Tangail Airdrop - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 15 December 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2020~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2022}}
	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	\|conflict=Tangail airdrop		\|conflict=Tangail airdrop
	\|image=		\|image=
	\|caption=		\|caption=
	\|partof=the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]		\|partof=the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
	\|date=11 December 1971		\|date=11 December 1971
	\|place= [[Tangail District\|Tangail]], [[East Pakistan]]		\|place= [[Tangail District\|Tangail]], [[East Pakistan]]
	\|result=Indian victory		\|result=Indian victory
Line 12:		Line 12:
	\|combatant1={{flag\|India}}		\|combatant1={{flag\|India}}
	\|combatant2={{flag\|Pakistan}}		\|combatant2={{flag\|Pakistan}}
	\|commander1={{flagicon\|India}} [[Kulwant Singh Pannu\|Lt Col K.S. Pannu]]		\|commander1={{flagicon\|India}} [[Kulwant Singh Pannu\|Lt Col K.S. Pannu]]
	\|commander2={{flagicon\|Pakistan}} Brig. Abdul Qadir Khan		\|commander2={{flagicon\|Pakistan}} Brig. Abdul Qadir Khan
	\|units1= {{army\|India}} [[Para Commandos (India)\|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]]<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry\|1 Maratha LI]]<br>[[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)\|49 Parachute Field Battery]]		\|units1= {{army\|India}} [[Para Commandos (India)\|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]]<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry\|1 Maratha LI]]<br>[[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)\|49 Parachute Field Battery]]
	\|units2=[[Pakistani Army]] 93rd Brigade		\|units2=[[Pakistani Army]] 93rd Brigade
	\|strength1= [[Para (Special Forces)\|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]] – 1000 PARA SF.<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry\|1 Maratha LI]] – Strength unknown		\|strength1= [[Para (Special Forces)\|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]] – 1000 PARA SF.<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry\|1 Maratha LI]] – Strength unknown
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	[[File:বাংলাদেশের সামরিক (১৯৬৭-১৯৭১) পরিকল্পনা.png\|thumb\|240px\|Pakistani Eastern Command plan for the defence of East Pakistan from 1967 to 1971 (generic representation—some unit locations not shown.]]		[[File:বাংলাদেশের সামরিক (১৯৬৭-১৯৭১) পরিকল্পনা.png\|thumb\|240px\|Pakistani Eastern Command plan for the defence of East Pakistan from 1967 to 1971 (generic representation—some unit locations not shown.]]

	The '''Tangail Airdrop''' was a successful [[battalion]]-size [[Para Commandos (India)]] operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the [[Parachute Regiment (India)#Units\|2nd Battalion (Special Operations)]] (2 PARA) of the [[Indian Army]]'s [[Parachute Regiment (India)\|Parachute Regiment]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] for the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|liberation of Bangladesh]]. The main objective of the operation was the capture of [[Bangabandhu Bridge\|Poongli Bridge]] on the [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)\|Jamuna River]] which would cut off the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army\|Pakistani 93rd Brigade]] which was retreating from [[Mymensingh#History\|Mymensingh]] in the north to defend the capital of [[East Pakistan]], [[Dhaka\|Dacca]], and its approaches. The [[paratroop]] unit was also tasked to link up with the advancing [[Maratha Light Infantry]] on the ground to advance towards the East Pakistani capital.<ref name=MajGenSharma1>[https://theprint.in/opinion/in-1971-bangladesh-war-i-gave-pakistan-lt-gen-letter-to-surrender/333068/ As a young captain in 1971 Bangladesh war, I gave ~~Pakistan’s~~ Lt-Gen the letter to surrender, My battalion in the Air Force, 2 PARA, was the first troops to enter ‘Dacca’ after ~~Pakistan’s~~ defeat.], LT GEN NIRBHAY SHARMA (RETD), [[ThePrint]], 11 December 2019.</ref>		The '''Tangail Airdrop''' was a successful [[battalion]]-size [[Para Commandos (India)]] operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the [[Parachute Regiment (India)#Units\|2nd Battalion (Special Operations)]] (2 PARA) of the [[Indian Army]]'s [[Parachute Regiment (India)\|Parachute Regiment]] and the [[No. 49 Squadron IAF\|49 Squadron]] of the Indian Air Force during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] for the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|liberation of Bangladesh]]. The main objective of the operation was the capture of [[Bangabandhu Bridge\|Poongli Bridge]] on the [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)\|Jamuna River]] which would cut off the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army\|Pakistani 93rd Brigade]] which was retreating from [[Mymensingh#History\|Mymensingh]] in the north to defend the capital of [[East Pakistan]], [[Dhaka\|Dacca]], and its approaches. The [[paratroop]] unit was also tasked to link up with the advancing [[Maratha Light Infantry]] on the ground to advance towards the East Pakistani capital.<ref name=MajGenSharma1>[https://theprint.in/opinion/in-1971-bangladesh-war-i-gave-pakistan-lt-gen-letter-to-surrender/333068/ As a young captain in 1971 Bangladesh war, I gave Pakistan's Lt-Gen the letter to surrender, My battalion in the Air Force, 2 PARA, was the first troops to enter ‘Dacca’ after Pakistan's defeat.], LT GEN NIRBHAY SHARMA (RETD), [[ThePrint]], 11 December 2019.</ref>

	==Operation==		==Operation==
	===Para drop===		===Para drop===
	A [[battalion]] of [[Para Commandos (India)]] led by ~~Lt Col~~ [[Kulwant Singh Pannu]] was reinforced by an artillery battery of [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)\|17 Para Field Regiment]], an engineering detachment, an ADS, a surgical team and other administrative troops from 50th (Indep) Parachute Brigade. Tasked to cut off the retreat of the Pakistani troops from the north towards [[Dacca]], the unit touched ground at ~~4:30pm~~ and ~~were~~ greeted by a jubilant crowd of local people, with some even helping the troops carry their packs and [[ammunition]]. The drop was dispersed over a wide area, but the Paras regrouped quickly and commenced their attack. By ~~7.00pm~~ they had captured their main objective, cutting off the Pakistani 93 Brigade retreating from the north. Link-up with 1 ~~Maratha LI~~ was established after the Marathas broke through at Tangail Road and reached the [[bridgehead]] that very evening. The Pakistanis, attempting to retake the bridge rushed the Indian positions that evening, however, were repulsed.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>		A [[battalion]] of [[Para Commandos (India)]] led by Lieutenant Colonel [[Kulwant Singh Pannu]] was reinforced by an artillery battery of [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)\|17 Para Field Regiment]], an engineering detachment, an ADS, a surgical team and other administrative troops from the [[50th Parachute Brigade (India)\|50th (Indep) Parachute Brigade]]. Tasked to cut off the retreat of the Pakistani troops from the north towards [[Dacca]], the unit touched ground at 1630 hours and was greeted by a jubilant crowd of local people, with some even helping the troops carry their packs and [[ammunition]]. The drop was dispersed over a wide area, but the Paras regrouped quickly and commenced their attack. By 1900 hours, they had captured their main objective, cutting off the Pakistani 93 Brigade retreating from the north. Link-up with 1st battalion, The [[Maratha Light Infantry]] (1 MLI) was established after the Marathas broke through at Tangail Road and reached the [[bridgehead]] that very evening. The Pakistanis, attempting to retake the bridge rushed the Indian positions that evening, however, were repulsed.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

	The Tangail Airdrop operation involved [[Antonov An-12\|An-12]], [[C-119]]s, 2 [[De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou\|Caribous]] and [[Douglas DC-3\|Dakotas]] from 11 sqn and 48 Sqn. The [[Indian Air Force\|IAF]] also carried out [[feint]] drops using dummies dropped from Caribou aircraft to hide the true location and extent of the operation. The only hitch was a Hangup from the lead Dakota. One Paratrooper had a static line hangup, who, after carrying out emergency procedures, was dropped safely about 50 miles away.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>		The Tangail Airdrop operation involved [[Antonov An-12\|An-12]], [[C-119]]s, 2 [[De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou\|Caribous]] and [[Douglas DC-3\|Dakotas]] from [[No. 11 Squadron IAF\|11 sqn]] and [[No. 48 Squadron IAF\|48 Sqn]]. [[No. 49 Squadron IAF\|49 Squadron]] 'the Paraspears', of the Indian Air Force was instrumental in raising and training the 'Kilo' flight of the Mukti Bahini. It was also the Paraspears who led the famed DELTA ORANGE formation of the Tangail drop which dropped troops of the 2 Para regiment which was a vital element in achieving the liberation of Bangladesh. The [[Indian Air Force\|IAF]] also carried out [[feint]] drops using dummies dropped from Caribou aircraft to hide the true location and extent of the operation. The only hitch was a Hangup from the lead Dakota. One Paratrooper had a static line hangup, who, after carrying out emergency procedures, was dropped safely about 50 miles away.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

	===Pakistani war crimes===		===Pakistani war crimes===
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	Indian Army which took over the Poongli Bridge from the Pakistani Army was ''"shocked"'' at ''"the sight of mutilated bodies of women, whom the Pakistani troops had killed just before fleeing from Poongli Bridge."''<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>		Indian Army which took over the Poongli Bridge from the Pakistani Army was ''"shocked"'' at ''"the sight of mutilated bodies of women, whom the Pakistani troops had killed just before fleeing from Poongli Bridge."''<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

	During the larger war there were [[1971 Bangladesh genocide\|widespread killings and other atrocities by the Pakistani Army]] – including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights began with the start of [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces\|Pakistani military]] and supporting [[militia]]s ([[Razakar (Pakistan)\|Razakar]]) killed estimated between 300,000<ref name="BBC">{{cite web \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201\|title=Bangladesh war: The article that changed history – Asia \|publisher=BBC \|date=25 March 2010}}</ref> to 3,000,000 people and raped 200,000–400,000 [[Bangladeshis\|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn\|Sharlach\|2000\|pp=92–93}}{{sfn\|Sajjad\|2012\|p=225}}<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century]''</ref>		==Aftermath==

	==Aftermath ==
	The Tangail Airdrop and the subsequent capture of the Poongli bridge gave the advancing [[Indian Army]], assisted by [[Kader Bahini]], the maneuverability to side-step the strongly held Tongi-Dacca Road to take the undefended [[Manikganj District\|Manikganj]]-Dacca Road right up to Mirpur Bridge at the gates of Dacca (Dhaka).		The Tangail Airdrop and the subsequent capture of the Poongli bridge gave the advancing [[Indian Army]], assisted by [[Kader Bahini]], the maneuverability to side-step the strongly held Tongi-Dacca Road to take the undefended [[Manikganj District\|Manikganj]]-Dacca Road right up to Mirpur Bridge at the gates of Dacca (Dhaka).

	Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the [[Indian Army]] and India's local ally [[Mukti Bahini]] on 16 December 1971.<ref name="Team">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.ssbtosuccess.com/vijay-diwas-16th-december/\|title=Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December\|last=Team\|first=Editorial\|date=2017-12-17\|work=SSBToSuccess\|access-date=2017-12-18\|language=en-US}}</ref> This day and event is commemorated as the [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)\|Bijoy Dibos]] ({{lang-bn\|বিজয় দিবস}}) in Bangladesh and [[Vijay Diwas (India)\|Vijay Diwas]] in India.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us \|title=About us \|website=Liberation War Museum \|access-date=21 November 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013543/http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us \|archive-date=8 November 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Team"/>		Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the [[Indian Army]] and India's local ally [[Mukti Bahini]] on 16 December 1971.<ref name="Team">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.ssbtosuccess.com/vijay-diwas-16th-december/\|title=Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December\|last=Team\|first=Editorial\|date=2017-12-17\|work=SSBToSuccess\|access-date=2017-12-18\|language=en-US}}</ref>

	==Battle ~~Awards~~==		==Battle awards==
	Indian commander [[Kulwant Singh Pannu\|Lt Col Kulwant Singh]] was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra\|MVC]] for his leadership in battle. The ~~2Paras~~ were subsequently the first Indian forces to enter Dacca. For this and their role in Capture of the strategic bridge, the Paras received battle honour for Poongli Bridge and theatre honours for Dacca.{{~~fact~~\|date=August ~~2020~~}}		Indian commander [[Kulwant Singh Pannu\|Lt Col Kulwant Singh]] was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra\|MVC]] for his leadership in battle. The 2 Paras were subsequently the first Indian forces to enter Dacca. For this and their role in Capture of the strategic bridge, the Paras received battle honour for Poongli Bridge and theatre honours for Dacca.{{citation needed\|date=August 2022}}

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	~~==Sources==~~
	*{{cite book\|last=Sajjad\|first=Tazreena\|title=Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide\|year=2012\|publisher=Transaction\|isbn=978-1412847599\|pages=219–248\|edition=Reprint\|editor=Samuel Totten\|chapter=The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women}}
	*{{cite journal\|last=Sharlach\|first=Lisa\|title=Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda\|journal=New Political Science\|year=2000\|volume=1\|issue=22\|doi=10.1080/713687893\|pages=89–102\|s2cid=144966485}}

	{{Bangladesh Liberation War}}		{{Bangladesh Liberation War}}
	{{1971 Indo-Pak War}}		{{1971 Indo-Pak War}}

	{{Military of Pakistan}}		{{Military of Pakistan}}

	{{coord missing\|Pakistan}}		{{coord missing\|Pakistan}}
	~~{{Military units}}~~

	[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars]]		[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars]]

imported>Historicamatic: it was called Dacca back then

2021-07-10T04:56:47Z

it was called Dacca back then

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Tangail airdrop
|image=
|caption=
|partof=the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
|date=11 December 1971
|place= [[Tangail District|Tangail]], [[East Pakistan]]
|result=Indian victory
* [[Para Commandos (India)|2nd Parachute Battalion]] of the [[Indian Army]] captures Poongli Bridge on the [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)|River Jamuna]], gaining access to the undefended [[Manikganj District|Manikganj]]-Dacca Road.
* 93 Brigade of the [[Pakistani Army]] cut off from retreating and regrouping at Dacca
|combatant1={{flag|India}}
|combatant2={{flag|Pakistan}}
|commander1={{flagicon|India}} [[Kulwant Singh Pannu|Lt Col K.S. Pannu]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Abdul Qadir Khan
|units1= {{army|India}} [[Para Commandos (India)|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]]<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry|1 Maratha LI]]<br>[[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)|49 Parachute Field Battery]]
|units2=[[Pakistani Army]] 93rd Brigade
|strength1= [[Para (Special Forces)|Indian 2nd Parachute Battalion]] – 1000 PARA SF.<br>[[Maratha Light Infantry|1 Maratha LI]] – Strength unknown
|strength2= Unknown
|casualties1=Unknown
|casualties2=Unknown
}}

{{Campaignbox Bangladesh Liberation War}}

{{army units}}

[[File:বাংলাদেশের সামরিক (১৯৬৭-১৯৭১) পরিকল্পনা.png|thumb|240px|Pakistani Eastern Command plan for the defence of East Pakistan from 1967 to 1971 (generic representation—some unit locations not shown.]]

The '''Tangail Airdrop''' was a successful [[battalion]]-size [[Para Commandos (India)]] operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the [[Parachute Regiment (India)#Units|2nd Battalion (Special Operations)]] (2 PARA) of the [[Indian Army]]'s [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] for the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|liberation of Bangladesh]]. The main objective of the operation was the capture of [[Bangabandhu Bridge|Poongli Bridge]] on the [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)|Jamuna River]] which would cut off the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|Pakistani 93rd Brigade]] which was retreating from [[Mymensingh#History|Mymensingh]] in the north to defend the capital of [[East Pakistan]], [[Dhaka|Dacca]], and its approaches. The [[paratroop]] unit was also tasked to link up with the advancing [[Maratha Light Infantry]] on the ground to advance towards the East Pakistani capital.<ref name=MajGenSharma1>[https://theprint.in/opinion/in-1971-bangladesh-war-i-gave-pakistan-lt-gen-letter-to-surrender/333068/ As a young captain in 1971 Bangladesh war, I gave Pakistan’s Lt-Gen the letter to surrender, My battalion in the Air Force, 2 PARA, was the first troops to enter ‘Dacca’ after Pakistan’s defeat.], LT GEN NIRBHAY SHARMA (RETD), [[ThePrint]], 11 December 2019.</ref>

==Operation==
===Para drop===
A [[battalion]] of [[Para Commandos (India)]] led by Lt Col [[Kulwant Singh Pannu]] was reinforced by an artillery battery of [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila & Poongli Bridge)|17 Para Field Regiment]], an engineering detachment, an ADS, a surgical team and other administrative troops from 50th (Indep) Parachute Brigade. Tasked to cut off the retreat of the Pakistani troops from the north towards [[Dacca]], the unit touched ground at 4:30pm and were greeted by a jubilant crowd of local people, with some even helping the troops carry their packs and [[ammunition]]. The drop was dispersed over a wide area, but the Paras regrouped quickly and commenced their attack. By 7.00pm they had captured their main objective, cutting off the Pakistani 93 Brigade retreating from the north. Link-up with 1 Maratha LI was established after the Marathas broke through at Tangail Road and reached the [[bridgehead]] that very evening. The Pakistanis, attempting to retake the bridge rushed the Indian positions that evening, however, were repulsed.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

The Tangail Airdrop operation involved [[Antonov An-12|An-12]], [[C-119]]s, 2 [[De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou|Caribous]] and [[Douglas DC-3|Dakotas]] from 11 sqn and 48 Sqn. The [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] also carried out [[feint]] drops using dummies dropped from Caribou aircraft to hide the true location and extent of the operation. The only hitch was a Hangup from the lead Dakota. One Paratrooper had a static line hangup, who, after carrying out emergency procedures, was dropped safely about 50 miles away.<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

===Pakistani war crimes===
{{main|1971 Bangladesh genocide }}

Indian Army which took over the Poongli Bridge from the Pakistani Army was ''"shocked"'' at ''"the sight of mutilated bodies of women, whom the Pakistani troops had killed just before fleeing from Poongli Bridge."''<ref name=MajGenSharma1/>

During the larger war there were [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|widespread killings and other atrocities by the Pakistani Army]] – including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights began with the start of [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani military]] and supporting [[militia]]s ([[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakar]]) killed estimated between 300,000<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201|title=Bangladesh war: The article that changed history – Asia |publisher=BBC |date=25 March 2010}}</ref> to 3,000,000 people and raped 200,000–400,000 [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn|Sharlach|2000|pp=92–93}}{{sfn|Sajjad|2012|p=225}}<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century]''</ref>

==Aftermath ==
The Tangail Airdrop and the subsequent capture of the Poongli bridge gave the advancing [[Indian Army]], assisted by [[Kader Bahini]], the maneuverability to side-step the strongly held Tongi-Dacca Road to take the undefended [[Manikganj District|Manikganj]]-Dacca Road right up to Mirpur Bridge at the gates of Dacca (Dhaka).

Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the [[Indian Army]] and India's local ally [[Mukti Bahini]] on 16 December 1971.<ref name="Team">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ssbtosuccess.com/vijay-diwas-16th-december/|title=Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December|last=Team|first=Editorial|date=2017-12-17|work=SSBToSuccess|access-date=2017-12-18|language=en-US}}</ref> This day and event is commemorated as the [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|Bijoy Dibos]] ({{lang-bn|বিজয় দিবস}}) in Bangladesh and [[Vijay Diwas (India)|Vijay Diwas]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |title=About us |website=Liberation War Museum |access-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013543/http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |archive-date=8 November 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Team"/>

==Battle Awards==
Indian commander [[Kulwant Singh Pannu|Lt Col Kulwant Singh]] was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]] for his leadership in battle. The 2Paras were subsequently the first Indian forces to enter Dacca. For this and their role in Capture of the strategic bridge, the Paras received battle honour for Poongli Bridge and theatre honours for Dacca.{{fact|date=August 2020}}

==See also==
* [[Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Mitro Bahini order of battle]]
* [[Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971]]
* [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Sajjad|first=Tazreena|title=Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide|year=2012|publisher=Transaction|isbn=978-1412847599|pages=219–248|edition=Reprint|editor=Samuel Totten|chapter=The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women}}
*{{cite journal|last=Sharlach|first=Lisa|title=Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda|journal=New Political Science|year=2000|volume=1|issue=22|doi=10.1080/713687893|pages=89–102|s2cid=144966485}}

{{Bangladesh Liberation War}}
{{1971 Indo-Pak War}}

{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{coord missing|Pakistan}}
{{Military units}}

[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars]]
[[Category:Battles of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:1971 in India]]
[[Category:1971 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Aerial operations and battles involving India]]
[[Category:December 1971 events in Asia]]