https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Tangkhul_language
Tangkhul language - Revision history
2026-10-26T05:54:54Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.43.6
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangkhul_language&diff=270074&oldid=prev
->Fdom5997: /* Phonology */ bracketing
2021-11-01T00:11:52Z
<p><span class="autocomment">Phonology: </span> bracketing</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Tangkhul <br />
|nativename=''Luhupa''<br />
|states=[[India]]<br />
|region=[[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]]<br />
|ethnicity=[[Tangkhul Naga]]<br />
|speakers={{sigfig|672,000|2}} including [[Khangoi language|Khangoi]]<br />
|date=2019<br />
|ref=e18<br />
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan<br />
|fam2=[[Tangkhul languages|Tangkhulic]]<br />
|dia1=Ukhrul<br />
|dia2=Kupome (Luhupa)<br />
|dia3=Phadang<br />
|iso3=nmf<br />
|glotto=tang1336<br />
|glottorefname=East-Central Tangkhul Naga<br />
|script=[[Latin script]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tangkhul''' (Tangkhul Naga) is a [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language]] of the [[Tangkhul languages|Tangkhulic branch]]. It is spoken in 168 villages of [[Ukhrul district]], [[Manipur]], India, with speakers scattered in [[Nagaland]] and [[Tripura]] as well.<br />
<br />
Within [[Ukhrul district]], [[Manipur]], Tangkhul is spoken in the villages of [[Hundung]], [[Shiroi]], [[Langdang]], [[Lamlang Gate]], [[Litan]], [[Yangangpokpi]], and other locations (Arokianathan 1995).<br />
<br />
Tangkhul is not close to other [[Naga languages]]. It is a [[dialect continuum]], in which speakers from neighboring villages may be able to understand each other, but a dialect farther north or south will be less easily understood, if at all. The ''[[lingua franca]]'' is the Hunphun ([[Ukhrul]]) dialect. Languages in the northern villages of [[chingjaroi]], [[Razai, Ukhrul|razai]] , [[jessami]] and soraphung have languages under the [[Angami–Pochuri languages|Angami]]-[[Angami–Pochuri languages|pochuri]] group of languages. <br />
<br />
The language [[dialect]] spoken by the people of Hunphun (the traditional name of Ukhrul) became the most common dialect among the Tangkhuls because the British set up their administration in Ukhrul. The American Baptist missionary Rev. [[William Pettigrew (missionary)|William Pettigrew]] translated the Bible into the Hunphun dialect.<br />
<br />
== Phonology ==<br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]<br />
![[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br>dental]]<br />
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
![[Glottal fricative|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Plosive]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|p<br />
|<br />
|t<br />
|<br />
|k<br />
|ʔ<br />
|-<br />
!<small>aspirated</small><br />
|pʰ<br />
|<br />
|tʰ<br />
|<br />
|kʰ<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Affricate]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|tʃ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|<br />
|f<br />
|s<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|h<br />
|-<br />
!<small>nasalized</small><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|s̃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!<small>voiced</small><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|z<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|m<br />
|<br />
|n<br />
|<br />
|ŋ<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|r<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|l<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br />
|w<br />
|ʋ<br />
|<br />
|j<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Stop sounds /p t tʃ k/ may have voiced allophones [b d dʒ ɡ] in free variation.<br />
* /m/ may be heard as [ɱ] when preceding /f/ or /ʋ/.<br />
* /r/ can be heard as [r] or [ɾ] in free variation.<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!<br />
![[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
![[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
![[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Close vowel|Close]]<br />
|i<br />
|ɨ<br />
|u<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|e<br />
|ə<br />
|o<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Open vowel|Open]]<br />
|a<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* /i e a u/ can have allophone sounds of [ɪ ɛ ɐ ɯ] in free variation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahum|first=Victor|title=Tangkhul-Naga grammar: a study of word formation|publisher=New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University|year=1997}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Burma}}<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tangkhulic languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Nagaland]]</div>
->Fdom5997