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{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma and India}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Tangsa
|nativename={{Script|Tnsa|𖪰𖩵𖪂𖪫𖩸}}
|states=[[Burma]], [[India]]
|ethnicity=[[Tangsa people]]
|speakers={{sigfig|108,624|2}}
|ref=e25
|date=2010-2012
|image=Shukla Tangsa.svg
|imagescale= 0.6
|imagecaption= The word 'Gehay' (Dog) in Tangsa script
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Sal languages|Brahmaputran]]
|fam3=[[Konyak languages|Konyak]]
|fam4=Tangsa–Nocte
|dia1= Muklom
|dia2= Pangwa Naga
|dia3= Ponthai
|dia4= Tikhak
|script= Latin alphabet, Tangsa alphabet
|lc1=nst |ld1=Tangsa (multiple varieties)
|lc2=nqq |ld2=Kyan-Karyaw
|lc3=nlq |ld3=Lao Naga
|glotto=tang1379
|glottoname=Tangsa
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special = uncommon [[Unicode]] characters
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Tangsa
| image = Replacement character.svg
| link = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt = <?>
| compact = yes
}}

'''Tangsa''', also known as '''Tase''' and '''Tase Naga''', is a [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] language or [[language cluster]] spoken by the [[Tangsa people]] of [[Burma]] and north-eastern [[India]]. Some varieties, such as Shangge (Shanke<ref>Shintani, Tadahiko. 2015. ''The Shanke language''. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 104. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</ref>), are likely distinct languages. There are about 60,000 speakers in Burma and 40,000 speakers in India. The dialects of Tangsa have disparate levels of lexical similarity, ranging from 35%–97%.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Myanmar |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |archive-date=2016-10-10 |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref>

==Geographical distribution==
Tangsa is spoken in the following locations of [[Myanmar]]:<ref name=e25/>

*[[Hkamti District]], [[Sagaing Division]]: [[Nanyun]], [[Pangsau]], [[Lahe, Burma|Lahe]], and [[Hkamti Township|Hkamti]] townships
*[[Myitkyina District]], [[Kachin State]]: Shinbwiyan and [[Tanai Township|Tanai]] townships

In India, Tangsa is spoken in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Assam]]. Below are locations for some varieties of Tangsa.

*'''Jugli''': Kantang, Longlung, and Rangran villages, central [[Tirap District]], Arunachal (Rekhung 1988)<ref>Rekhung, Winlang. 1988. ''Jugli Language Guide''. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.</ref>
*'''Lungchang''': [[Changlang]], Rangkatu, and Kengkhu villages, eastern [[Tirap District]], Arunachal (Rekhung 1988)<ref>Rekhung, Winlang. 1988. ''Lungchang Language Guide''. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.</ref>
*'''Tutsa''': Sabban area, Changlang Subdivision, western [[Changlang District]] (also in southeastern [[Tirap District]]), Arunachal (Rekhung 1992)<ref>Rekhung, Winlang. 1992. ''Tutsa Language Guide''. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.</ref>
*'''Chamchang (Kimsing)''': Nongtham, Jotinkaikhe, Kharsang, Songking, Injan of Miao subdivision and Nampong-Jairampur-Nampong subdivision of Changlang district. The Chamchang dialect is adopted as a lingua franca by many sub-tribes in [[Sagaing Division]] of Myanmar. In India, [[Nagamese Creole|Nagamese]] or [[Nefamese]] are typically used as a lingua franca. The first complete Bible of the Tangsas has been translated in Chamchang (Kimsing) by the Bible Society of India.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
*'''Mossang''': Neotan Village, Old Plone, New Plone, Songking, Namphainong, Nayang village, Miao area, and Theremkan village, Nampong circle, [[Changlang District]], Arunachal (Rekhung 1999)<ref>Rekhung, Winlang. 1999. ''Mungshang Language Guide''. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.</ref>

''[[Ethnologue]]'' also lists the following languages:<ref name=e25/>
*'''Lao''' Naga (Law, Loh) (ISO 639 ''nlq''): 1,000 speakers (as of 2012) in [[Lahe, Burma|Lahe]] Township. Most similar to Chen-Kayu Naga and the Chuyo and Gakat dialects of Tase Naga.
*'''Chen-Kayu''' Naga (Kyan-Karyaw Naga) (ISO 639 ''nqq''): 9,000 speakers (as of 2012) in 13 villages of [[Lahe, Burma|Lahe]] Township. Dialects are Chen (Kyan) and Kayu (Kahyu, Kaiyaw, Karyaw, Kayaw). Most similar to the Chuyo and Gakat dialects of Tase Naga.

==Dialects==
There are four principal varieties:
* Muklom
* Pangwa Naga
* Ponthai
* Tikhak

===Morey (2017)===
Within Tangsa, the '''Pangwa''' group has about 20 subgroups in India. The Pangwa had migrated from Myanmar to India in the 20th century (Morey 2017). Pangwa subgroups are listed below, with autonyms listed in parentheses, where superscript digits are language-specific tone-marks.<ref name="Morey2017">{{Citation |last=Morey |first=Stephen |title=Tangsa song language - art or history? a common language or a remnant? |date=2011 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34802469 |work=Als2011 Australian Linguistics Society Annual Conference Conference Proceedings}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*Tonglum (autonym: ''cho¹lim¹'', ''ʨolim'', Cholim)
*Langching (autonym: ''lo²cʰaŋ³'', ''loʨʰaŋ'', Lochhang)
*Kimsing (autonym: ''ʨamʨaŋ'', Chamchang)
*Ngaimong (autonym: ''ŋaimɔŋ'')
*Maitai (''maitai''; Motai)
*Ronrang (autonym: ''rɯra'', Rera, Rüra)
*Sangkhe
*Lakkai (Lakki)
*Mossang (Mueshaung)
*Morang (Mungray)
*Hachheng (Hacheng)
*Khalak (Khilak)
*Longri
*Sangwal
*Jogly (Joglei)
*Lungkhe
*Haso
*Dunghi
}}

The '''Tikhak''' group consists of:<ref name="Morey2017" />
*Longchang
*Tikhak
*Nokjah
*Yongkuk
*Kato (currently extinct)

Other subgroups that do not belong to either the Pangwa or Tikhak groups are:<ref name="Morey2017" />
*Moklum
*Ponthai (Nukta)
*Havi (Hawoi)
*Hakhun (''haˀkʰun'')
*Thamphang (''ʨampaŋ'', Champang)
*Thamkok (Chamkok)
*Halang (Hehle)

Besides Pangwa and Tikhak, other Tangsa groups are:<ref>{{Cite book |title=Language and Culture in Northeast India and Beyond: In honor of Robbins Burling |last=Morey |first=Stephen |publisher=Asia-Pacific Linguistics |year=2015 |editor-last=Post |editor-first=Mark |location=Canberra |pages=23–40 |chapter=The internal diversity of Tangsa: vocabulary and morphosyntax |hdl=1885/38458 |isbn=9781922185259 |editor-last2=Konnerth |editor-first2=Linda |editor-last3=Morey |editor-first3=Stephen |editor-last4=Sarmah |editor-first4=Priyankoo |editor-last5=Teo |editor-first5=Amos |display-editors=3 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
*'''Muklom''' (Muklom, Hawoi)
*'''Phong''' (also known as Ponthai)

===Lann (2018)===
Lann (2018:8) classifies the Tangsa language varieties as follows, and recognizes 11 subgroups.<ref>{{harvnb|Lann|2018|p=8}}</ref> IPA transcriptions for dialect names are also provided (Lann 2018:4-6), where superscript digits are language-specific tone-marks.<ref>{{harvnb|Lann|2018|pp=4–6}}</ref>
*'''Upland Pangva''': Shecyü (''ɕe².ȶɯ²''), Chamchang (''ȶəm².ȶəŋ²''), Mungre (''muŋ².ɹe²''), Mueshaungx (''mɯ³.ɕaoŋ³''), Lochang (''lo³.ȶʰaŋ³''), Haqcyeng (''haʔ.ȶeŋ²''), Ngaimong (''ŋaj².moŋ²''), Shangvan (''ɕəŋ².van²''), Joglei (''juk.li²''), Cholim (''ȶo².lim²''), Longri (''loŋ³.ɹi²''), Jöngi (''dʒɵ².ŋi³''), Maitai (''maj³.taj³'')
*'''Eastern Pangva'''
**'''Eastern Pangva A''': Lungkhi (''luŋ².kʰi³''), Khalak (''kʰ.lək''), Gachai (''ɡ.ȶʰaj²'')
**'''Eastern Pangva B''': Rinkhu (''ɹin².kʰu²''), Näkkhi (''nək.kʰi²''), Rasi (''ɹa².si²''), Rasa (''ɹa².sa²''), Rera (''ɹe².ɹa²''), Kochung (''ko².ȶʰuŋ²''), Shokra (''ɕok.ɹa²''), Shangthi (''ɕəŋ².tʰi²''), Shanchin (''ɕan².ȶʰin²''), Khangchin, Khangdu, Lawnyung (''lon².juŋ²''), Yangbaivang (''jəŋ².ban².vəŋ²''), Gaqha (''ɡaʔ.ha²''), Raraq (''ɹa².ɹaʔ''), Raqnu (''ɹaʔ.nu²''), Kotlum (''kot.lum²''), Assen (''a.sen²''), Hasa (''ha².sa³'')
*'''Yungkuk-Tikhak''': Yungkuk (''joŋ².kuk''), Tikhak (''ti².kʰak''), Longchang (''loŋ³.ȶaŋ²''), Muklum (''mok.lum²''), Havi (''ha².vi''), Kato (''ka².to³''), Nukyaq
*'''Ole''': Nahen (''na³.hen³''), Lumnu (''lum².nu³''), Yangno (''jɐŋ².no³''), Kumgaq, Haqpo (''haʔ.po²''), Chamkok (''ȶəm².kok''), Champang (''ȶəm².pəŋ²''), Haqcyum (''haʔ.ȶum''), Tawke (''to².ke³''), Hokuq (''ho³.kuʔ'')
*'''Kon-Pingnan''': Yongkon (''kon³''), Chawang, Nukvuk, Miku (''mi².ku²''), Pingku (''piŋ².ku²''), Nansa (''nan³.sa³'', Nyinshao)
*'''Haqte''': Haqkhii (''haʔ.kʰɤ²''), Haqman (''haʔ.man²''), Bote (''bo.te²''), Lama (''ku³.ku²''), Haqkhun (''haʔ.kʰun²''), [[Nocte language|Nocte]] (''nok.te²''), Phong (''pʰoŋ'', Ponthai), [[Tutsa language|Tutsa]] (''tup.sa³'')
*'''Olo''': Haqsik (''haʔ.tsik''), Lajo (''la².jo²'')
*'''Ola''': Kaishan (''kaj².ɕan³'')
*'''Sandzik''' (''san².ðik'')
*'''Cyokat''': Chuyo (''ȶu³.jo²''), Gaqkat (''ɡ.kaʔ''), [[Wancho language|Wancho]] (''vən³.ȶo²'')
*'''Kunyon''': Kuku (''ku³.ku²''), [[Makyam language|Makyam]] (''poŋ².ɲon³'', Pongnyuan)

Lann (2018:4) lists the Aktung, Angsü-Angsa, Giiyii, Gawngkaq, Khangcyu, Khangdo, Kumgaq, Punlam, Nukyaq, and Vangtak-Vangkaq dialects as being extinct or nearly extinct.<ref>{{harvnb|Lann|2018|p=4}}</ref>

Kaisan is a Northern Naga language variety spoken in several villages (including the village of Kaisan Chálám) in the [[Patkai]] area of [[Sagaing Region]], Myanmar, as well as in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India.<ref>van Dam, Kellen Parker. 2023. ''[https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/activities/a-first-description-of-kaisan-a-north-patkaian-language-on-myanma A first description of Kaisan, a North Patkaian language of Myanmar]''. 26th Himalayan Languages Symposium, 4–6 September 2023. Paris: INALCO.</ref>

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal fricative|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|m
|(n̪)
|n
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
!voiceless
|p
|t̪
|t
|
|k
|ʔ
|-
!aspirated
|pʰ
|t̪ʰ
|tʰ
|
|kʰ
|
|-
!voiced
|b
|
|d
|
|ɡ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate]]
!voiceless
|
|
|t͡s
|t͡ɕ
|
|
|-
!aspirated
|
|
|
|t͡ɕʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!voiceless
|
|
|s
|ʃ
|x
|h
|-
!voiced
| rowspan="2" |β ~ w
|
|
| rowspan="2" |ʒ ~ j
|(ɣ)
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
!central
|
|ɹ
|
|
|-
!lateral
|
|
|l
|
|
|
|}

* Sounds /β/ and /ʒ/ may vary freely between approximant sounds [w] and [j] and their fricative sounds, although the fricative sounds [β, ʒ] are more frequent. /ʒ/ may also be heard as a palatal [ʝ] in the Muklom dialect.
* /x/ is mainly heard in the Muklom, Choglim and Joglei dialects.
* A voiced dental fricative /ð/ may occur in the Ngaimong and Shecyü dialects.
* [ɣ] is only heard as a contrastive sound among some speakers.
* [n̪] may be heard as an allophone of /n/ by some speakers when followed by the diphthong /ɯi/.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Morey |first=Stephen |title=Tangsa |publisher=London: Routledge |year=2017 |edition=2nd |location=In Randy J. LaPolla and Graham Thurgood (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages |pages=350–368}}</ref>
* /ɹ/ may also be heard as [ɹ̠] or [ɻ] in the Muklom dialect.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mulder |first=Mijke |title=A Descriptive Grammar of Muklom Tangsa |publisher=La Trobe University |year=2020}}</ref>

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels in the Mueshaungx dialect
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|i
|
|ɯ
|u
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|e
| rowspan="2" |ə
|ɤ
|o
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|
| colspan="2" |ɔ
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a
| colspan="2" |
|}
There are 12 diphthongs, noted as: /ui/; /ɯi, ɯu/; /əi, əu/; /oi/; /ɔə, ɔəi/; /ɤi, ɤu/; /ai, au/.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels in the Muklom dialect<ref name=":2" />
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|i
|ɨ
| colspan="2" |u, uː
|-
![[Mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|e
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|ɛ
|
|ʌ
|ɔ, ɔː
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a
| colspan="2" |
|}

==Orthography==
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Tangsa
|creator=Lakhum Mossang
|published=1990
|type=[[Alphabet]]
|languages=Tangsa
|iso15924=Tnsa
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U16A70.pdf U+16A70–U+16ACF]
|note=none
}}
In 1990, Mr. Lakhum Mossang from Namphai Nong, Arunachal Pradesh in India created an alphabet for the Tangsa language. He taught the alphabet in public events and festivals, and promoted the script with community organisations and schools. In 2021, there were about 100 people who are using the script.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tangsa Alphabet and Language |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tangsa.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref> The Tangsa Script Development Committee was founded in 2019 and continues development of the script after the passing of Lakhum Mossang in order ensure accommodation to the wide range of Tangsa varieties spoken in the region. The script has not yet gained widespread adoption.

Beyond the use of Lakhum Mossang's script, Tangsa varieties are generally written in the Latin alphabet with multiple different spelling conventions in use. One such Roman orthography is that for Mossang, designed by Reverend Gam Win and used in the Mossang translation of the Bible. Different Roman orthographies are in use among different subtribes, often with considerable variation. These differences tend to follow Christian denominational divisions.

The Gam Win Romanization for Mossang is as follows:

=== Tonal vowels ===
Each vowel of the Tangsa alphabet notes a combination representing one of 11 phonemic base vowels:<ref name="Tangsa Alphabet and Language">{{cite web |title=Tangsa Alphabet and Language |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tangsa.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

{|role="presentation" style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0;background:transparent"
|-
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''o'' || [o]
|-
| ''v'' || [ə]
|-
| ''i'' || [i]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''a'' || [a]
|-
| ''e'' || [e]
|-
| ''u'' || [u]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''aw'' || [ɔ]
|-
|colspan="2" style="border-left:hidden;border-right:hidden"|  
|-
| ''ue / ü'' || [ɤ]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''ui'' || [ɯ]
|-
| ''uiu'' || [ɯu]
|-
| ''m'' || [m̩]
|}
|}

modified by one of four distinctive vocalic tones (noted in Latin transcriptions by trailing consonants appended after the base vowel):

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''-c'' || [˦] ||style="text-align:left"| ''thuic tsanz'' (voice-hard) - mid-high level or rising
|-
| ''-x'' || [˧] ||style="text-align:left"| ''thuic hvlz'' (voice-middle) - mid-high falling
|-
| ''-z'' || [˩] ||style="text-align:left"| ''thuic nyenz'' (voice-soft) - low falling with creaky phonation
|-
| ''-q'' || [ˀ] ||style="text-align:left"| ''thuic htaq'' (voice-break/cut) - short, final glottal stop<ref name="Tangsa Alphabet and Language"/>
|}

As well, the Tangsa alphabet includes a few additional separate letters for distinctive tonal vowels:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''-ng'' || [ŋ] ||style="text-align:left"| (final) - modifier written after the base vowel+tone
|-
| ''awx'' || [ɔ̆˧] ||style="text-align:left"| (short variant) - usually not distinguished in Latin transcriptions
|-
| ''uex'' || [ɤː˧] ||style="text-align:left"| (long variant) - usually not distinguished in Latin transcriptions
|-
| ''uez'' || [ɤ̆˩] ||style="text-align:left"| (short variant) - usually not distinguished in Latin transcriptions
|}

=== Consonants ===
Unlike Brahmic-derived abugidas most often used for languages in India and Burma, the 31 consonants of the Tangsa alphabet (used to write Sino-Tibetan languages and not Brahmic-based languages) don't carry any inherent vowel:<ref name="Tangsa Alphabet and Language"/>

{|role="presentation" style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0;background:transparent"
|-
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''k'' || [k]
|-
| ''kh'' || [kʰ]
|-
| ''g'' || [g]
|-
| ''ng'' || [ŋ]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''s'' || [s]
|-
| ''y'' || [j]
|-
| ''w'' || [w]
|-
| ''p'' || [p]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''ny'' || [ɲ]
|-
| ''ph'' || [pʰ]
|-
| ''b'' || [b]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''m'' || [m]
|-
| ''n'' || [n]
|-
| ''h'' || [h]
|-
| ''l'' || [l]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''ht'' || [tʰ]
|-
| ''t'' || [t]
|-
| ''d'' || [d]
|-
| ''r'' || [r]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''nh'' || [n̪]
|-
| ''sh'' || [ʃ]
|-
| ''c'' || [t͡ɕ]
|-
| ''ts'' || [t͡s]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''gh'' || [ɣ]
|-
| ''htt'' || [t̪ʰ]
|-
| ''th'' || [t̪]
|-
| ''x'' || [x]
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| ''f'' || [f]
|-
| ''dh'' || [d̪]
|-
| ''ch'' || [t͡ɕʰ]
|-
| ''z'' || [z]
|}
|}

=== Unicode ===
{{Main|Tangsa (Unicode block)}}
The Tangsa alphabet was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in September, 2021 with the release of version 14.0.

The Unicode block for Tangsa is U+16A70–U+16ACF. The 48 base vowels (with tones) are encoded in U+16A70–U+16A9F, the 31 base consonants are encoded in U+16AA0–U+16ABE, and ten decimal digits are encoded in U+16AC0–U+16AC9:

{{Unicode chart Tangsa}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Lann |first=Khan |title=A Phonological Comparison of Shecyü and Mungre and its Contribution to a Common Tangshang Naga Orthography |date=2018 |degree=Master's |location=Chiang Mai |publisher=Payap University |url=https://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Khan_Lann_MA_Thesis.pdf }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Boro |first=Krishna |title=A Grammar of Hakhun Tangsa |date=2017 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of Oregon |hdl=1794/22739 |hdl-access=free }}

==External links==
*[http://sealang.net/assam/ Tai and Tibeto-Burman Languages of Assam] (SEAlang.net)
*[http://sealang.net/chamchang Chamchang (Kimsing) online dictionary] (SEAlang.net)
*[http://sealang.net/cholim Cholim (Tonglum) online dictionary] (SEAlang.net)
*[http://sealang.net/joglei Joglei (Yugli) online dictionary] (SEAlang.net)
*[http://sealang.net/mueshaungx Mueshaungx (Mossang) online dictionary] (SEAlang.net)
*[https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home/blog/konyak-naga Classifying Konyak and other Naga languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009124537/https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home/blog/konyak-naga |date=2020-10-09 }}
*[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21027r-tangsa.pdf A Unicode chart about the Tangsa alphabet]
*[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13231-intro-mossang-tangsa.pdf Another Unicode chart about the Tangsa alphabet]
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/tangsa.htm Tangsa at Omniglot]

{{Sal languages}}
{{Languages of Burma}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sal languages]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Myanmar]]

Tangsa language - Revision history

Tirucochi: new post