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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Tajikistan
| common_name = Tajikistan
| native_name = {{unbulleted list|
|{{native name|tg|Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон|italics=off}}<br />{{small|''Jumhuriyi Tojikiston''}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Tajikistan.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_motto =
| national_anthem = ''[[Surudi Milli|Суруди Миллӣ]]''<br />({{Lang-en|"National Anthem"}})<br /><center>[[File:National anthem of Tajikistan, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.flac]]</center>
| image_map = Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green}}
| capital = [[Dushanbe]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|38|33|N|68|48|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
| regional_languages =
| languages_type = Inter-ethnic<br />language
| languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| 81.1% [[Tajik people|Tajik]]
| 13.9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
| 3.1% [[Pamiris|Pamiri]]
| 0.8% [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| 0.4% [[Russians|Russian]]
| 0.7% others
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2010<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III]. stat.tj</ref>
| religion =
| demonym = Tajik or Tajikistani<ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/the-names-of-nationalities-4088817 The Names of Nationalities]</ref>
| government_type = [[Unitary system|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[constitution]]al [[republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Tajikistan|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Emomali Rahmon]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]
| leader_title3 = Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Majlisi Milli]]
| leader_name3 = [[Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev]]
| legislature = [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly]]
| upper_house = [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|National Assembly]]
| lower_house = [[Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)|Assembly of Representatives]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Tajikistan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik ASSR]]
| established_date1 = 27 October 1924
| established_event2 = [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]]
| established_date2 = 5 December 1929
| established_event3 = [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]
| established_date3 = 9 September 1991
| established_event4 = [[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS full membership]]
| established_date4 = 21 December 1991
| established_event5 = Recognized
| established_date5 = 26 December 1991
| established_event6 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 738|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date6 = 2 March 1992
| established_event7 = [[Constitution of Tajikistan|Current constitution]]
| established_date7 = 6 November 1994
| area_km2 = 143,100
| area_rank = 94th 
| area_sq_mi = 55,251
| percent_water = 1.8
| population_estimate = 9,275,827 <ref name="worldometers.info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/|title = Tajikistan Population (2022) - Worldometer}}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank = (96th) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/|title = Population by Country (2022) - Worldometer}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2019
| population_density_km2 = 48.6
| population_density_sq_mi = 125.8
| population_density_rank = 155th
| GDP_PPP = $30.547 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&pr.y=14&sy=2015&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=923&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 132nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,354<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 155th
| GDP_nominal = $7.350 billion<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 147th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $807<ref name=imf2 />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 164th
| Gini = 34 
| Gini_year = 2015
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]]|website=databank.worldbank.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.650 
| HDI_year = 2018 
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203906/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 127th
| currency = [[Somoni]]
| currency_code = TJS
| time_zone = [[Tajikistan Time|TJT]]
| utc_offset = +5
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST =
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[+992]]
| cctld = [[.tj]]
| country_code =
}}
'''Tajikistan''' is a [[country]] in [[South-central Asia|Central Asia]]. It was previously part of the [[Soviet Union]]. Tajikistan is a [[republic]]. The [[Capital (city)|capital city]] is [[Dushanbe]]. The official language is Tajik,which is a [[dialect]] of [[Farsi]] (Persian).

Tajikistan is a member of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]], the CIS. Tajikistan is eighth in size of CIS countries.

== Geography ==
Tajikistan is one of the new countries in [[South-central Asia]]. It is [[west]] of [[China]], north of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]], that is separated by a narrow 14 km strip of Tajik claimed land known as the [[Wakhan Corridor]] in the [[Pamirs]], east of [[Uzbekistan]] and south of [[Kyrgyzstan]].

Tajikistan is [[landlocked]] in the middle of the [[continent]] of [[Asia]].

Its total area is only about {{convert|143,100|km2|sqmi|lk=in}}. It is slightly smaller than [[Wisconsin]], [[USA]]. Tajikistan’s borders total to {{convert|3,651|km}} long.
[[File:Tajikistan Map TI-map.gif|thumb|left|A map of Tajikistan]]
[[File:Kara-kul_lake.jpg|thumb|left|Karakul lake]]
[[File:Duschanbe Bahnhof.jpg|thumb|left|Dushanbe [[railway]] station]]
The climate has hot summers and mild winters.

Almost all of the country (85 percent) is mountainous with river valleys running across, however high altitude mountains of Pomir are in the eastern part of the country, (which is the west end of the [[Himalayas]]). The climate there is semiarid to polar. The mountains cover an area of about {{cvt|120,000|km2}}. There are other countries within the mountain range. The mountains are between {{convert|3600|to|4,400|m}} high.

Karakul lake is located within a {{convert|52|km|mi|adj=mid|-wide}} [[Impact crater|meteorite crater]], which would have formed about 25 million years ago,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16564 | title=Kara-Kul Structure, Tajikistan | publisher=NASA Earth Observatory | accessdate=2006-05-25 | archive-date=2006-10-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001052855/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16564 | url-status=dead }}.</ref> or less than 5 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/karakul.html |title=Earth Impact Database |access-date=2014-07-23 |archive-date=2010-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115045159/http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/karakul.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
The land that is now Tajikistan has been lived in since 4,000 BC. It has been under the rule of various [[empire]]s throughout history, mostly the [[Persian Empire]]s.

In the year 800, [[Islam]] came to north-east of Iran, (Nowadays called a part of this Land Tajikistan)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tabatabai|first=S.|date=2000-01-01|title=Abu' Abdullah Ja'far-ibn Mohammad Rudaki [c. 880-941]: Two Poems|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/2.3.318|journal=Literary Imagination|volume=2|issue=3|pages=318–319|doi=10.1093/litimag/2.3.318|issn=1523-9012}}</ref>

In 1868, Tajikistan became a [[Russia]]n [[Colony]]. It later became a part of the [[Soviet Union]].

On 9 September 1991, after long periods of mass protests against the Soviet Government, the Parliament of Tajikistan declared [[independence]] from [[Soviet Union]], and held the first presidential elections.

Rahmon Nabiev, who ran the country during [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s, become its president. He was unable to bring any much-needed reforms to the country, and so there were protests in the capital city, Dushanbe.
The government responded by organizing a pro-government demonstration, mainly made of old Communist Party members and people from the southeast of the country brought to the city. Anti-government protests did not stop, so the government gave weapons to the pro-government demonstrator. Then the Opposition armed themselves.

After this bloody [[civil war]] broke out. In which all of the new democratic parties, political organizations, and movements together with the political Islamic movements created an alliance, opposing the old communist government and southerners.

After the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], many American and French Soldiers came into the country.

== Political structure ==
In 2010 a leaked US Embassy cable described Tajikistan as

"... The greatest obstacle to improving the economy is resistance to reform. From the President down to the policeman on the street, the government is characterized by cronyism and corruption. [[Emomali Rahmon]] and his family control the country's major businesses, including the largest bank, and they play hardball to protect their business interests, no matter the cost to the economy writ large... The government has limited opposition party operations and rejected electoral law reforms for the February 28, 2010, parliamentary elections. The Embassy does not expect the elections to be free and fair. There has been almost no coverage of opposition political parties by state media, and most of the population is unaware of the purpose of the elections..." <ref>[[The Guardian]] "US embassy cables: 'Cronyism and corruption' hinder reform in Tajikistan".</ref>

==Provinces==
Tajikistan is divided into 4 [[province]]s.
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Division !! [[ISO 3166-2]] !! Capital !! Area (km²)<ref name=pop2008>''Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008'', State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>!! Pop (2008)<ref name=pop2008/>
|-
! '''Sughd'''
| |TJ-SU|| '''Khujand''' || 25,400 || 2,132,100
|-
! '''Region of Republican Subordination'''
| TJ-RR || '''[[Dushanbe]]''' || 28,600 || 1,606,900
|-
! '''Khatlon'''
| TJ-KT|| '''Qurghonteppa'''　|| 24,800 || 2,579,300
|-
! '''Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province'''
| TJ-BG|| '''Khorugh''' || 64,200 || 218,000
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Poopak NikTalab]]. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems ,Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}
{{asia}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Tajikistan| ]]
[[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Asia]]

Tajikistan - Revision history

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