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	{{~~short~~ description\|~~system~~ of measurements traditionally used in ancient Tamil-speaking South India}}		{{Short description\|System of measurements traditionally used in ancient Tamil-speaking South India}}
	{{Multiple issues\|		{{Multiple issues\|
	{{original research\|date=September 2007}}		{{original research\|date=September 2007}}
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	Other units that have persisted are those of area – the 'ma' (not to be confused with the dollar-cent) and the ‘ground’, both used to measure land and the ‘molam’ which has been relegated to measuring the length of a [[sandanam garland]] sold on streets.		Other units that have persisted are those of area – the 'ma' (not to be confused with the dollar-cent) and the ‘ground’, both used to measure land and the ‘molam’ which has been relegated to measuring the length of a [[sandanam garland]] sold on streets.

	There are several similarities between the measurement system used in [[Tamil Nadu]] and that used by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. Recent excavation studies from Keezhadi reveal existence of an older non-vedic civilisation in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="https://sivaganga.nic.in">{{cite web \| url=https://sivaganga.nic.in/tourism/keezhadi-excavation/ \| title=Keezhadi Excavation \| publisher=Sivaganga District \| accessdate=13 July 2020 }}</ref> New discovery suggest possibilities of source of ancient Indian mathematicians in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Major discovery">{{cite news\|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/major-discovery-tamil-nadu-s-keezhadi-possible-link-indus-valley-civilisation-109165\|title=Major discovery in Tamil ~~Nadu’s~~ Keezhadi: A possible link to Indus Valley Civilisation\|last=Issac\|first=Anna\|date=19 September 2019\|work=The news minute\|publisher=The news minute.\|accessdate=28 January 2020\|location=Heverlee, Belgium}}</ref>{{clarify\|date=January 2020}}		There are several similarities between the measurement system used in [[Tamil Nadu]] and that used by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. Recent excavation studies from Keezhadi reveal existence of an older non-vedic civilisation in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="https://sivaganga.nic.in">{{cite web \| url=https://sivaganga.nic.in/tourism/keezhadi-excavation/ \| title=Keezhadi Excavation \| publisher=Sivaganga District \| accessdate=13 July 2020 }}</ref> New discovery suggest possibilities of source of ancient Indian mathematicians in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Major discovery">{{cite news\|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/major-discovery-tamil-nadu-s-keezhadi-possible-link-indus-valley-civilisation-109165\|title=Major discovery in Tamil Nadu's Keezhadi: A possible link to Indus Valley Civilisation\|last=Issac\|first=Anna\|date=19 September 2019\|work=The news minute\|publisher=The news minute.\|accessdate=28 January 2020\|location=Heverlee, Belgium}}</ref>{{clarify\|date=January 2020}}

	== Units of time in ancient Tamil history ==		== Units of time in ancient Tamil history ==
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	*8 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 1 varāgaṉeḍai (வராகனெடை)		*8 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 1 varāgaṉeḍai (வராகனெடை)
	*20 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 4 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு) = 1 kaqhsu (கஃசு)		*20 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 4 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு) = 1 kaqhsu (கஃசு)
	*80 ~~paṇaveḍai~~ (பணவெடை)= 16 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு)= 4 kaqhsu (கஃசு)= 1 palam (பலம்)		*80 paṇaveaḍai (பணவெடை)= 16 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு)= 4 kaqhsu (கஃசு)= 1 palam (பலம்)
	*1.5 ~~Kaḻañcu~~ (கழஞ்சு) = 8 grams or one sovereign/pavun.		*1.5 Kaḻan
			*cu (கழஞ்சு) = 8 grams or one sovereign/pavun.
	The above is not in line with South Indian Inscriptions.		The above is not in line with South Indian Inscriptions.
	2 kuṉṟima குன்றிமணி = 1 māñcāḍi மஞ்சாடி		2 kuṉṟima குன்றிமணி = 1 māñcāḍi மஞ்சாடி
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	* 1 – ஒன்று – onRu		* 1 – ஒன்று – onRu
	* 3/4 = 0.75 – முக்கால் – ''mukkāl''		* 3/4 = 0.75 – முக்கால் – ''mukkāl''
	* 1/2= 0.5 – அரை – ''arai''		* 1/2 = 0.5 – அரை – ''arai''
	* 1/4 = 0.25 – கால் – ''kāl''		* 1/4 = 0.25 – கால் – ''kāl''
	* 1/5 = 0.2 – நாலுமா – ''nālumā''		* 1/5 = 0.2 – நாலுமா – ''nālumā''

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{{short description|system of measurements traditionally used in ancient Tamil-speaking South India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=September 2007}}
{{cleanup lang|date=April 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

The '''Tamil units of measurement''' is a system of measurements that was traditionally used in ancient [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking parts of [[South India]].

These ancient measurement systems spanned systems of counting, distances, volumes, time, weight as well as tools used to do so. While modern India uses the metric system [[International System of Units]] (Tamil Nadu state included), some of these older day measurement systems, especially those of counting, are still used today.

Other units that have persisted are those of area – the 'ma' (not to be confused with the dollar-cent) and the ‘ground’, both used to measure land and the ‘molam’ which has been relegated to measuring the length of a [[sandanam garland]] sold on streets.

There are several similarities between the measurement system used in [[Tamil Nadu]] and that used by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. Recent excavation studies from Keezhadi reveal existence of an older non-vedic civilisation in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="https://sivaganga.nic.in">{{cite web | url=https://sivaganga.nic.in/tourism/keezhadi-excavation/ | title=Keezhadi Excavation | publisher=Sivaganga District | accessdate=13 July 2020 }}</ref> New discovery suggest possibilities of source of ancient Indian mathematicians in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Major discovery">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/major-discovery-tamil-nadu-s-keezhadi-possible-link-indus-valley-civilisation-109165|title=Major discovery in Tamil Nadu’s Keezhadi: A possible link to Indus Valley Civilisation|last=Issac|first=Anna|date=19 September 2019|work=The news minute|publisher=The news minute.|accessdate=28 January 2020|location=Heverlee, Belgium}}</ref>{{clarify|date=January 2020}}

== Units of time in ancient Tamil history ==

*10 {{lang|ta|குழிகள்}} (kuzḻigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|மிய்}} (miy) = 66.6666 millisecond-the time taken by the young human eyes to flap once.
*2 {{lang|ta|கண்ணிமைகள்}} (kaṇṇimaigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|கைநொடி}} (kainoḍi) = 0.125 second
*2 {{lang|ta|கைநொடி}} (kainoḍi) = 1 {{lang|ta|மாத்திரை}} (māttirai) = 0.25 second
*6 {{lang|ta|மிய்கள்}} (miygaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|சிற்றுழி (நொடி)}} (ciṟṟuḻi (noḍi)) = 0.40 second-the time taken for a bubble (created by blowing air through a [[bamboo]] tube into a vessel 1 {{lang|ta|சாண்}} (cāṇ) high, full of water) to travel a distance of one {{lang|ta|சாண்}} (cāṇ).
*2 {{lang|ta|மாத்திரைகள்}} (māttiraigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|குறு}} (kuṟu) = 0.50 second
*2 {{lang|ta|நொடிகள்}} (noḍigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|வினாடி}} (viṉāḍi) = 0.80 second-the time for the adult human heart to beat once
*2{{frac|1|2}} {{lang|ta|நொடிகள்}} (noḍigaḷ) = 2 {{lang|ta|குறு}} (kuṟu) = 1 {{lang|ta|உயிர்}} (uyir) = 1 second
*5 {{lang|ta|நொடிகள்}} (noḍigaḷ) = 2 {{lang|ta|உயிர்}} (uyir) = 1 {{lang|ta|சாணிகம்}} (cāṇigam) = 1/2 {{lang|ta|அணு}} (aṇu) = 2 seconds
*10 {{lang|ta|நொடிகள்}} (noḍigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|அணு}} (aṇu) = 4 seconds
*6 {{lang|ta|அணுக்கள்}} (aṇukkaḷ) = 12 {{lang|ta|சாணிகம்}} (cāṇigam) = 1 {{lang|ta|துளி}} (tuḷi) = 1 {{lang|ta|நாழிகை வினாடி}} (nāḻigai-viṉāḍi) = 24 seconds
*10 {{lang|ta|துளிகள்}} (tuḷigaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|கணம்}} (kaṇam) = 4 minutes
*6 {{lang|ta|கணங்கள்}} (kaṇangaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|நாழிகை}} (nāḻigai) = 24 minutes
*10 {{lang|ta|நாழிகைகள்}} (nāḻigaikaḷ) = 4 {{lang|ta|சாமம்}} (cāmam) = 1 {{lang|ta|சிறுபொழுது}} (ciṟupoḻutu) = 240 minutes = 4 hours
*6 {{lang|ta|சிறுபொழுதுகள்}} (ciṟu-poḻutugaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|நாள்}} (nāḷ) = 1 day = 24 hours
*7 {{lang|ta|நாட்கள்}} (nāṭkaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|வாரம்}} (vāram) = 1 week
*15 {{lang|ta|நாட்கள்}} (nāṭkaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|அழுவம்}} (aḻuvaluvamam) = 1 [[fortnight]]
*29{{frac|1|2}} {{lang|ta|நாட்கள்}} (nāṭkaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|திங்கள்}} (tingaḷ) = 1 [[lunar month]]
*2 {{lang|ta|திங்கள்}} (tingaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|பெரும்பொழுது}} (perum-poḻutu) = 1 season
*6 {{lang|ta|பெரும்பொழுது}} (perum-poḻutu) = 1 {{lang|ta|ஆண்டு}} (āṇdu) = 1 year
*64 {{lang|ta|ஆண்டுகள்}} (āṇdukaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|வட்டம்}} (vaṭṭam) = 1 cycle
*64 வட்டம்/cycles = 4096 {{lang|ta|ஆண்டுகள்}} (āṇdukaḷ) = 1 {{lang|ta|ஊழி}} ōḻi = 1 epoch

==Area Measurement==

*1 {{lang|ta|மரக்கால் விதைப்பது}} (marakkaḷ vitaippatu, seeds required for planting rice) = 8 [[Cent (area)|cents]]
*12{{frac|1|2}} {{lang|ta|மரக்கால் விதைப்பது}} (marakkaḷ vitaippatu) = 100 cents
*1 {{lang|ta|குறுணி}} (kuṟuṇi) = 8 cents
*1 {{lang|ta|பதக்கு}} (patakku) = 16 cents
*1 {{lang|ta|முக்குறுணி}} (mukkuṟuṇi) = 24 cents
*1 sq {{lang|ta|கஜம்}} (kajam) = {{frac|5|242}} cents
*1 {{lang|ta|வீசம்}} (vīsam) = 36 sq ft
*303 {{lang|ta|குழி}} (kuzhi) = 100 cents
*1 {{lang|ta|குழி}} (kuzhi) = 144 சதுர அடி (144 sq ft = 12 ft x 12 ft)
*1 {{lang|ta|மா}} (mā) = 100 {{lang|ta|குழி}} (kuzhi)
*1 {{lang|ta|காணி}} (kāṇi) = 4 {{lang|ta|மா}} (mā)
*1 {{lang|ta|வேலி}} (vēļi) = 5 {{lang|ta|காணி}} (kāṇi)
*1 தாக்கு (thakku) = 7.56 சதுர அடி (Sq. ft)

In [[Jaffna, Sri Lanka]] For House property
*1 Parappu = 1 Lacham = 10 Perches
*16 Parappu = 1 Acre

Varaku Culture (V.C.)
*18 kulies = 1 lacham
*16 lachams = 1 acre

Paddy Culture (P.C.)
*12 kulies = 1 lacham
*24 lachams = 1 acre

== Units of ancient trade ==
===Balance weights===
====Thanga edaihal====
*4 nel eḍai (நல் எடை) = 1 kuṉṟimaṇi (குன்றிமணி)
*2 kuṉṟimaṇi (குன்றிமணி) = 1 māñcāḍi (மஞ்சாடி)
*1 māñcāḍi (மஞ்சாடி) = 1 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை)
*5 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 1 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு)
*8 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 1 varāgaṉeḍai (வராகனெடை)
*20 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை) = 4 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு) = 1 kaqhsu (கஃசு)
*80 paṇaveḍai (பணவெடை)= 16 kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு)= 4 kaqhsu (கஃசு)= 1 palam (பலம்)
*1.5 Kaḻañcu (கழஞ்சு) = 8 grams or one sovereign/pavun.
The above is not in line with South Indian Inscriptions.
2 kuṉṟima குன்றிமணி = 1 māñcāḍi மஞ்சாடி
20 māñcāḍi மஞ்சாடி = 1 kaḻañcu கழஞ்சு
Ceylon Currency and Coins by H W Codrington page 10 too agrees with 20 māñcāḍi = 1 kaḻañcu.

====Porutkal yedaihal====
*32 kuṉṟimaṇi = 1 varāgaṉeḍai
*10 varāgaṉeḍai = 1 palam
*40 palam = 1 veesai
*1000 palam = 1 kā
*6 veesai = 1 tulām
*8 veesai = 1 maṇangu
*20 maṇangu = 1 pāram.

===Grain volume===
*1 kuṇam = smallest unit of volume
*9 kuṇam = 1 mummi
*11 mummi = 1 aṇu
*7 aṇu = 1 immi
*7 immi = 1 uminel
*1 sittigai = 7 uminel
*360 nel = 1 sevidu
*5 sevidu = 1 āḻākku
*2 āḻākku = 1 uḻakku
*2 uḻakku = 1 uri
*2 uri = 1 padi@
*8 padi = 1 marakkaal (kuṟuṇi)
*2 marakkāl (kuṟuṇi) = 1 padakku
*2 padakku = 1 tōṇi
*3 tōṇi = 1 kalam (= 96 padi)
*5 marakkāl = 1 paṟai
*80 paṟai = 1 karisai
*96 padi = 1 pothi (mōdai)
*21 marakkal = 1 Kottai
*22 mākāni = 100 g
1 ''padi'' = 1800 ''avarai'' pods = 12,800 ''miḷagu'' seeds = 14,400 ''nel'' grains = 14,800 ''payaṟu'' grains = 38,000 ''arisi'' grains = 115,200 ''sesame ellu'' seeds

===Fluid volume===
*5 sevidu = 1 āḻākku
*2 mahani = 1 āḻākku (arai kal padi)
*2 āḻākku = 1 uḻakku (Kal padi)
*2 uḻakku = 1 uri (Arai padi)
*2 uri = 1 padi
*4 padi= 1 marakkaal
*2 marakkāl (kuṟuṇi) = 1 padakku
*2 padakku = 1 tōṇi
*21 Marakkal = 1 Kottai

=== Length ===
*1 Koan = (115.8953125 picometre)
*10 Koan = 1 Nunnanu (0.1158953125 nanometre)
*10 Nunnanu = 1 Aṇu (''atom'') (1.158953125 nanometre)
*8 Aṇu = 1 Kadirtugal (9.271625 nanometre)
*8 Kadirtugal = 1 Tusumbu (74.173 nanometre)
*8 Tusumbu = 1 Mayirnuni (0.593384 micrometre)
*8 Mayirnuni = 1 Nunnmanal (4.74707 micrometre)
*8 Nunnmanal = 1 Siru-kadugu (37.976563 micrometre)
*8 Siru-kadugu = 1 Yel (303.8125 micrometre or 0.3038125 millimetre)
*8 Yel = 1 Nel (2.4305 millimetre)
*8 nel = 1 viral = 8^8 aṇu (''atom'') = 1.9444 centimetre
*12 viral = 1 [[Span (unit)|sāṇ]] = 100 immi= 23.3333 centimetre = 9 inch
*2 [[Span (unit)|sāṇ]] = 1 muḻam = 46.6666 centimetre = 1.5 feet
*2 sāṇ = 1 muḻam
*2 muḻam = 1 [[kajam (length)|yard]] = 3 feet = 1 yard
*2 yard(yaar) = 1 pāgam
*110 pāgam = 1 furlong
*8 furlong = 1 mile
*5 furlong = 1 kilometre or 1000 metre
*625 pāgam = 1 kādam = 5000 sāṇ = 1166.66 metres = 1.167 kilometre

==Likeness (''Sārttal'')==
Likeness has attributes of tone, sound, colour and shape for comparison of a given substance with a known standard.

==Whole numbers==
[[File:oldtamilcharactersold.jpg|Old Tamil numerical characters]]
The following are the traditional numbers of the [[Ancient Tamil Country]], Tamizhakam.

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Rank
|101
|102
|103
|104
|105
|106
|109
|1012
|1015
|1018
|1020
|1021
|- align="center"
!align="left"|Words
|பத்து
|நூறு
|ஆயிரம்
|பத்தாயிரம்
|நூறாயிரம்
|மெய்யிரம்
|தொள்ளுண்
|ஈகியம்
|நெளை
|இளஞ்சி
|வெள்ளம்
|ஆம்பல்
|- align="center"
!align="left"|Character
|{{lang|ta|௰}}
|{{lang|ta|௱}}
|{{lang|ta|௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௰௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௱௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲௲௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲௲௲௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௱௲௲௲௲௲௲}}
|{{lang|ta|௲௲௲௲௲௲௲}}
|- align="center"
!align="left"|Reading
|pathu
|nūru
|āyiram
|pattāyiram
|nūraiyiram
|meiyyiram
|tollun
|īkiyam
|neļai
|iļañci
|veļļam
|āmpal
|}

Tamil texts also elaborate the following sanskritized version :

*
* 1 ONDRU = One = 10 0
* 10 = PATU = Ten = 10 1
* 100 = NŌRU = Hundred = 10 2
* 1,000 = ĀYIRAM = One Thousand = 10 3
* 10,000 = PATĀYIRAM = Ten Thousand = 10 4
* 1,00,000 = LATCHAM = Hundred Thousand = 10 5
* 10,00,000 = PATHU LATCHAM = One Million = 10 6
* 1,00,00,000 = KODI = Ten Million = 10 7
* 10,00,00,000 = PATHU KODI = Hundred Million = 10 8
* 1,00,00,00,000 = ARPUTAM = One Billion = 10 9
* 10,00,00,00,000 = PATU ARPUTAM = Ten Billion = 10 10
* 1,00,00,00,00,000 = NIGARPUTAM = Hundred Billion = 10 11
* 10,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU NIGARPUTAM = One Trillion = 10 12
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,000 = KUMBAM = Ten Trillion = 10 13
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU KUMBAM = Hundred Trillion = 10 14
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = GANAM = One Quadrillion = 10 15
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATHU GANAM = Ten Quadrillion = 10 16
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = KARPAM = Hundred Quadrillion = 10 17
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU KARPAM = One Quintillion = 10 18
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = NIKARPAM = Ten Quintillion = 10 19
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU NIKARPAM = Hundred Quintillion = 10 20
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATUMAM = One Sextillion = 10 21
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU PATUMAM = Ten Sextillion = 10 22
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = SANGGAM = Hundred Sextillion = 10 23
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU SANGGAM = One Septillion = 10 24
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = VELLAM = Ten Septillion = 10 25
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU VELLAM = Hundred Septillion = 10 26
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = ANNIYAM = One Octillion = 10 27
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU ANNIYAM = Ten Octillion = 10 28
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = ARTTAM = Hundred Octillion = 10 29
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATHU ARTTAM = One Nonillion = 10 30
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PARARTTAM = Ten Nonillion = 10 31
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU PARARTTAM = Hundred Nonillion = 10 32
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PŌRIYAM = One Decillion = 10 33
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU PŌRIYAM = Ten Decillion = 10 34
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = MUKKODI = Hundred Decillion = 10 35
* 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = PATU MUKKODI = One Undecillion = 10 36
* 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 = MAHAYUGAM = Ten Undecillion = 10 37

Malaysian text elaborates the following version

* 1 ONDRU = One = 10 0
* 10 = PATU = Ten = 10 1
* 100 = NŌRU = Hundred = 10 2
* 1,000 = ĀYIRAM = One Thousand = 10 3
* 10,000 = PATĀYIRAM = Ten Thousand = 10 4
* 100,000 = LATCHAM = Hundred Thousand = 10 5
* 1,000,000 = PATU LATCHAM = One Million = 10 6
* 10,000,000 = KODI = Ten Million = 10 7
* 100,000,000 = PATU KODI = Hundred Million = 10 8
* 1,000,000,000 = NŌRU KODI = One Billion = 10 9

==Fractions==
* 1 – ஒன்று – onRu
* 3/4 = 0.75 – முக்கால் – ''mukkāl''
* 1/2= 0.5 – அரை – ''arai''
* 1/4 = 0.25 – கால் – ''kāl''
* 1/5 = 0.2 – நாலுமா – ''nālumā''
* 3/16 = 0.1875 – மும்மாகாணி –''mummākāṇi'' this is called as Mukkhani
* 3/20 = 0.15 – மும்மா – ''mummaa''
* 1/8 = 0.125 – அரைக்கால் – ''araikkāl''
* 1/10 = 0.1 – இருமா – ''irumā''
* 1/16 = 0.0625 – மாகாணி (வீசம்) – ''mākāṇi (vīsam)''
* 1/20 = 0.05 – ஒருமா – ''orumā''
* 3/64 = 0.046875 – முக்கால்வீசம் – ''mukkāl vīsam''
* 3/80 = 0.0375 – முக்காணி – ''mukkāṇi''
* 1/32 = 0.03125 – அரைவீசம் – ''araivīsam''
* 1/40 = 0.025 – அரைமா – ''araimā''
* 1/64 = 0.015625 – கால் வீசம் – ''kaal vīsam''
* 1/80 = 0.0125 – காணி – ''kāṇi''
* 3/320 = 0.009375 – அரைக்காணி முந்திரி – ''araikkāṇi muntiri''
* 1/160 = 0.00625 – அரைக்காணி – ''araikkāṇi''
* 1/320 = 0.003125 – முந்திரி – ''muntiri''
* 3/1280 = 0.00234375 – கீழ் முக்கால் – ''kīḻ mukkal''
* 1/640 = 0.0015625 – கீழரை – ''kīḻarai''
* 1/1280 = 7.8125e-04 – கீழ் கால் – ''kīḻ kāl''
* 1/1600 = 0.000625 – கீழ் நாலுமா – ''kīḻ nalumā''
* 3/5120 ≈ 5.85938e-04 – கீழ் மூன்று வீசம் – ''kīḻ mūndru vīsam''
* 3/6400 = 4.6875e-04 – கீழ் மும்மா – ''kīḻ mummā''
* 1/2500 = 0.0004 – கீழ் அரைக்கால் – ''kīḻ araikkāl''
* 1/3200 = 3.12500e-04 – கீழ் இருமா – ''kīḻ irumā''
* 1/5120 ≈ 1.95313e-04 – கீழ் வீசம் – ''kīḻ vīsam''
* 1/6400 = 1.56250e-04 – கீழொருமா – ''kīḻ orumā''
* 1/102400 ≈ 9.76563e-06 – கீழ்முந்திரி – ''kīḻ muntiri''
* 1/2150400 ≈ 4.65030e-07 – இம்மி – ''immi''
* 1/23654400 ≈ 4.22754e-08 – மும்மி – ''mummi''
* 1/165580800 ≈ 6.03935e-09 – அணு – ''aṇu''
* 1/1490227200 ≈ 6.71039e-10 – குணம் – ''kuṇam''
* 1/7451136000 ≈ 1.34208e-10 – பந்தம் – ''pantam''
* 1/44706816000 ≈ 2.23680e-11 – பாகம் – ''pāgam''
* 1/312947712000 ≈ 3.19542e-12 – விந்தம் – ''vintam''
* 1/5320111104000 ≈ 1.87966e-13 – நாகவிந்தம் – ''nāgavintam''
* 1/74481555456000 ≈ 1.34261e-14 – சிந்தை – ''sintai''
* 1/1489631109120000 ≈ 6.71307e-16 – கதிர்முனை –''katirmunai''
* 1/59585244364800000 ≈ 1.67827e-17 – குரல்வளைப்படி –''kuralvaḷaippiḍi''
* 1/3575114661888000000 ≈ 2.79711e-19 -வெள்ளம் – ''veḷḷam''
* 1/357511466188800000000 ≈ 2.79711e-21 – நுண்மணல் –''nuṇmaṇal''
* 1/2323824530227200000000 ≈ 4.30325e-22 – தேர்த்துகள் –''tērttugaḷ''

== Currency ==
* 1 pal (wooden discs/sea shellots) = (''approximately'') 0.9 grain
* 8 (or 10 base 8) paṟkaḷ = 1 senkāṇi (copper/bronze) = 7.2 grains(''misinterpretted by Roman accounts as 10 base 10 paRkal = 9 grains'')
* 1/4 senkāṇi = 1 kālkāṇi (copper) = 1.8 grains (''misinterpretted by Roman accounts as 2.25 grains'')
* 64 (or 100 base 8) paṟkaḷ = 1 KaaNap-pon ''aka.'' Kāsu panam(gold) = 57.6 grains
* 1 Roman dinarium was traded on par with 2 Kāṇappon plus 1 Senkāṇi(=124 grains).
* 18 Ana = 2.85 Rupee, 16 Ana = 1 Rupee, 1 Ana = 3 Tuṭu, 1/4 Ana = 3/4 (mukkal) tuṭu

== Divisions of a Day ==
சிறுபொழுது (Daily) 
1. காலை (kālai): 6 am-10 am 
2. நண்பகல் (naṇpagal): 10 am-2 pm 
3. எற்பாடு (eṟpāḍu): 2 pm-6 pm 
4. மாலை (mālai): 6 pm-10 pm 
5. இடையாமம் (iḍaiyāmam): 10 pm-2 am 
6. வைகறை (vaikaṟai): 2 am-6 am

== Divisions of the Year ==
பெரும்பொழுது (பெரும்பொழுது என்பது யாது எனில்
பன்னிரு மாதங்களை ஆறாய்ப் பகுத்தது)

1. இளவேனில் (Iḷavēṉil): சித்திரை , வைகாசி 
2. முதுவேனில் (Mutuvēṉil) :ஆனி , ஆடி 
3. கார்காலம் (Kārkālam): ஆவணி, புரட்டாசி 
4. குளிர்காலம் (Kuḷirkālam): ஐப்பசி ,கார்த்திகை 
5. முன்பனிக் காலம்(Muṉpaṉik kālam): மார்கழி , தை 
6. பின்பனிக் காலம் (Piṉpaṉik kālam): மாசி , பங்குனி

== See also ==
*[[Tamil Calendar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*[http://tvaraj.com/2012/03/06/fractions-used-by-ancient-tamils/ 3. http://tvaraj.com/2012/03/06/fractions-used-by-ancient-tamils/]
*[http://www.ponniyinselvan.in/articles-f6/tamil-measurements-t26435.html Tamil Measurements]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Units Of Measurement}}
[[Category:Tamil]]
[[Category:Obsolete units of measurement]]
[[Category:Systems of units]]
[[Category:Economic history of Tamil Nadu]]

Tamil units of measurement - Revision history

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