https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Tedim_language
Tedim language - Revision history
2026-09-06T18:17:15Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.43.6
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tedim_language&diff=270475&oldid=prev
->Fdom5997: /* Consonants */Allophone
2021-10-29T04:33:44Z
<p><span class="autocomment">Consonants: </span>Allophone</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma and India}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Tedim<br />
| nativename = Zomi<br>Zo pau<br />
| states = [[Burma]], [[India]]<br />
| region = <br />
| ethnicity = [[Zomi]]<br />
| speakers = {{sigfig|344,000|2}}<br />
| date = 1990<br />
| ref = e18<br />
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br />
| fam2 = ([[Tibeto-Burman language|Tibeto-Burman]])<br />
| fam3 = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Northern Kuki-Chin languages|Northern]]<br />
| script = [[Pau Cin Hau script]]<br />
| iso3 = ctd<br />
| glotto = tedi1235<br />
| glottorefname = Zomi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Tedim''' or '''Zomi''' language is spoken mostly in [[Burma]] and [[India]]. In [[Chin State]](Khamtunggam), it is spoken in [[Tedim]] and [[Tonzang]] townships, while in [[Sagaing Division]], it is spoken in [[Kalay]] and [[Mawlaik]] townships (''[[Ethnologue]]''). Dialects are Sokte and Kamhau (also called Kamhao, Kamhow).<br />
<br />
==Clans==<br />
'''Sukte''' is a small clan of Zomi. They generally live in the Tedim and Tonzang townships."But there is no specific native language of Sukte. It is just a clan of Zomi." Zam Ngaih Cing (2011:170) lists some Zomi varieties as Losau, Sihzang, Teizang, Saizang, Dim, Khuano, Hualngo, Dim, [[Zou language|Zou]], [[Thadou language|Thado]], Paite and [[Vangteh]].<ref>Cing, Zam Ngaih. But there is no language of Sukte, meaning it is only a clan of Zomi. "Linguistic Ecology of Tedim Chin." In Singh, Shailendra Kumar (ed). ''Linguistic Ecology of Manipur''. Guwahati: EBH Publishers.</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Zomi language was the primary language spoken by [[Pau Cin Hau]], a religious leader who lived from 1859 to 1948. He also devised a logographic and later simplified alphabetic script for writing materials in Zomi language.<br />
<br />
==Phonology==<br />
The phonology of Zomi language can be described as (C)V(V)(C)T order, where C represents a consonant, V represents a vowel, T represents a tone, and parentheses enclose optional constituents of a syllable.<ref>https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11104r-paucinhau-alphabet.pdf</ref> It is a subject-object verb language, and negation follows the verb.<br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
!([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-]])<br>[[Alveolo-palatal consonant|palatal]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Plosive]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|p<br />
|t<br />
|<br />
|k<br />
|ʔ<br />
|-<br />
!<small>aspirated</small><br />
|pʰ<br />
|tʰ<br />
|<br />
|(kʰ)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!<small>voiced</small><br />
|b<br />
|d<br />
|<br />
|ɡ<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|tɕ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!<small>aspirated</small><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|tɕʰ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|f<br />
|s<br />
|<br />
|x<br />
|h<br />
|-<br />
!<small>voiced</small><br />
|v<br />
|z<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|m<br />
|n<br />
|<br />
|ŋ<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br />
|<br />
|l<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|lˀ<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Approximants [j, w] can be heard as allophones of vowels /i̯, u̯/ within diphthongs.<br />
* /x/ can also be heard as an aspirated velar stop [kʰ] in free variation.<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!<br />
![[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
![[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
![[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Close vowel|Close]]<br />
|i iː<br />
|<br />
|u uː<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|ɛ ɛː<br />
|<br />
|ɔ ɔː<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Open vowel|Open]]<br />
|<br />
|a aː<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Diphthongs<br />
!<br />
![[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
![[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
![[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Close vowel|Close]]<br />
|iu̯ i̯a<br />
|<br />
|ui̯ uːi̯ u̯a<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|ei̯ ɛːi̯ eu̯ ɛːu̯<br />
|<br />
|ou̯ oi̯ ɔːi̯<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Open vowel|Open]]<br />
|<br />
|ai̯ aːi̯ au̯ aːu̯<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Sounds /ɛ, ɔ/ may have short allophones of more close [e, o].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Otsuka|first=Kosei|title=Tiddim Chin|publisher=Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.|year=2014|location=Toshihide Nakayama and Noboru Yoshioka and Kosei Otsuka (eds.), Grammatical Sketches from the Field|pages=109-141}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Incubator|code=ctd}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Burma}}<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kukish languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{st-lang-stub}}<br />
{{Myanmar-stub}}</div>
->Fdom5997