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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
'''Tala-Maddale''' is an ancient form of performance dialogue or debate performance in [[Southern India]] in the [[Karavali]] and [[Malnad]] regions of [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]]. The plot and content of the conversation is drawn from popular mythology but the performance mainly consists of an impromptu debate between characters involving sarcasm, puns, philosophy positions and humour. The main plot is sung from the same oral texts used for the [[Yakshgana]] form of dance- drama. Performers claim that this was a more intellectual rendition of the dance during the monsoon season.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|last1=Prabhu|first1=ganesh|title=Swarajya Vijaya' in Tala Maddale on eve of I-Day|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/swarajya-vijaya-in-tala-maddale-on-eve-of-iday/article8971119.ece|access-date=11 August 2016|work=The Hindu|date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

The art form is popular in [[Uttara Kannada]], [[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Udupi]] and [[Shimoga]] districts of Karnataka and [[Kasaragod district]] of Kerala. It is a derived form of [[Yakshagana]]—a classical dance or musical form of art from the same region.<ref name="mit">{{cite journal|last1=Ashton|first1=Martha Bush|title=Yakshagana. A South Indian Folk Theatre|journal=The Drama Review: TDR|date=12 August 1969|volume=13, No. 3|issue=Spring 1969|pages= 148–155|doi=10.2307/1144470|jstor=1144470}}</ref>

==Performances==

A typical Tala-Maddale show consists of veteran artists sitting in a circular fashion along with a Bhagavata (the singer, with "Tala" or pair of small hand [[cymbal]]s) and a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffVpD5pG9lg "Maddale" (a type of drum)] player. Artists play the roles of characters in stories, typically, from [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]], and other [[purana]]s. Some consider them as a good presentation of oratorial skills.<ref name="mit"/>

Artists are normally well versed with the [[Hindu]] [[Indian epic poetry|epic]]s and [[puranas]]. [[Kannada]] language is the normal medium of communication. Tala-Maddale performances are mostly held during the night, the traditional reason being that in ancient times, people finished their work by this time and assembled in temples to watch Tala Maddale. It is organized by either hobbyists who are interested in the art at their houses or as a public event in villages and towns.<ref name="thehindu"/>

As is common in many Indian art forms, A Tala Maddale performance is commenced with a puja to [[Lord Ganesh]] (the [[Hindu]] God of knowledge, learning and art) with a prayer song by Bhagavatha. Usually this song is "Gajamukhadavage ganapage".<ref name="mit"/> This tends to be followed by a combination of pre scripted as well as [[ex tempore]] [[debates]] between the artists. Hence, while the average length of a performance is about three hours, it can extend depending upon the debate. Due to the latter, artists are expected to be well versed with the subject matter too. In ancient times, Tala-Maddale performances often took the form of all-night performances, from 7 pm right up to 6 am.<ref name="thehindu"/>

Subjects of Tala Maddale performances normally focus on episodes from the Hindu epics of [[Bhagavata]] and [[Puranas]]. However, episodes have also been created on other more current issues, some of which include the [[Second World War]], the [[Tashkent Agreement]], the [[Indian freedom struggle]] ''(Swarajya Vijaya)'' and computerisation ''(Ganakasura Kalaga)''.<ref name="mit"/>

Some of the popular Tala maddale artists are [http://www.ourkarnataka.com/shenigopalakrishnabhat/sheni_main.htm Sheni Gopala Krishna Bhat], [[Pandit Krishna Bhat, Kerekai|Kerekai Krishna Bhat]], [[Kerekai Umakant Bhat]], [[Polali Shankaranarayana Shastri]], [[Shankaranarayana Samaga]], Matti Subba Rao, Vasudeva Samaga, Prabhakara Joshi, M.V. Hegde, [[Kumble Sundara Rao]], M.L. Samaga, Padekallu Vishnu Bhat, Sadashiva Alva Talapady, Appu Nayak Athrady, Ramana Acharya, Krishnapura Hari Bhat and Prashanth Belur. Artha vaibhava or the grandeur of dialogues tends to be a highlight of these performances relished by the rasikas (audience).<ref name="thehindu"/><ref name="mit"/>

In August 2016, the story of the [[Indian Freedom Struggle]], Swarajya Vijaya, was enacted in Tala Maddale in the outer yard of the Sri [[Anandeshwaram Mahadeva Temple|Ananteshwara Temple]] at Rajangana, Karnataka. The episode (prasanga) had been written by M.V. Hegde. A similar Tala Maddale performance related to the Indian freedom struggle had been held at this very place on 14 August 1947 when India achieved freedom from [[British Colonial]] powers.<ref name="thehindu"/>

You may watch a video clip of [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbPtmXeIowQ Taala Maddale ತಾಳ ಮದ್ದಲೆ session] here.

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Other Information==
*[http://www.yakshagana.com/Review.htm Tala Maddale]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1144470 "Yakshagana. A South Indian Folk Theatre"]
*http://kasargod.nic.in/profile/yakshagana.htm
*http://www.ourkarnataka.com/shenigopalakrishnabhat/sheni_main.htm
Introduction to Maddale https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbPtmXeIowQ

[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Performing arts in India]]
[[Category:Yakshagana]]

Tala-Maddale - Revision history

->Citation bot: Alter: title. Add: work, doi. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Use Indian English from January 2020 | via #UCB_Category 348/1871