imported>Chandan Guha: /* Agriculture */

2021-08-15T08:01:14Z

Agriculture

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tandwa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.8552|N|85.0309|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|CD block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Tandwa
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 455.21
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 447
| population_total = 126,119
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825321 (Tandwa)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06551
| registration_plate = JH 13
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Simaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Simaria]]
| website = {{URL|chatra.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tandwa''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Simaria subdivision]] of the [[Chatra district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], India.

==Overview==
Chatra district forms a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Hazaribagh plateau|Upper Hazaribagh Plateau]], [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Koderma plateau|Lower Hazaribagh Plateau]] and northern [[Escarpment|scarp]]. Located at an elevation of about {{convert|450|m|ft|0}}, the general slope of the district is from north to south. Red [[laterite]] acidic soil predominates in an area that is primarily dependent upon rain-fed agriculture. Around 60% of the district is covered with forests. The district has a population density of 275 persons per km2. Around two-thirds of the families in the district live [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]].<ref name="blocks">{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html | title = Chatra - the official website | work = Blocks, Circles & Panchayats – List of villages under Panchayats | publisher = Chatra district authority | access-date = 9 August 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160627231221/http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html | archive-date = 27 June 2016 }}</ref> In the extreme south of the district some portions of Tandwa CD Block are part of [[North Karanpura Coalfield]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm | title = The North Karanpura Coalfields | work = Jharkhand | publisher = sinclair-environmental | access-date = 10 August 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.is/20150516093809/http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm | archive-date = 16 May 2015 }}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Chatra was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state. 5 persons were killed in Chatra district in 2012, but Maoist activities, such as arms training camps and organisation of ‘Jan Adalats’ ([[kangaroo court]]s) were on the decline.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 10 August 2016}}</ref>

{{As of|2016}}, Chatra was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf |title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher= Eenadu India, 14 June 2016 | access-date = 10 August 2016}}</ref>

==History==
===Cave paintings===
There are interesting pre-historic cave paintings in Saraiya and Thetangi villages in Tandwa CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/history/chatra.htm | title= Chatra|publisher= Jharkhand Tourism | access-date = 13 August 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
Tandwa is located at {{coord|23.8552|N|85.0309|E|format=dms}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|508|m}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Tandwa.html | title = Tandwa, India Page | access-date = 29 November 2015 | publisher = Fallingrain Genomics}}</ref>

Tandwa CD block is bounded by [[Simaria Block|Simaria]] CD block in the north, [[Keredari (community development block)|Keredari]] CD block, in [[Hazaribagh district]], in the east, Khelari CD block, in [[Ranchi district]], in the south and [[Balumath (community development block)|Balumath]] CD block, in [[Latehar district]], in the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg | title = Chatra | work = CD block/Tehsil Map | publisher = Chatra district administration | access-date = 9 August 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103928/http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg | archive-date = 20 December 2016 }}</ref>

Tandwa CD block has an area of 455.21 km2.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2002_PART_B_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = Chatra District Census Handbook, |work = Census of India 2011, Page 26 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 17 August 2016}}</ref>[[Tandwa#Police station|Tandwa]] and [[Piparwar, Chatra#Police station|Piparwar]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/chatra | title= District Police Profile – Chatra | work= Contact Number |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Tandwa CD block is at [[Tandwa]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ff4d5fbbafdf976cfdc032e3bde78de5/uploads/2017/06/2018030936.jpg | title= Administrative Boundary Map, Chatra District, Jharkhand|publisher= Chatra district administration| access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref>

There are 19 panchayats and 96 villages in Tandwa CD block.<ref name="blocks"/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Tandwa CD block/ panchayat samiti are: Padumpur, Dhangada, Misraul, Nawada alias Teliadih, Kabra, Pokla alias Kasiadih, Koyad, Saradhu, Gadilog, Tandwa, Raham, Bargano, Dahu, Benti, Kalyapur, Bahera, Kichto, Bachara I (North) and Bachara II (South).<ref name="blocks"/>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Tandwa CD block had a total population of 126,319, of which 113,350 were rural and 12,969 were urban. There were 65,141 (52%) males and 53,016 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 21,938. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 30,104 (23.87%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 20,330 (16.12%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref>

Tandwa village had a population of 6,475 in 2011.<ref name=census2011/>

[[Bachra]] is a [[census town]] in Tandwa CD block with a population of 12,969 in 2011.<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literate persons in Tandwa CD block was 65,367 (62.74% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 39,132 (72.60% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 26,235 (42.89% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 29.71%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Chatra district was 60.18%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/search.php?cx=partner-pub-0612465356921996%3A9964620645&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Chatra&sa=Search&siteurl=www.census2011.co.in%2Fdistrict.php&ref=&ss=1966j851948j7 |title = District Census 2011 |publisher= Population Census 2011 | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in Jharkhand (for population over 7 years) was 66.41% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND020_Jharkhand.pdf | title= Jharkhand Profile| work= Census Info India 2011 – Final population totals |publisher= Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Chatra district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, among the different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India), [[Hindi]] was spoken by 703,337 persons forming 88.87% of the population of Chatra district, followed by [[Urdu]] 68,301 persons (8.63%), [[Kurukh language|Oraon]] 11,115 persons (1.40%) and other languages (with no details) 8,681 (1.10%). The population of the Scheduled Tribes in the district of Chatra during 2011 Census was 45,563 constituting 4.36 percent of the total population of the district.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 22: Note on mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Hindus numbered 903,179 and formed 86.60% of the population of Chatra district, followed by Muslims 116,710 (11.19%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 23: Note on religion | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Total number of [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] households in Tandwa CD block in 2002-2007 was 13,127.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://chatra.nic.in/food_and_supply/ | title= Departments: Food and Supply | work= Blockwise Statistics BPL List 2002-2007 |publisher= Chatra district administration| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref> According to 2011 census, number of households in Tandwa CD block was 23,319.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII B, 2011 census|work = page 26: District Primary Census Abstract | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 10 January 2011}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Tandwa CD block'''
|value1 = 30.48
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 40.52
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.45
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 26.35
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Tandwa CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 14,256 and formed 30.48%, agricultural labourers numbered 18,949 and formed 40.42%, household industry workers numbered 1,241 and formed 2.65% and other workers numbered 12,323 and formed 26.35%. Total workers numbered 46,769 and formed 37.02% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 79,550 and formed 62.98% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 48 and 51 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Census Concepts, Pages 10-21 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 91 inhabited villages in Tandwa CD block. In 2011, 22 villages had power supply. 5 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 90 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 91 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 9 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 1 village had telephone (land line), 25 villages had mobile phone coverage. All villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 30 villages had bus service (public/ private), 16 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 14 villages had taxi/vans and 38 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies. 40 villages had [[public distribution system]], 16 villages had weekly haat (market) and 48 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 673-675, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Chatra is a predominantly forest district with 65% of the land area being covered with forests. The balance 35% of the area has both rocky and [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil. Aluvial soil is found mostly near river valleys. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are [[Pearl millet|bajra]], maize and pulses (mainly [[arhar]] and [[Vigna mungo|gram]]).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 9-10 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===North Karanpura Thermal Power Station===
[[NTPC Limited]] is constructing the 3 X 660 MW [[North Karanpura Thermal Power Station]] at Tandwa at an appraised current (2015) estimated cost of {{INR}} 14,366.58 crore.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.moneycontrol.com/news-topic/north-karanpura-super-thermal-power-project/| title = North Karanpura Super Thermal Power Project| access-date = 28 November 2015 | publisher = Money Control}}</ref>

===Coal mining===
The [[North Karanpura Coalfield]] is spread across parts of Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Latehar districts of Jharkhand covering an area of 1,230 km2. This coalfield in the upper reaches of the [[Damodar River|Damodar Valley]], has reserves of around 14 billion tonnes of coal, very little of which has been exploited. Karkatta, KD Hesalong, Manki, Churi, Bachara UG, Bachara OC, and Dakara are long established collieries south of the Damodar. North of the Damodar lies comparatively new major mines such as Piparwar Mine and Ashoka Project. 23 mines are planned in the northern sector. Those in an advanced stage of planning are: Dhadu, Purnadih, Magadh, and Amrapali. This happens to be the largest mining sector of [[Central Coalfields Limited]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm | title = The North Karanpura Coalfields | work = Jharkhand | publisher = sinclair-environmental | access-date = 29 November 2015 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.is/20150516093809/http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm | archive-date = 16 May 2015 }}</ref>

See also - [[Magadh Sanghamitra Area]], [[Amrapali & Chandragupta Area]]

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Chatra district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Tandwa CD block had 27 villages with pre-primary schools, 73 villages with primary schools, 48 villages with middle schools, 5 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with senior secondary schools, 14 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 671-673 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>
 .*Note: Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Vananchal College was established at Tandwa in 1985. It is affiliated with the [[Vinoba Bhave University]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://vananchalcollege.com/about-us/ | title= Vananchal College |publisher= VC| access-date = 19 January 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Tandwa CD block had 6 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospital, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with family welfare centre, 2 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Note: Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Chatra district]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Jharkhand]]

Tandwa block - Revision history

imported>Chandan Guha: /* Agriculture */