Srivatsan: quick fixed section per standard format and fixed typos after review

2024-01-04T07:53:41Z

quick fixed section per standard format and fixed typos after review

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-{{Infobox language family
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-|name        = Tamil–Kannada
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imported>Reopenmyschool at 00:18, 16 July 2021

2021-07-16T00:18:39Z

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{{Infobox language family
|name = Tamil–Kannada
|region = [[South India]]
|familycolor = Dravidian
|fam2 = [[Southern Dravidian]]
|child1 = Kannada–Badaga
|child2 = Tamil–Kodagu
|glotto = tami1291
|glottorefname= Tamil–Kannada
}}

'''Tamil–Kannada''' is an inner branch (Zvelebil 1990:56) of the Southern Dravidian I (SDr I) subfamily of the [[Dravidian languages]] that include [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]]. (There have been slight differences in the way Dravidian languages are grouped by various Dravidian [[linguist]]s: See Subrahmanyam 1983, Zvelebil 1990, Krishnamurthi 2003). Tamil–Kannada itself is designated as a branch of the South Dravidian I subfamily and in turn branches off into Tamil–Kodagu and Kannada–Badaga. The languages that constitute the Tamil–Kannada branch are [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Irula language|Irula]], [[Toda language|Toda]], [[Kota language (India)|Kota]], [[Kodava language|Kodava]], and [[Badaga language|Badaga]]. (Zvelebil 1990:56)

According to [[R. C. Hiremath]], Director of International School of Dravidian Linguistics in Trivandrum, the separation of Tamil and Kannada into independent languages from the Tamil–Kannada inner branch started with the separation of [[Tulu language|Tulu]] in about 1500 BCE and completed in about 300 BCE.

Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam are recognized among the [[official languages of India]] and are spoken mainly in [[South India]]. All three are officially recognized as [[classical languages]] by the Government of India, along with [[Sanskrit]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Odia language|Odia]].<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odia-gets-classical-language-status/article5709028.ece</ref>

==Phonological features==
[[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] have both [[retroflex lateral approximant|retroflex lateral]] (/ɭ/) and [[retroflex approximant]] (/ɻ/) sounds, whereas [[Kannada]] has retained only the retroflex lateral. Evidence shows that both retroflex approximant and the retroflex laterals were once (before the 10th century) also present in Kannada. However, all the retroflex [[approximant]]s changed into retroflex laterals in Kannada later. In Kannada, the [[bilabial]] voiceless plosive (/p/) at the beginning of many words has disappeared to produce a velar fricative (/h/) or has disappeared completely. This change is unique to [[Kannada]] in the Dravidian family. Tamil does not show this change.

Tamil and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] show the conversion of [[Voiceless velar plosive]] (/k/) into [[Voiceless palatal plosive]] (/c/) at the beginning of the words (refer to [[comparative method]] for details). Kannada, however, is totally inert to this change and hence the velar plosives are retained as such or with minimum changes in the corresponding words.

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Krishnamurti, B., ''The Dravidian Languages'', Cambridge University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-521-77111-0}}.
* Subrahmanyam, P.S., ''Dravidian Comparative Phonology'', Annamalai University, 1983.
* Zvelebil, Kamil., ''Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction", PILC (Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture), 1990.
{{refend}}

{{-}}
{{Dravidian languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil-Kannada Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]

Tamil–Kannada languages - Revision history

Srivatsan: quick fixed section per standard format and fixed typos after review

imported>Reopenmyschool at 00:18, 16 July 2021