->Rsjaffe: /* top */clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1942-1950 → 1942–1950

2021-09-08T21:12:27Z

top: clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1942-1950 → 1942–1950

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	{{Use Indian English\|date=October 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=October 2015}}
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	The '''Tanka movement''' was a militant agrarian struggle on behalf of the [[Hajong language\|Hajong]] [[adivasi\|tribal]] people in [[Mymensingh District]], [[East Bengal]] (initially in [[India]], later [[East Pakistan]]) ~~1942-1950~~. The movement was parallel, but distinct from, the [[Tebhaga movement]] in other parts of [[Bengal]]. The Hajong movement was inspired by the struggles of [[Moni Singh]].<ref name="frog">Bal, Ellen. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JahG6Is2VboC They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh]''. IIAS/ISEAS series on Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007. p. 176</ref><ref name="me"/><ref name="bo">Schendel, Willem van. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KqTIhTWuAXcC The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia]''. London: Anthem Press, 2005. pp. 99-100, 260</ref>		The '''Tanka movement''' was a militant agrarian struggle on behalf of the [[Hajong language\|Hajong]] [[adivasi\|tribal]] people in [[Mymensingh District]], [[East Bengal]] (initially in [[India]], later [[East Pakistan]]) 1942–1950. The movement was parallel, but distinct from, the [[Tebhaga movement]] in other parts of [[Bengal]]. The Hajong movement was inspired by the struggles of [[Moni Singh]].<ref name="frog">Bal, Ellen. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JahG6Is2VboC They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh]''. IIAS/ISEAS series on Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007. p. 176</ref><ref name="me"/><ref name="bo">Schendel, Willem van. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KqTIhTWuAXcC The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia]''. London: Anthem Press, 2005. pp. 99-100, 260</ref>

	Bengali communist cadres had arrived in the Hajong areas in the 1930s, and helped to organise the Hajong peasants. During the period of 1942 and 1945, Hajong sharecroppers organized in the [[All India Kisan Sabha\|Kisan Sabha]] struggled against feudal domination of Bengali Hindu landlords. There was a severe crackdown against the movement in 1946. The Hajong then turned to guerrilla struggles. By the time of independence of Pakistan, the Hajong guerrillas operating along the Indo-Pakistani border were well organised.<ref name="bo"/><ref>Sarkar, Sumit. Beyond ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XaDVarGyzZsC Nationalist Frames: Postmodernism, Hindu Fundamentalism, History]''. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana University Press, 2002. p. 237</ref>		Bengali communist cadres had arrived in the Hajong areas in the 1930s, and helped to organise the Hajong peasants. During the period of 1942 and 1945, Hajong sharecroppers organized in the [[All India Kisan Sabha\|Kisan Sabha]] struggled against feudal domination of Bengali Hindu landlords. There was a severe crackdown against the movement in 1946. The Hajong then turned to guerrilla struggles. By the time of independence of Pakistan, the Hajong guerrillas operating along the Indo-Pakistani border were well organised.<ref name="bo"/><ref>Sarkar, Sumit. Beyond ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XaDVarGyzZsC Nationalist Frames: Postmodernism, Hindu Fundamentalism, History]''. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana University Press, 2002. p. 237</ref>

	Hajong armed communist rebels captured control over a number of villages and set up their own administration there. The Hajong rebels were led by Lulit Surkuhr Hajong and Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong.<ref name="me"/> After being confronted by the [[Pakistani Army]], the rebels built up a base in [[Baghmara, India\|Baghmara]], [[Garo Hills]] on the [[India]]n side of the border. For some time they conducted frequent cross-border raids against Pakistani police parties. Additional Pakistani police forces were sent to the area, patrolling the entire border area of the Mymensingh District.<ref name="me">Sen Gupta, Susmita. ''[https://books.google.com.bo/books?id=I0Knt3WOIrQC Radical Politics in Meghalaya: Problems and Prospects]''. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. pp. 48-49</ref><ref name="bo"/>		Hajong armed communist rebels captured control over a number of villages and set up their own administration there. The Hajong rebels were led by Lulit Surkuhr Hajong and Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong.<ref name="me"/> After being confronted by the [[Pakistani Army]], the rebels built up a base in [[Baghmara, India\|Baghmara]], [[Garo Hills]] on the [[India]]n side of the border. For some time they conducted frequent cross-border raids against Pakistani police parties. Additional Pakistani police forces were sent to the area, patrolling the entire border area of the Mymensingh District.<ref name="me">Sen Gupta, Susmita. ''[https://books.google.com.bo/books?id=I0Knt3WOIrQC Radical Politics in Meghalaya: Problems and Prospects]''. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. pp. 48-49</ref><ref name="bo"/>

	The Pakistani state forces conducted a violent campaign of repression against the Hajong people, and most Hajongs left Pakistan for India.<ref name="bo"/> Pakistani authorities claimed that "almost all" of the Hajong refugees were communist sympathizers, a claim that was used to motivate the expropriation of their households and lands. These lands were sold to [[Bengali Muslims\|Bengali Muslim]] refugees from India at low rates.<ref name="frog"/><ref name="bo"/>		The Pakistani state forces conducted a violent campaign of repression against the Hajong people, and most Hajongs left Pakistan for India.<ref name="bo"/> Pakistani authorities claimed that "almost all" of the Hajong refugees were communist sympathizers, a claim that was used to motivate the expropriation of their households and lands. These lands were sold to [[Bengali Muslims\|Bengali Muslim]] refugees from India at low rates.<ref name="frog"/><ref name="bo"/>

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2016-10-23T13:21:49Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
The '''Tanka movement''' was a militant agrarian struggle on behalf of the [[Hajong language|Hajong]] [[adivasi|tribal]] people in [[Mymensingh District]], [[East Bengal]] (initially in [[India]], later [[East Pakistan]]) 1942-1950. The movement was parallel, but distinct from, the [[Tebhaga movement]] in other parts of [[Bengal]]. The Hajong movement was inspired by the struggles of [[Moni Singh]].<ref name="frog">Bal, Ellen. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JahG6Is2VboC They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh]''. IIAS/ISEAS series on Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007. p. 176</ref><ref name="me"/><ref name="bo">Schendel, Willem van. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KqTIhTWuAXcC The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia]''. London: Anthem Press, 2005. pp. 99-100, 260</ref>

Bengali communist cadres had arrived in the Hajong areas in the 1930s, and helped to organise the Hajong peasants. During the period of 1942 and 1945, Hajong sharecroppers organized in the [[All India Kisan Sabha|Kisan Sabha]] struggled against feudal domination of Bengali Hindu landlords. There was a severe crackdown against the movement in 1946. The Hajong then turned to guerrilla struggles. By the time of independence of Pakistan, the Hajong guerrillas operating along the Indo-Pakistani border were well organised.<ref name="bo"/><ref>Sarkar, Sumit. Beyond ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XaDVarGyzZsC Nationalist Frames: Postmodernism, Hindu Fundamentalism, History]''. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana University Press, 2002. p. 237</ref>

Hajong armed communist rebels captured control over a number of villages and set up their own administration there. The Hajong rebels were led by Lulit Surkuhr Hajong and Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong.<ref name="me"/> After being confronted by the [[Pakistani Army]], the rebels built up a base in [[Baghmara, India|Baghmara]], [[Garo Hills]] on the [[India]]n side of the border. For some time they conducted frequent cross-border raids against Pakistani police parties. Additional Pakistani police forces were sent to the area, patrolling the entire border area of the Mymensingh District.<ref name="me">Sen Gupta, Susmita. ''[https://books.google.com.bo/books?id=I0Knt3WOIrQC Radical Politics in Meghalaya: Problems and Prospects]''. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. pp. 48-49</ref><ref name="bo"/>

The Pakistani state forces conducted a violent campaign of repression against the Hajong people, and most Hajongs left Pakistan for India.<ref name="bo"/> Pakistani authorities claimed that "almost all" of the Hajong refugees were communist sympathizers, a claim that was used to motivate the expropriation of their households and lands. These lands were sold to [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] refugees from India at low rates.<ref name="frog"/><ref name="bo"/>

The rebels eventually settled down permanently in India. Lulit Surkuhr Hajong founded a branch of the [[Communist Party of India]] in the Garo Hills, whilst Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong founded a branch of the same party in the [[Khasi Hills]] along with Ruh'imohon Hajong and Chondromohan Hajong.<ref name="me"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India]]
[[Category:Mymensingh District]]
[[Category:Rebellions in Asia]]
[[Category:Debt bondage in South Asia]]
[[Category:Mymensingh]]

Tanka movement - Revision history

->Rsjaffe: /* top */clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1942-1950 → 1942–1950

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