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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 12 August 2021
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	{{short description\|American senator from Massachusetts}}		{{short description\|American senator from Massachusetts}}
	{{redirect\|Edward Kennedy\|other people\|Ted Kennedy (disambiguation)\|and\|Edward Kennedy (disambiguation)}}		{{redirect\|Edward Kennedy\|other people\|Ted Kennedy (disambiguation)\|and\|Edward Kennedy (disambiguation)}}
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	Kennedy easily defeated Republican businessman [[Ray Shamie]] to [[1982 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\|win re-election in 1982]].{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|p=63}} Senate leaders granted him a seat on the [[United States Senate Armed Services Committee\|Armed Services Committee]], while allowing him to keep his other major seats despite the traditional limit of two such seats.{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} Kennedy became very visible in opposing aspects of the [[foreign policy of the Reagan administration]], including U.S. intervention in the [[Salvadoran Civil War]] and U.S. support for the [[Contras]] in [[Nicaragua]], and in opposing Reagan-supported weapons systems, including the [[B-1 bomber]], the [[MX missile]], and the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]].{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} Kennedy became the Senate's leading advocate for a [[nuclear freeze]]{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} and was a critic of Reagan's confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/22/world/kennedy-denouces-regan-for-voodoo-arms-control.html \|title=Kennedy Denounces Reagan for 'Voodoo Arms Control' \|agency=[[United Press International]] \|newspaper=The New York Times \|date=June 22, 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/09/world/reagan-finds-a-lesser-evil-in-indefinite-recess-of-talks.html \|title=Reagan Finds a Lesser Evil in Indefinite Recess of Talks \|author=Smith, Hedrick \|newspaper=The New York Times \|date=December 9, 1983 \|author-link=Hedrick Smith}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/29858499/edward_kennedy_on_president_reagan_a_state_of_disunion/print \|title=Edward Kennedy on President Reagan: A State of Disunion \|author=Kennedy, Edward M. \|magazine=Rolling Stone \|date=March 15, 1984}}</ref>		Kennedy easily defeated Republican businessman [[Ray Shamie]] to [[1982 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\|win re-election in 1982]].{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|p=63}} Senate leaders granted him a seat on the [[United States Senate Armed Services Committee\|Armed Services Committee]], while allowing him to keep his other major seats despite the traditional limit of two such seats.{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} Kennedy became very visible in opposing aspects of the [[foreign policy of the Reagan administration]], including U.S. intervention in the [[Salvadoran Civil War]] and U.S. support for the [[Contras]] in [[Nicaragua]], and in opposing Reagan-supported weapons systems, including the [[B-1 bomber]], the [[MX missile]], and the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]].{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} Kennedy became the Senate's leading advocate for a [[nuclear freeze]]{{sfn\|Hersh\|1997\|pp=60–63}} and was a critic of Reagan's confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/22/world/kennedy-denouces-regan-for-voodoo-arms-control.html \|title=Kennedy Denounces Reagan for 'Voodoo Arms Control' \|agency=[[United Press International]] \|newspaper=The New York Times \|date=June 22, 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/09/world/reagan-finds-a-lesser-evil-in-indefinite-recess-of-talks.html \|title=Reagan Finds a Lesser Evil in Indefinite Recess of Talks \|author=Smith, Hedrick \|newspaper=The New York Times \|date=December 9, 1983 \|author-link=Hedrick Smith}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/29858499/edward_kennedy_on_president_reagan_a_state_of_disunion/print \|title=Edward Kennedy on President Reagan: A State of Disunion \|author=Kennedy, Edward M. \|magazine=Rolling Stone \|date=March 15, 1984}}</ref>

	A 1983 KGB memo indicates that Kennedy engaged in back-channel communication with the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/oct/27/20061027-084248-4386r/\|title=Kennedy-KGB collaboration\|website=washingtontimes.com\|date=2006-10-27\|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/when-democrats-wanted-moscows-political-help/\|title=When Democrats Wanted Moscow's Political Help \| Investor's Business Daily\|date=December 19, 2016\|access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref><ref name="SovietGambit">{{cite web\|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/27/ted-kennedy-soviet-union-ronald-reagan-opinions-columnists-peter-robinson.html#14a424fa359a \|title=Ted Kennedy's Soviet Gambit \|website=forbes.com \|date=2009-08-27 \|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> According to a May 14, 1983, memorandum from [[Chairman of the KGB\|KGB chairman]] [[Viktor Chebrikov]] to general secretary [[Yuri Andropov]], former U.S. Senator [[John V. Tunney\|John Tunney]]—a friend and former college roommate of Kennedy's—visited Moscow that month and conveyed a message from Kennedy to Andropov.<ref name="SovietGambit"/><ref name="times020292"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://archive.org/details/1983KennedyAndropovMemo\|title=1983 Kennedy-Andropov memo (original followed by translation)\|date=May 14, 1983\|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="SecretMessage">{{Cite web\|url=https://timeline.com/teddy-kennedy-used-a-secret-message-to-get-the-russians-to-intervene-in-reagans-1984-re-election-e4d45af01368\|title=Teddy Kennedy used a secret message to get the Russians to intervene in Reagan's 1984 re-election\|first=Allen\|last=McDuffee\|date=July 27, 2017\|website=Timeline}}</ref> The memo indicates that the stated purpose of the communication was to "'root out the threat of nuclear war', 'improve Soviet-American relations' and 'define the safety of the world'".<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Chebrikov wrote that Kennedy was "'very troubled by the current state of Soviet-American relations'" and believed that the "'only real threats to Reagan [were] problems of war and peace and Soviet-American relations'".<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Chebrikov added that those issues, "'according to the senator, will without a doubt become the most important of the [1984] election campaign'".<ref name="~~SecretMessage~~"/><ref name="~~SovietGambit~~"/> Kennedy reportedly offered to visit Moscow "'to arm Soviet officials with explanations regarding problems of nuclear disarmament so they may be better prepared and more convincing during appearances in the USA'" and to set up U.S. television appearances for Andropov.<ref name="~~SecretMessage~~"/><ref name="~~SovietGambit~~"/>		A 1983 KGB memo indicates that Kennedy engaged in back-channel communication with the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/oct/27/20061027-084248-4386r/\|title=Kennedy-KGB collaboration\|website=washingtontimes.com\|date=2006-10-27\|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/when-democrats-wanted-moscows-political-help/\|title=When Democrats Wanted Moscow's Political Help \| Investor's Business Daily\|date=December 19, 2016\|access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref><ref name="SovietGambit">{{cite web\|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/27/ted-kennedy-soviet-union-ronald-reagan-opinions-columnists-peter-robinson.html#14a424fa359a \|title=Ted Kennedy's Soviet Gambit \|website=forbes.com \|date=2009-08-27 \|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> According to a May 14, 1983, memorandum from [[Chairman of the KGB\|KGB chairman]] [[Viktor Chebrikov]] to general secretary [[Yuri Andropov]], former U.S. Senator [[John V. Tunney\|John Tunney]]—a friend and former college roommate of Kennedy's—visited Moscow that month and conveyed a message from Kennedy to Andropov.<ref name="SovietGambit"/><ref name="times020292"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://archive.org/details/1983KennedyAndropovMemo\|title=1983 Kennedy-Andropov memo (original followed by translation)\|date=May 14, 1983\|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="SecretMessage">{{Cite web\|url=https://timeline.com/teddy-kennedy-used-a-secret-message-to-get-the-russians-to-intervene-in-reagans-1984-re-election-e4d45af01368\|title=Teddy Kennedy used a secret message to get the Russians to intervene in Reagan's 1984 re-election\|first=Allen\|last=McDuffee\|date=July 27, 2017\|website=Timeline}}</ref> The memo indicates that the stated purpose of the communication was to "'root out the threat of nuclear war', 'improve Soviet-American relations' and 'define the safety of the world'".<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Chebrikov wrote that Kennedy was "'very troubled by the current state of Soviet-American relations'" and believed that the "'only real threats to Reagan [were] problems of war and peace and Soviet-American relations'".<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Chebrikov added that those issues, "'according to the senator, will without a doubt become the most important of the [1984] election campaign'".<ref name="SovietGambit"/><ref name="SecretMessage"/> Kennedy reportedly offered to visit Moscow "'to arm Soviet officials with explanations regarding problems of nuclear disarmament so they may be better prepared and more convincing during appearances in the USA'" and to set up U.S. television appearances for Andropov.<ref name="SovietGambit"/><ref name="SecretMessage"/>

	Chebrikov also noted "a little-hidden secret that [Kennedy] intended to run for president in 1988 and that the Democratic Party 'may officially turn to him to lead the fight against the Republicans' in 1984 — turning the proposal from one purely about international cooperation to one tinged with personal political aspiration."<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Andropov was unimpressed by Kennedy's overtures.<ref name="times020292">{{cite news \|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/19401082/Teddy-the-KGB-and-the-Top-Secret-File-Tim-Sabastian-the-Sunday-Times-Feb-2-1992 \|title=Teddy, the KGB and the top secret file \|author=Sebastian, Tim \|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] \|date=February 2, 1992 \|author-link=Tim Sebastian \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510030402/http://www.scribd.com/doc/19401082/Teddy-the-KGB-and-the-Top-Secret-File-Tim-Sabastian-the-Sunday-Times-Feb-2-1992 \|archive-date=May 10, 2015 }}</ref> After the Chebrikov memo was unearthed, both Tunney and a Kennedy spokesperson denied that it was true.<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Former Reagan administration negotiator Max Kampelman has asserted that Kennedy did engage in back-channel communications with the Soviet Union, but added that he "'learned that the senator never acted or received information without informing the appropriate United States agency or official'". Kenneth Adelman, a deputy ambassador to the United Nations under Reagan, has asserted that the Reagan administration knew of back-channel communications between various senators and the Soviet Union and were unconcerned about the practice.<ref name="SecretMessage"/>		Chebrikov also noted "a little-hidden secret that [Kennedy] intended to run for president in 1988 and that the Democratic Party 'may officially turn to him to lead the fight against the Republicans' in 1984 — turning the proposal from one purely about international cooperation to one tinged with personal political aspiration."<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Andropov was unimpressed by Kennedy's overtures.<ref name="times020292">{{cite news \|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/19401082/Teddy-the-KGB-and-the-Top-Secret-File-Tim-Sabastian-the-Sunday-Times-Feb-2-1992 \|title=Teddy, the KGB and the top secret file \|author=Sebastian, Tim \|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] \|date=February 2, 1992 \|author-link=Tim Sebastian \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510030402/http://www.scribd.com/doc/19401082/Teddy-the-KGB-and-the-Top-Secret-File-Tim-Sabastian-the-Sunday-Times-Feb-2-1992 \|archive-date=May 10, 2015 }}</ref> After the Chebrikov memo was unearthed, both Tunney and a Kennedy spokesperson denied that it was true.<ref name="SecretMessage"/> Former Reagan administration negotiator Max Kampelman has asserted that Kennedy did engage in back-channel communications with the Soviet Union, but added that he "'learned that the senator never acted or received information without informing the appropriate United States agency or official'". Kenneth Adelman, a deputy ambassador to the United Nations under Reagan, has asserted that the Reagan administration knew of back-channel communications between various senators and the Soviet Union and were unconcerned about the practice.<ref name="SecretMessage"/>

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