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{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1947–2023)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Maulana
| name = Tahir Hussain Gayavi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|4|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Kābar, [[Konch (community development block)|Konch]], Gaya district, Bihar, British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|7|10|1947|4|12|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Arrah]], Bhojpur district, Bihar, India
| religion = [[Islam]]
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|Madh'hab = [[Hanafi]]
|creed = [[Maturidi]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Jamia Mazharul Uloom, Banaras]]|[[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]]|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]|Jamia Arabia, Jama Masjid ([[Amroha]])|[[Aligarh Muslim University]]}}
| known_for = Founding Darul Uloom Husainia, Palamu district
}}

'''Tahir Hussain Gayavi''' (1947–2023), also written as '''Tahir Hussain Gayawi''' or '''Tahir Gayavi''', was an Indian [[Hanafi]] [[Deobandi]] Islamic scholar and educator. He is noted for his writings and public speeches on [[Islamic Theology (Aqidah)|Islamic theology]], particularly in the areas of refutation of religious innovations ([[Bid'ah|bidʻah]]) and defense of [[Sunni orthodoxy]].

== Early life and education ==
Tahir Hussain Gayavi was born on 12 April 1947 (20 Jumada al-Awwal 1366 AH) in the village of Kābar, [[Konch-block|Konch block]], Gaya district, Bihar (then part of British India).<ref name="Noori">{{cite book |last=Gayavi |first=Syed Tahir Hussain |title=Shahid-e-Karbala aur Kirdar-e-Yazid |trans-title=The Martyr of Karbala and the Character of Yazid|url=https://archive.org/details/shaheed-e-karbala-aur-kirdar-e-yazeed-karbala-book-ramin-014007 |publisher=Naeemia Book Depot|location=Deoband |year=2018 |pages=8–9 |language=ur |chapter=Muallif ka Mukhtasar Taaruf by Muhammad Naushad Noori Qasmi|trans-chapter=Brief introduction of the author by Muhammad Naushad Noori Qasmi}}</ref><ref name="Amini">{{cite book |last=Amini |first=Noor Alam Khalil|author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=Raftagan Na-Rafta |trans-title=Those Who Passed Yet Remain |publisher=Idara-e-Ilm-o-Adab |location=Deoband |year=2021 |pages=127–129 |language=ur |chapter=1969 ki Darul Uloom ki Strike|trans-chapter=The 1969 Darul Uloom Deoband's strike|isbn=978-93-5457-133-6}}</ref>

He studied up to Arabic grade three at Madarsa Anwar al-Uloom in [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], then continued at [[Jamia Mazharul Uloom, Banaras|Madarsa Mazharul Uloom, Banaras]], where he also passed the "Maulvi" exam under the Allahabad Board with first division.<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Amini" /> After spending a year at [[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]], he was admitted to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1967. His education there was interrupted during the 1969 student strike.<ref name="Amini" /><ref name="Nayab">{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Nayab|title=Ek Shakhs Dilruba Sa |trans-title=A Captivating Personality |publisher=Markazi Publications |location=New Delhi |year=2022 |edition=1st |pages=213 |language=ur |chapter=1969 ki Darul Uloom ki Strike |trans-chapter=The 1969 Strike at Darul Uloom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Nayab |date=2023-07-10 |title=مولانا سید طاہر حسین گیاوی کی رحلت |trans-title=The passing away of Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi |url=https://qindeelonline.com/maulana-tahir-husain-gayavi/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=Qindeel |language=ur}}</ref>

He later completed his hadith studies at Jamia Islamia, Jama Masjid, [[Amroha]] in 1970 upon the advice of [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]].<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Hasti">{{cite book |last=Azmi |first=Ijaz Ahmad |title=Hikayat-e-Hasti |trans-title=The Tale of Existence|url=https://archive.org/details/BestUrduBooks16/HIKAYAT-E-HASTI/page/n252/mode/1up |publisher=Kutub Khana Naeemia |location=Deoband |year=2015 |edition=2nd |pages=253–255 |language=ur}}</ref> He also passed "Ālim" and "Fāzil" exams from the Allahabad Board and received the "Adeeb-e-Kamil" certificate from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] with first division.<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Amini" />

== Career ==
After completing his studies, Gayavi taught for nearly nine years in various institutions in Banaras, including Madarsa Islamia Reori Talab, Banaras.<ref name="Noori" /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 2023 |editor-last=Nadvi |editor-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi |editor-link=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi |title=الشيخ طاهر حسين الغياوي إلى رحمة الله تعالى |trans-title=Maulana Tahir Hussein Gayavi passed away |url=https://albasulislami.com/4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87/ |journal=[[Al-Baas El-Islami]] |language=ar |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=99–100}}</ref> In 1984 (1404 AH), he founded Darul Uloom Hussainia in [[Palamu district]], which was then part of [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]]). He later established another institution of the same name in Sundru, [[Lohardaga district]], Jharkhand, both of which are recognized as prominent religious seminaries.<ref name="Amini" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi ka Sanihah Irtihaal |trans-title=The Passing of Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi |url=https://urduleaks.com/192585/ |website=Urdu Leaks |date=10 July 2023 |language=ur |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tasdeeqnama Darul Uloom Hussainia, Sundru, Lohardaga |url=https://www.jamiat.org.in/masters/search_tasdeeqnama/353 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=jamiat.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

Gayavi actively participated in theological debates and was known for his engagement in inter-sect polemics. His notable debates occurred in [[Jharia]], [[Cuttack]], and [[Katihar]].<ref name="Noori" />

== Literary works ==
Gayavi authored several works, mostly in Urdu, on Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Some of his published books include:<ref name="Wazahati">{{cite book |last1=Narang |first1=Gopi Chand |author-link=Gopi Chand Narang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rxVAAAAYAAJ&q=%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86+%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C |title=Wazahati Kitabiyat |last2=Hanfi |first2=Muzaffar |author-link2=Muzaffar Hanfi |publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] |year=1980 |volume=22 |location=New Delhi |page=364 |language=ur |trans-title=Annotated Bibliography}}</ref><ref name="Faizan">{{cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Javed Ashraf |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/faizan-e-darul-uloom-deoband-javed-ashraf-qasmi-ebooks |title=Faizan-e-Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Madarsa Ubayy ibn Ka'b |year=2000 |location=Mewat, Haryana |pages=144, 184 |language=ur |trans-title=The Legacy of Darul Uloom Deoband}}</ref><ref name="Khalili">{{cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili |url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2 |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame' o Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date=October 2020 |location=Deoband |page=342 |language=ur |trans-title=A comprehensive and brief history of Darul Uloom Deoband |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>

* ''Ismat-e-Anbiya aur Maulana Maududi''
* ''I'jaaz-e-Qurani''
* ''Raza Khanit ke Alamatī Masā'il''
* ''Al-Adad al-Sahih fi Raka'at al-Tarawih''
* ''Namazon ke Baad ki Dua''
* ''Shahid-e-Karbala aur Kirdar-e-Yazid''
* ''Muqtadi par Fatiha Wajib Nahin''
* ''Angusht Bosi se Bible Bosi tak''
* ''Tark-e-Taqleed Ek Bidat Hai'' (Urdu translation of ''Bida'at-u-Tark al-Madhāhib al-Fiqhiyyah'' by Adeeb al-Kamdāni)
* ''Barelwiyat ka Sheesh Mahal''
* ''Mas'ala-e-Qudrat''
* ''Hadith-e-Thaqalayn''
* ''Khutbat-e-Munazir-e-Islam''<ref name="Habib">{{cite web |last=Azmi |first=Habib |date=11 July 2023 |title=Munazir-e-Islam Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi |trans-title=Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi – A Profile |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/3412 |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=Deoband Online}}</ref>

== Death ==
Gayavi died on 10 July 2023 (21 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444 AH) in [[Arrah]], Bhojpur district, Bihar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi ka Sanihah Irtihaal |trans-title=The Passing of Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi |url=https://urdu.thehindustangazette.com/scenes-of-islam-the-tragedy-of-maulana-syed-tahir-hussain-gyavi/ |access-date=21 June 2025 |work=The Hindustan Gazette |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="ETV">{{cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=Gaya ke Ma'aruf Aalim-e-Deen Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi ka Inteqal |trans-title=Well-known Scholar from Gaya Passes Away |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/bihar/maulana-syed-tahir-hussain-gyavi-a-well-known-religious-scholar-of-gaya-passed-away/na20230711111311489489208 |access-date=21 June 2025 |work=[[ETV Bharat News]] |language=ur}}</ref> His funeral prayer was held the next day after [[Maghrib prayer]] at Wali Ganj Haveli Mosque in Arrah, followed by burial at the local cemetery in Rauzah Ganj.<ref name="ETV" />

Sanaul Huda Qasmi, Deputy Administrator of [[Imarat-e-Shariah]], described Gayavi's death as a significant loss for Islamic scholarship. He stated that Gayavi had dedicated over five decades to advocating the Hanafi school of thought and the Deobandi tradition, particularly in India and among related scholarly circles.<ref name="Tarjaman">{{cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Sanaul Huda |date=10 July 2023 |title=مناظر اسلام حضرت مولانا سید طاہرگیاوی صاحب کا انتقال علمی دنیا کا بڑا خسارہ |trans-title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Gayavi's Death is a Great Loss to the Academic World |url=https://qaumitarjuman.com/maulan-tahir-gayavi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711001316/https://qaumitarjuman.com/maulan-tahir-gayavi/ |archive-date=2023-07-11 |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=Qaumi Tarjuman |language=ur}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]

Tahir Hussain Gayavi - Revision history

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