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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 26 May 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=August 2020}}		{{EngvarB\|date=August 2020}}
	'''Tanglish''' ({{lang-ta\|தமிங்கிலம்}}) is ~~mixings~~ of the [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] and [[English language\|English]] languages.		'''Tanglish''' ({{lang-ta\|தமிங்கிலம்}}) is the mixing or [[code-switching]] of the [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] and [[English language\|English]] languages.

	The name is a [[portmanteau]] of the names of the two languages and has been variously composed. The earliest form is ''Tamilish'' (dating from 1972), then ''Tinglish'' (1974), ''Tamglish'' (1991), ''Tamlish'' (1993), ''Thanglish'' (1997), and ''Tanglish'' (1999).<ref>Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 31-32. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam</ref>		The name is a [[portmanteau]] of the names of the two languages and has been variously composed. The earliest form is ''Tamilish'' (dating from 1972), then ''Tinglish'' (1974), ''Tamglish'' (1991), ''Tamlish'' (1993), ''Thanglish'' (1997), and ''Tanglish'' (1999).<ref>Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 31-32. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam</ref>
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	Tanglish is increasingly used in advertising aimed at consumers in [[Tamil Nadu]], particularly for promotion of international products.<ref name=HinduKonjam>{{citation \|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193116/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=16 April 2014\| title=Konjam Tamil Konjam English \|last=Rangarajan\| first=Malathi \|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=21 February 2004}}</ref> For example, [[Pepsi]] has mixed English with Tamil in its slogan "ullam kekkuthae more".<ref>{{cite book\|editor=Hasuria Che Omar\|title=The Sustainability of the Translation Field\|date=2009 \|isbn=978-983-42179-6-9 \|page=459}}</ref> In 2004, ''The Hindu'' commented on a mobile phone advertising campaign in Chennai that used slogans that combined Tamil and English, such as "Konjam Samaiyal... Konjam Serial", "Konjam Advice... Konjam Udaans", and "Konjam Kadhal... Konjam Modhal."<ref name=HinduKonjam/> It also is common for advertising to use the Tamil language rendered in the [[English alphabet]], a trend that leads to concern that people are losing the ability to read [[Tamil script]].<ref name=HinduKonjam/>		Tanglish is increasingly used in advertising aimed at consumers in [[Tamil Nadu]], particularly for promotion of international products.<ref name=HinduKonjam>{{citation \|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193116/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=16 April 2014\| title=Konjam Tamil Konjam English \|last=Rangarajan\| first=Malathi \|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=21 February 2004}}</ref> For example, [[Pepsi]] has mixed English with Tamil in its slogan "ullam kekkuthae more".<ref>{{cite book\|editor=Hasuria Che Omar\|title=The Sustainability of the Translation Field\|date=2009 \|isbn=978-983-42179-6-9 \|page=459}}</ref> In 2004, ''The Hindu'' commented on a mobile phone advertising campaign in Chennai that used slogans that combined Tamil and English, such as "Konjam Samaiyal... Konjam Serial", "Konjam Advice... Konjam Udaans", and "Konjam Kadhal... Konjam Modhal."<ref name=HinduKonjam/> It also is common for advertising to use the Tamil language rendered in the [[English alphabet]], a trend that leads to concern that people are losing the ability to read [[Tamil script]].<ref name=HinduKonjam/>

	The Tanglish lyrics of the film song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]", which went viral on Internet social networking sites in November 2011, have been identified as a factor in the song's popularity.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006153710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=6 October 2013\|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]\| title = Dhanush: Never expected 'Kolaveri di' to become such a rage \|date= 29 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2650957.ece \| title=Why this ~~‘Why~~ this ~~Kolaveri’~~? \| newspaper= The Hindu \| date= 23 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|publisher=[[British Council]]\|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/ten-surprising-expressions-indian-english\|title=Ten surprising expressions in Indian English\|author=Steven Baker\|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>		The Tanglish lyrics of the film song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]", which went viral on Internet social networking sites in November 2011, have been identified as a factor in the song's popularity.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006153710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=6 October 2013\|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]\| title = Dhanush: Never expected 'Kolaveri di' to become such a rage \|date= 29 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2650957.ece \| title=Why this 'Why this Kolaveri'? \| newspaper= The Hindu \| date= 23 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|publisher=[[British Council]]\|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/ten-surprising-expressions-indian-english\|title=Ten surprising expressions in Indian English\|author=Steven Baker\|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>

	===Tamil diasporas===		===Tamil diasporas===
	Use of Tanglish~~, or [[code-switching]] between Tamil and English,~~ has been reported among Tamil-speaking immigrant populations in [[Malaysia]] and [[Canada]], particularly by young people.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/2/nation/9617920&sec=nation \|title=~~Penang’s~~ link with ocean made waves \|last=Vinesh \|first=Derrick \|newspaper=The Star \|date=2 October 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208175811/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F10%2F2%2Fnation%2F9617920&sec=nation \|archive-date=8 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Between text and talk: Expertise, normativity, and scales of belonging in the Montreal Tamil diasporas \| last=Das \|first=Sonja Neela \|type=Dissertation \|publisher=University of Michigan \| date=2008 \|isbn=978-0-549-98093-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugM709btsrgC}}</ref> [[Singapore\|Singaporean]] rapper [[Yung Raja]] is known for his extensive use of Tanglish in his lyrics.<ref>https://www.femalemag.com.sg/gallery/culture/yung-raja-rap-tamil-english-singapore-music-america-universal/</ref>		Use of Tanglish has been reported among Tamil-speaking immigrant populations in [[Malaysia]] and [[Canada]], particularly by young people.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/2/nation/9617920&sec=nation \|title=Penang's link with ocean made waves \|last=Vinesh \|first=Derrick \|newspaper=The Star \|date=2 October 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208175811/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F10%2F2%2Fnation%2F9617920&sec=nation \|archive-date=8 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Between text and talk: Expertise, normativity, and scales of belonging in the Montreal Tamil diasporas \| last=Das \|first=Sonja Neela \|type=Dissertation \|publisher=University of Michigan \| date=2008 \|isbn=978-0-549-98093-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugM709btsrgC}}</ref> [[Singapore\|Singaporean]] rapper [[Yung Raja]] is known for his extensive use of Tanglish in his lyrics.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.femalemag.com.sg/gallery/culture/yung-raja-rap-tamil-english-singapore-music-america-universal/ \|title = Yung Raja Is Bringing His Brand Of "Tanglish" Rap To America}}</ref>

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	A study of code switching in everyday speech in Tamil Nadu found that English words are commonly inserted into sentences that otherwise follow Tamil [[syntax]].<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/>		A study of code switching in everyday speech in Tamil Nadu found that English words are commonly inserted into sentences that otherwise follow Tamil [[syntax]].<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/>

	A characteristic of Tanglish or Tamil-English code-switching is the addition of Tamil affixes to English words.<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> The sound "u" is added at the end of an English [[noun]] to create a Tamil noun form, as in "sound''u''" and the words "girl-u heart-u black-u" in the lyrics of "Why This Kolaveri Di".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009>{{cite journal \|url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf \|journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture \|title=Tamil-English Mixed Language Used in Tamilnadu \|first=K. \|last=Kanthimathi \|issue=27 \|pages=48–53 \|year=2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617075649/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf \|archive-date=2012-06-17 }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/28/why-this-kolaveri-di_n_1117726.html \|work=Huffington Post \| date=28 November 2011 \| title= 'Why This Kolaveri Di': India's Latest Viral Hit \|last=Rao \| first=Mallika }}</ref> English [[noun]]s often are combined with Tamil [[case (grammar)\|case]] markers, as in "journey''ai''", "driver''kku''" ([[dative case]], used to mean "for the driver"), and "teacher''~~oda~~''". [[Verb]]s and some nouns from the English language are converted to Tamil verb forms by adding Tamil verbalizers that indicate [[verb tense]]. For example, the Tamil "''~~paNNu~~''" is added to the English verb "drive", resulting in "drive ''~~paNNu~~''", used to mean "do the driving".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> Another pattern that has been noted by speakers or observers of Tanglish is the addition of the syllable "fy" at the end of a Tamil word (e.g., ''~~maati~~''fy, ''Kalaachi''fy).<ref name=EnterTang/><ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1841gs_pandiyanaadu-making-of-fy-fy-fy-kalaachify-song_music Music composed by D.Imman "Fy Fy Fy Kalaachify" by Remya Nambeesan from "Pandiya Naadu" Tamil Movie]</ref>		A characteristic of Tanglish or Tamil-English code-switching is the addition of Tamil affixes to English words.<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> The sound "u" is added at the end of an English [[noun]] to create a Tamil noun form, as in "sound''u''" and the words "girl-u heart-u black-u" in the lyrics of "Why This Kolaveri Di".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009>{{cite journal \|url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf \|journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture \|title=Tamil-English Mixed Language Used in Tamilnadu \|first=K. \|last=Kanthimathi \|issue=27 \|pages=48–53 \|year=2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617075649/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf \|archive-date=2012-06-17 }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/28/why-this-kolaveri-di_n_1117726.html \|work=Huffington Post \| date=28 November 2011 \| title= 'Why This Kolaveri Di': India's Latest Viral Hit \|last=Rao \| first=Mallika }}</ref> English [[noun]]s often are combined with Tamil [[case (grammar)\|case]] markers, as in "journey''ai''" ([[accusative case]]), "driver''kku''" ([[dative case]], used to mean "for the driver"), and "teacher''oṭa''" (of the teacher, [[genitive case]]). [[Verb]]s and some nouns from the English language are converted to Tamil verb forms by adding Tamil verbalizers that indicate [[verb tense]]. For example, the Tamil verb "''paṇṇu''" is added to the English verb "drive", resulting in "drive ''paṇṇu''", used to mean "do the driving".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> Another pattern that has been noted by speakers or observers of Tanglish is the addition of the syllable "fy" at the end of a Tamil word (e.g., ''maatti''fy, ''Kalaachi''fy).<ref name=EnterTang/><ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1841gs_pandiyanaadu-making-of-fy-fy-fy-kalaachify-song_music Music composed by D.Imman "Fy Fy Fy Kalaachify" by Remya Nambeesan from "Pandiya Naadu" Tamil Movie]</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>Jpatokal: /* Tamil diasporas */

2021-08-31T00:21:00Z

Tamil diasporas

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{{short description|Mixing of Tamil and English languages}}
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Taglish]], [[Tenglish]], or [[Tinglish]], macaronic languages of English with Tagalog, Telugu, and Thai, respectively.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
'''Tanglish''' ({{lang-ta|தமிங்கிலம்}}) is mixings of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]] languages.

The name is a [[portmanteau]] of the names of the two languages and has been variously composed. The earliest form is ''Tamilish'' (dating from 1972), then ''Tinglish'' (1974), ''Tamglish'' (1991), ''Tamlish'' (1993), ''Thanglish'' (1997), and ''Tanglish'' (1999).<ref>Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 31-32. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam</ref>

==Distribution==

===Tamil Nadu===
The use of Tanglish has been common in [[Chennai]], possibly due in part to the use of English in education. Also, the influx to the city of speakers of other languages (such as [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Kannada]]) has increased the importance of English as the language that people have in common.<ref name=TanglishRulesTheRoost>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2010/06/21&ID=Ar00202 |work=The Times Of India Chennai |date=21 June 2010 |page=2 |title=Tanglish rules the roost in Tamil Nadu |first=R |last=Vasundara}}</ref> In ''The Hindu'' in 2010, a student in Chennai told of the widespread use of Tanglish by teenagers in her city. She said Tanglish was "something almost every teenager in Chennai uses", but noted that her mother said Tanglish was "murdering the [Tamil] language".<ref name=EnterTang>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/Enter-Tanglish/article16371444.ece | title = Enter, Tanglish |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Narayanan |first=Hiranmayi |date=21 April 2010 | access-date=18 August 2020 }}</ref> That same year, a Tamil teacher in a matriculation school in Chennai reported that few of her students had a large enough Tamil [[vocabulary]] to be able to speak Tamil without including some words of English.<ref name=TanglishRulesTheRoost/>

Tanglish is increasingly used in advertising aimed at consumers in [[Tamil Nadu]], particularly for promotion of international products.<ref name=HinduKonjam>{{citation |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193116/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2014| title=Konjam Tamil Konjam English |last=Rangarajan| first=Malathi |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 February 2004}}</ref> For example, [[Pepsi]] has mixed English with Tamil in its slogan "ullam kekkuthae more".<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hasuria Che Omar|title=The Sustainability of the Translation Field|date=2009 |isbn=978-983-42179-6-9 |page=459}}</ref> In 2004, ''The Hindu'' commented on a mobile phone advertising campaign in Chennai that used slogans that combined Tamil and English, such as "Konjam Samaiyal... Konjam Serial", "Konjam Advice... Konjam Udaans", and "Konjam Kadhal... Konjam Modhal."<ref name=HinduKonjam/> It also is common for advertising to use the Tamil language rendered in the [[English alphabet]], a trend that leads to concern that people are losing the ability to read [[Tamil script]].<ref name=HinduKonjam/>

The Tanglish lyrics of the film song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]", which went viral on Internet social networking sites in November 2011, have been identified as a factor in the song's popularity.<ref>{{citation |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006153710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| title = Dhanush: Never expected 'Kolaveri di' to become such a rage |date= 29 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2650957.ece | title=Why this ‘Why this Kolaveri’? | newspaper= The Hindu | date= 23 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=[[British Council]]|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/ten-surprising-expressions-indian-english|title=Ten surprising expressions in Indian English|author=Steven Baker|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>

===Tamil diasporas===
Use of Tanglish, or [[code-switching]] between Tamil and English, has been reported among Tamil-speaking immigrant populations in [[Malaysia]] and [[Canada]], particularly by young people.<ref>{{citation |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/2/nation/9617920&sec=nation |title=Penang’s link with ocean made waves |last=Vinesh |first=Derrick |newspaper=The Star |date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208175811/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F10%2F2%2Fnation%2F9617920&sec=nation |archive-date=8 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Between text and talk: Expertise, normativity, and scales of belonging in the Montreal Tamil diasporas | last=Das |first=Sonja Neela |type=Dissertation |publisher=University of Michigan | date=2008 |isbn=978-0-549-98093-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugM709btsrgC}}</ref> [[Singapore|Singaporean]] rapper [[Yung Raja]] is known for his extensive use of Tanglish in his lyrics.<ref>https://www.femalemag.com.sg/gallery/culture/yung-raja-rap-tamil-english-singapore-music-america-universal/</ref>

==Characteristics==
A study of code switching in everyday speech in Tamil Nadu found that English words are commonly inserted into sentences that otherwise follow Tamil [[syntax]].<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/>

A characteristic of Tanglish or Tamil-English code-switching is the addition of Tamil affixes to English words.<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> The sound "u" is added at the end of an English [[noun]] to create a Tamil noun form, as in "sound''u''" and the words "girl-u heart-u black-u" in the lyrics of "Why This Kolaveri Di".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009>{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |title=Tamil-English Mixed Language Used in Tamilnadu |first=K. |last=Kanthimathi |issue=27 |pages=48–53 |year=2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617075649/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf |archive-date=2012-06-17 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/28/why-this-kolaveri-di_n_1117726.html |work=Huffington Post | date=28 November 2011 | title= 'Why This Kolaveri Di': India's Latest Viral Hit |last=Rao | first=Mallika }}</ref> English [[noun]]s often are combined with Tamil [[case (grammar)|case]] markers, as in "journey''ai''", "driver''kku''" ([[dative case]], used to mean "for the driver"), and "teacher''oda''". [[Verb]]s and some nouns from the English language are converted to Tamil verb forms by adding Tamil verbalizers that indicate [[verb tense]]. For example, the Tamil "''paNNu''" is added to the English verb "drive", resulting in "drive ''paNNu''", used to mean "do the driving".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> Another pattern that has been noted by speakers or observers of Tanglish is the addition of the syllable "fy" at the end of a Tamil word (e.g., ''maati''fy, ''Kalaachi''fy).<ref name=EnterTang/><ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1841gs_pandiyanaadu-making-of-fy-fy-fy-kalaachify-song_music Music composed by D.Imman "Fy Fy Fy Kalaachify" by Remya Nambeesan from "Pandiya Naadu" Tamil Movie]</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|Tanglish}}
* [[Indian English]]
* [[Regional differences and dialects in Indian English]]
* [[Madras Bashai]], a related, but distinct, language variant, a slang form of Tamil used in [[Chennai]] that is a blend of Tamil with [[Indian English]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{interlanguage varieties}}

[[Category:Macaronic forms of English]]
[[Category:Tamil language]]