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{{use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{technical|date=December 2015}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Tapa Gaccha''' is the largest [[Gaccha]] (monastic order) of [[Svetambara]] [[Jainism]].

== History ==
Tapa Gaccha was founded by Acharya Jagatchandra Suri in [[Vikram Samvat]] 1285 (1228 AD). He was given the title of "Tapa" (i.e., the meditative one) by the ruler of [[Mewar]]. This title was applied to the group.<ref name="University2001">{{cite book|author=John E. Cort|title=Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India: Religious Values and Ideology in India|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=PZk-4HOMzsoC|page=42}}|access-date=6 August 2014|date=22 March 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803037-9|pages=42–46}}</ref>

Under [[Vijayanandsuri]]'s leadership and other monks, Shwetambara Murtipujak Conference was established in 1893 which reformed mendicant as well as lay religious practices. As a result of this reform, most Shwetambara Jain monks today belong to Tapa Gaccha.<ref name="University2001"/>

Today, the majority of its followers live in states such as [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[West Bengal]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=von Glasenapp|first1=Helmnuth|title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=WzEzXDk0v6sC|page=389}}|page=389}}</ref>

===Denominations===
Later Tapa Gachha is followed by 21 different ''samuday'' or orders. The sects follow different rituals but they do not have differences about scriptures.<ref name="University2001" />

Some of these differences include ''Tithi'' (calendar date), veneration of gurus, pilgrimage of [[Palitana temples]] during monsoon and ''Santikaram'' (a religious text) chanting on Chaturdasi (14th day in each half of month in [[Jain calendar]]).<ref name="University2001" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/07/31/stories/14312133.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812011401/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/07/31/stories/14312133.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 12, 2014|title=HC order on Jains' worship|place=Mumbai|agency=PTI|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=July 30, 2000}}</ref><ref name="Berger2010">{{cite book|author=Peter Berger|title=The Anthropology of Values: Essays in Honour of Georg Pfeffer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qSt8YyRKr0wC&pg=PA336|access-date=9 August 2014|year=2010|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2820-8|pages=336–337}}</ref>

Till the time of Nemisuri, there was a unity in Tapa Gachcha because of lack of proper knowledge about Tithi decision. [[Ramchandrasuri]] of [[Prem Suri]] follows his guru and corrected tithi decision which was followed by other three groups(Samudaay) of Jain Monks. ''<nowiki/>'Be Tithi Paksh''' with the view that religious ritual ''Tithi'' can be omitted or held more than one time in the religious calendar. In 1935, on [[Samvatsari]], the last day of [[Paryushan]], Ramchandrasuri order observed it on a different day.<ref name="Berger2010" /> This became a sectarian issue and tapa gachcha separated into new ''Be Tithi Paksh'' or 'two date fraction' and existing ''Ek Tithi Paksh'' or 'one date fraction'. [[Anandji Kalyanji Trust]], which manages 1200 Jain temples, unsuccessfully attempted several times to resolve the issue. In 1986, Bhuvanbhanu suri order formally separated from Premsuri order and Ramchandra suri followed for two more years then stuck to Right decision of Tithi.<ref name="Berger2010" />

Other distinguishing factors include veneration of gurus using ''Vasakshep'' (a [[sandalwood]] powder used for worship) between these two fractions. ''Be tithi'' fraction believe that Guru or Acharya should be venerated by ''Navangi Guru Poojan'', spreading powder on nine points of body while ''Ek tithi'' fraction believe that it should be spread on one point of body, ''Akangi Guru Poojan''. Both fractions differ on pilgrimage of [[Palitana temples]] on mount Shatrunjay by lay persons during monsoon.<ref name="Berger2010"/>

==See also==
* [[Tristutik Gaccha]]
* [[Kharatara Gaccha]]
* [[Jain schools and branches]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link=John E. Cort |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC |year=2001 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-803037-9 }}
*{{cite book|last=Jain|first=Kailash Chand|title=Jainism in Rajasthan|year=1963|publisher=[[Gulabchand Hirachand Doshi]]}}
*{{cite web|title=The religious leaders of Jain s and their ladder or leadership|url=http://www.jainuniversity.org/PDFs/eng-lib/1.7.pdf}}
*{{cite book|last=Jain|first=Babulal|title=Samagra Jain Chaturmas Suchi|year=2006|publisher=Ujjawal Prakashan Kandivali|location=Mumbai}}

{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism topics}}

[[Category:Śvētāmbara sects]]
[[Category:1229 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:13th-century establishments in India]]

Tapa Gaccha - Revision history

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