NTPC Limited Takeover==
On 21 November 2019, the [[Government of India]] approved the take over of [[Tehri Hyrdo Development Corporation]] (THDC) by [[NTPC Limited]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://thdc.gov.in/Projects/English/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?vid=132 Official website of the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited], the organization in charge of the dam's construction
* [http://seven-sisters.blogspot.com/2005/11/tehri-sinking-town.html Tehri: The Sinking Town] a traveller's account of Tehri dam.
* [http://www.solobackpacker.com/2012/12/24/tehri-lake-memories-from-old-tehri Tehri Lake: Memories from Old Tehri], A Backpacker at Tehri Lake
* Gaur, Vinod K. and Valdiya, K. S. (1993) ''Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya'', Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-900281-2-X}}
* Nawani, PC et al. (2006) "TEHRI DAM PROJECT – A Geotechnical Appraisal," Geological Survey of India Bulletin: Series B, No.62, {{ISSN|0445-622X}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Water|Renewable energy}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714081401/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=k0506n13755nq823&size=largest Tehri Hydro Power Complex on the Bhagirathi River in India] Journal Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction), Springer, New York {{ISSN|1570-145X}} (Print) {{ISSN|1570-1468}} (Online) Vol. 34, No. 8-9 / Aug, 2000 {{doi|10.1023/A:1004187208788}}, pp 479–484, 2 November 2004

{{Hydrography of Uttarakhand}}
{{Power Stations of Uttarakhand}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dams completed in 2009]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2006]]
[[Category:Dams in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:New Tehri]]
[[Category:Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in India]]
[[Category:Embankment dams]]
[[Category:Dams on the Bhagirathi River]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Uttarakhand]]

Tehri Dam - Revision history

Providentecopoliten at 07:09, 12 February 2026

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

imported>MPGuy2824: /* Environmental issues */ fixed ref