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	==See also==		==See also==
	{{stack\|~~{{Portal\|India\|Energy\|Nuclear technology}}~~}}		{{stack\|}}
	{{Commons category\|Tarapur Atomic Power Station}}		{{Commons category\|Tarapur Atomic Power Station}}
	* [[Nuclear power in India]]		* [[Nuclear power in India]]

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{{Short description|First nuclear power station built in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox power station
|name = Tarapur ←→Atomic Power Station
|image = Glimpses of the Unit III dome and the project site of Tarapur Atomic Power Project (TAPP) near Mumbai.jpg
|image_caption = Unit 3 of Tarapur Atomic Power Station
| coordinates = {{coord|19|49|44.33|N|72|39|40.34|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]], [[Maharashtra]]
| status = Operational
|operator = [[NPCIL|Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]
|construction_began = 1961
|commissioned = 28 October 1969
|decommissioned =
|np_reactor_type = Units 1 & 2: [[GE BWR|BWR-1]]<br/>Units 3 & 4: [[IPHWR#IPHWR-540|IPHWR-540]]
|np_reactor_supplier = Units 1 & 2: [[General Electric|GE]]<br/>Units 3 & 4: [[NPCIL]]
|ps_cooling_source = [[Arabian Sea]]
|ps_cooling_towers =
|ps_units_operational = 2 × 160 MW <br/> 2 × 540 MW
|ps_units_uc =
|ps_units_decommissioned =
|ps_electrical_capacity = 1400
|ps_annual_generation = 4,829
|ps_electrical_cap_fac = 39.4%
|website =
}}

'''Tarapur Atomic Power Station''' ('''T.A.P.S.''') is located in [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]], [[Palghar]], India. It was the first commercial nuclear power station built in India.<ref>[https://www.iaea.org/pris/ PRIS- Power Reactor Information System]</ref>

==History==

Tarapur Atomic Power Station was constructed initially with two [[boiling water reactor]] (BWR) units under the 1963 [[123 Agreement]] between India, the [[United States]], and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)]]. It was built for the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] by [[General Electric|GE]] and [[Bechtel]]. Units 1 and 2 were brought online for commercial operation on 28 October 1969 with an initial power of 210 [[Megawatt|MW]] of electricity. Later on this was reduced to 160 MW due to technical difficulties.<ref name="NPCIL Active Plants">{{cite web|url=http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ProjectOperationDisplay.aspx?ReactorID=73|title=Plants Under Operation - Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited|access-date=20 April 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126101727/http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ProjectOperationDisplay.aspx?ReactorID=73|archive-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> These were the first of their kind in Asia.

More recently, an additional two [[pressurised heavy water reactor]] (PHWR) units of 540 MW each were constructed by [[BHEL]], [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]] and [[Gammon India]], seven months ahead of schedule and well within the original cost estimates. Unit 3 was brought online for commercial operation on 18 August 2006, and unit 4 on 12 September 2005.<ref name="NPCIL Active Plants"/>

The facility is operated by the NPCIL ([[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]).

The personnel operating the power plant live in a residential complex called T. A. P. S. colony, {{coord|19.816|72.743|type:landmark_scale:10000_region:IN}} which is a fifteen-minute drive from [[Boisar]], the nearest railway station. The residential complex was also constructed by Bechtel to house both Indian and American employees. Due to this, the residential complex had a very Indian small-town look, with neat sidewalks, spacious houses, a club with tennis courts, swimming pool, a commissary etc. While the original American residents have long gone, the colony continues to thrive.

In 1974 after India conducted [[Smiling Buddha]], its first [[nuclear weapons test]] the West chose to no longer honour its agreement to supply the plant with [[enriched uranium]]. [[Nuclear fuel]] for TAPS has subsequently been delivered from [[France]], [[China]] and [[Russia]] under [[IAEA safeguards]].<ref name=nti>{{cite web|url= http://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/77/ |title= Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) |work= [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] |date= 2003-09-01 |access-date= 2017-02-18}}</ref>

The residential colony now features 3 central schools run under [[Atomic Energy Education Society]] (AEES). The local beach at [[Chinchani]] is approximately {{convert|7|km|mi}} from the colony.

== Units ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Unit !! Type !! Gross MW !! Construction start !! Operation start !! Notes
|-
|colspan="6" align="center"| Phase I
|-
| Tarapur 1 || [[GE BWR|BWR-1]] || 160 || 1 October 1964 || 28 October 1969
| <ref>{{cite web | url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=285 | title= Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TARAPUR-1 |date= 11 February 2020 |work= Power Reactor Information System |publisher= [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) | access-date= 11 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Tarapur 2 || [[GE BWR|BWR-1]] || 160 || 1 October 1964 || 28 October 1969
| <ref>{{cite web | url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=296 | title= Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TARAPUR-2 |date= 11 February 2020 |work= PRIS |publisher= (IAEA) | access-date= 11 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|colspan="6" align="center"| Phase II
|-
| Tarapur 3 || IPHWR-540 || 540 || 12 May 2000 || 18 August 2006
| <ref>{{cite web | url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=300 | title= Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TARAPUR-3 |date= 11 February 2020 |work= PRIS |publisher= (IAEA) | access-date= 11 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Tarapur 4 || IPHWR-540 || 540 || 8 March 2000 || 12 September 2005
| <ref>{{cite web | url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=301 | title= Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TARAPUR-4 |date= 11 February 2020 |work= PRIS |publisher= (IAEA) | access-date= 11 February 2020 }}</ref>
|}

==Incidents==
During the maintenance of TAPS-1, a blast occurred which damaged the chimney. TAPS-2 was subsequently shut down to avoid any potential issues, completely shutting down the power generation capability of Phase-1 of TAPS in January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/blast-in-palghars-tarapur-atomic-power-station/articleshow/73733525.cms|title=No power generation at Tarapur phase I plant after blas cause damage to chimney|publisher=MumbaiMirror|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>

==Safety concerns==
The Boiling water reactors (BWRs) at Tarapur 1 and 2 units are similar to the reactors involved in the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]. The reactors' age and old design have raised safety concerns and according to one local leader, the two reactors had in 2011 already been in operation for 16 years more than their design lives.<ref name=BBC1>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13205060|title=Fears rise in India of Fukushima-style nuclear disaster|work=[[BBC News]]|first= Julian |last= O'Halloran |date= 2011-04-27 |access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref>

In 2007, [[Atomic Energy Regulatory Board|Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)]] evaluated seismic safety features at Tarapur 1 and 2 and reported many shortfalls, following which NPCIL installed seismic sensors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/news/29447150_1_aerb-department-of-atomic-energy-atomic-energy-regulatory-board|title=Atomic Energy Regulatory Board not quite subatomic|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> In 2011, AERB formed a 10-member committee, consisting of experts from [[Indian Institutes of Technology|Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)]] and [[India Meteorological Department|India Meteorological Department (IMD)]], to assess the vulnerability of the Tarapur to earthquakes and tsunamis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/aerb-committee-forms-subgroup-to-carry-tarapur-plant-audit/651393.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421003721/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/aerb-committee-forms-subgroup-to-carry-tarapur-plant-audit/651393.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2011|title=AERB committee forms sub-group to carry Tarapur plant audit|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> A. Gopalakrishnan, former director of AERB, said that Tarapur 1 and 2 reactors are much older than the reactors involved in the Fukushima nuclear accident and argued that they should be immediately decommissioned.<ref>[http://expressbuzz.com/cities/hyderabad/doubts-raised-on-tarapur-nuclear-plant%E2%80%99s-safety/265212.html Doubts raised on Tarapur nuclear plant’s safety] {{Dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|India|Energy|Nuclear technology}}}}
{{Commons category|Tarapur Atomic Power Station}}
* [[Nuclear power in India]]
* [[Template:India nuke plant map]]
* [[List of nuclear reactors#India|List of Indian Nuclear Reactors]]

{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{Power Plants of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations using boiling water reactors]]
[[Category:Heavy water reactors]]
[[Category:Palghar district]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Tarapur Atomic Power Station - Revision history

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