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External links

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	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517144514/http://mycitychanda.com/ Chandrapur-information portal]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517144514/http://mycitychanda.com/ Chandrapur-information portal]
	* [https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba]		* [https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba]
			* [https://www.tadobanationalparkonline.in/ Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]


	{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}		{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}

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	After the scorching summers where the mercury rises up to 48 degrees, the arrival of monsoon in June is a big relief. Though the climate becomes highly humid, the rains do not fail to revive the jungle. As the rains make the terrain inaccessible the core zones of the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve are closed between July and September and only buffer zone is open for the tourists. The visit to Tadoba National Park in monsoon is a sheer bliss where you can witness a completely different Tadoba.		After the scorching summers where the mercury rises up to 48 degrees, the arrival of monsoon in June is a big relief. Though the climate becomes highly humid, the rains do not fail to revive the jungle. As the rains make the terrain inaccessible the core zones of the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve are closed between July and September and only buffer zone is open for the tourists. The visit to Tadoba National Park in monsoon is a sheer bliss where you can witness a completely different Tadoba.

	Winter is the ideal time to explore Tadoba with lush greenery around. Starting from October winter lasts till February. Though the winters are not very cool in Tadoba the temperature ranges between ~~20°C~~ and ~~30°C~~.<ref>https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba</ref>		Winter is the ideal time to explore Tadoba with lush greenery around. Starting from October winter lasts till February. Though the winters are not very cool in Tadoba the temperature ranges between 20 °C and 30 °C.<ref>https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba</ref>

	==Flora==		==Flora==

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Fauna

New page

{{Short description|National park and wildlife sanctuary in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve
| iucn_category = II
| photo = Panthera tigris tigris Tidoba 20150306.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Maya of Tadoba walks on the road
| photo_width =
| map = India |relief=1
| location = [[Chandrapur district]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Chandrapur]] {{convert|45|km}} E
| coordinates = {{coord|20|16|0|N|79|24|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|625.4|km2}}
| established = 1955
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = Maharashtra Forest Department
| website = {{URL|www.mytadoba.org}}
}}
The '''Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve''' is a wildlife sanctuary in [[Chandrapur district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[India]]. It is Maharashtra's oldest and largest [[National parks of India|national park]]. Created in 1955, the reserve includes the Tadoba National Park and the Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary. The reserve consists of {{convert|577.96|km2|mi2}} of [[Reserved forests and protected forests of India|reserved forest]] and {{convert|32.51|km2|mi2}} of protected forest.<ref name="PT" />

==Etymology==
"Tadoba" is taken from the name of the god "Tadoba" or "Taru", worshipped by the [[tribal people|tribes]] who live in the dense forests of the Tadoba and Andhari region, while "Andhari" refers to the [[Andhari river]] that meanders through the forest.<ref name="SA">
{{citation|url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=568&Itemid=192Tadoba-andhari|title= Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve-History|publisher= Sanctuary Asia|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref>

==History==
Legend holds that Taru was a village chief who was killed in a mythological encounter with a tiger. Taru was deified and a shrine dedicated to Taru now exists beneath a large tree on the banks of Tadoba Lake.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |last1=Times Travel Editor |title=TADOBA ANDHARI TIGER RESERVE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/Maharashtra/Tadoba-Andhari-Tiger-Reserve/ps29668160.cms |access-date=20 June 2021 |agency=Times of India |publisher=Times group |date=26 May 2017}}</ref> The temple is frequented by [[adivasi]]s, especially during a fair held annually in the Hindu month of [[Pausha]] (December–January).

The [[Gondi people|Gond]] kings once ruled these forests in the vicinity of the [[Chimur]] hills. Hunting was banned in 1935. Two decades later, in 1955, {{convert|116.54|km2|mi2}} of this forest area was declared a [[National parks of India|national park]]. Andhari [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|Wildlife Sanctuary]] was created in the adjacent forests in 1986. In 1995, the park and the sanctuary were merged to establish the present tiger reserve.<ref name="SA"/>

== Geography ==
Tadoba Andhari Reserve is the largest national park in [[Maharashtra]]. The total area of the reserve is {{convert|625.4|km2|mi2}}. This includes Tadoba National Park, with an area of {{convert|116.55|km2|mi2}} and Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary with an area of {{convert|508.85|km2|mi2}}. The reserve also includes {{convert|32.51|km2|mi2}} of protected forest and {{convert|14.93|km2|mi2}} of uncategorised land.

To the southwest is the {{convert|120|ha}} Tadoba Lake which acts as a buffer between the park's forest and the extensive farmland which extends up to Irai water reservoir. This lake is a perennial water source which offers a good habitat for Muggar crocodiles to thrive. Other wetland areas within the reserve include Kolsa Lake and the [[Andhari river]].

Tadoba Reserve covers the Chimur Hills, and the Andhari sanctuary covers the Moharli and Kolsa ranges. Nerest village from this place is Durgapur. It is bounded on the northern and western sides by densely forested hills. Thick forests are relieved by smooth meadows and deep valleys as the terrain slopes from north to south. Cliffs, talus, and caves provide refuge for several animals. The two forested rectangles are formed of the Tadoba and Andhari ranges. The south part of the park is less hilly than the remainder.

==Weather and Climate of Tadoba==
Winters stretch from November to February; during this season, daytime temperatures are in the 25°–30 °C range and the park is lush green. While summers are extremely hot in Tadoba, with the temperature rising to 47 °C, it is the ideal time to sight mammals near lakes as vegetation is minimal. The monsoon season begins in June; the area receives heavy rainfall during this season (approx.1275 mm) and humidity hovers around 66%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tadobanationalpark.in/climate-and-weather.html|title=Climate and Weather of Tadoba National Park|website=www.tadobanationalpark.in|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>

After the scorching summers where the mercury rises up to 48 degrees, the arrival of monsoon in June is a big relief. Though the climate becomes highly humid, the rains do not fail to revive the jungle. As the rains make the terrain inaccessible the core zones of the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve are closed between July and September and only buffer zone is open for the tourists. The visit to Tadoba National Park in monsoon is a sheer bliss where you can witness a completely different Tadoba.

Winter is the ideal time to explore Tadoba with lush greenery around. Starting from October winter lasts till February. Though the winters are not very cool in Tadoba the temperature ranges between 20°C and 30°C.<ref>https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba</ref>

==Flora==
[[File:Tadoba in morning.jpg|thumb|A path in Tadoba Forest]]

Tadoba Reserve is a predominantly [[Central Deccan Plateau Dry Deciduous Forests|southern tropical dry deciduous forest]] with dense woodlands comprising about eighty seven per cent of the protected area. [[Teak]] is the predominant tree species. Other deciduous trees found in this area include ''ain'' ([[Terminalia elliptica|crocodile bark]]), [[Pterocarpus marsupium|bija]], [[Anogeissus latifolia|dhauda]], hald, [[Boswellia serrata|salai]], [[Bombax ceiba|semal]] and [[Diospyros melanoxylon|tendu]]. [[Terminalia belerica|Beheda]], [[Terminalia chebula|hirda]], [[Sterculia|karaya gum]], [[Lagerstroemia|mahua madhuca]] (crepe myrtle), ''palas'' (flame-of-the-forest, ''[[Butea monosperma]]'') and ''[[Lannea coromandelica]]'' (wodier tree). Axlewood (''[[Anogeissus latifolia]]'', a fire-resistant species), [[Syzygium cumini|black plum]] and [[Terminalia arjuna|''arjun'']] are some of the other tropical trees that grow in this reserve.

Patches of [[grass]]es are found throughout the reserve. [[Dendrocalamus strictus|Bamboo]] thickets grow throughout the reserve in abundance. The climber [[Mucuna pruriens|kach kujali]] (velvet bean) found here is a medicinal plant used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]]. The leaves of [[Chloroxylon swietenia|bheria]] are used as an insect repellent and [[Pterocarpus marsupium|bija]] is a medicinal gum. [[Terminalia belerica|Beheda]] is also an important medicine found here.<ref name="PT">{{citation |url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/tadoba.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040527191816/http://projecttiger.nic.in/tadoba.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2004 |title=Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve |work=Reserve Guide - Project Tiger Reserves in India |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority |access-date=29 February 2012 }}</ref><ref name="SAH">{{citation|title=Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve-Habitat|url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=568&Itemid=192Tadoba-andhari|publisher=Sanctuary Asia|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref>

==Fauna==
[[File:Sambar-Tadoba TR.jpg|thumb|Sambar-Tadoba TR]]
[[File:Leopard in Tadoba TR.jpg|thumb|Leopard in Tadoba TR]]
[[File:Tiger chasing a wild Pig.jpg|thumb|Tiger chasing a wild pig]]
[[File:Sloth Bear In Tadoba TR.jpg|thumb|Sloth bear in Tadoba TR]]
[[File:TigresswithCubs.jpg|thumb|right|Tigress Maya with her cubs]]
[[File:Madhuri (Tigeress) - Agarzari Buffer - TATR.jpg|thumb|right|Tigress Madhuri in the Agarzari Buffer]]
As of August 2016, there are 88 [[tigers]] in the reserve, and 58 in the forests immediately outside the reserve.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Problem-of-plenty-hits-Tadoba-tiger-conservation-work/articleshow/53642600.cms|title=Problem of plenty hits Tadoba tiger conservation work|last=Mazhar|first=Ali|date=11 August 2016|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=5 September 2016}}</ref>

Aside from the [[keystone species]], the [[Bengal tiger]], Tadoba Tiger Reserve is home to other [[mammal]]s, including: [[Indian leopard]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/man-animal-conflict-on-the-rise-in-maharashtra-meditating-monk-killed-by-leopard/330296|title=Man-animal conflict on the rise in Maharashtra: Meditating monk killed by leopard|date=13 December 2018|website=Times Now News|language=en-GB|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> [[sloth bear]]s, [[gaur]], [[nilgai]], [[dhole]], [[striped hyena]], [[small Indian civet]], [[jungle cat]]s, [[Sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[barking deer]], [[chital]], [[chausingha]] and [[honey badger]]. Tadoba lake sustains the [[marsh crocodile]], which was once common all over [[Maharashtra]]. [[Reptile]]s here include the endangered [[Indian python]] and the [[Varanus bengalensis|common Indian monitor]]. [[Terrapin]]s, [[Indian star tortoise]], [[Indian cobra]] and [[Daboia|Russel's viper]] also live in Tadoba.The lake contains a wide variety of [[water bird]]s, and [[Falconiformes|raptors]]. 195 species of birds have been recorded, including three [[endangered species]]. The [[grey-headed fish eagle]], the [[crested serpent eagle]], and the [[changeable hawk-eagle]] are some of the raptors seen in the park.[[File:Indian Paradise Flycatcher - Female - TATR.jpg|thumb|Indian Paradise Flycatcher - Female - Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, female guarding its nest weaved on a bamboo twig.]]Other bird species found in the reserve include the [[orange-headed thrush]], [[Indian pitta]], [[crested treeswift]], [[stone curlew]], [[crested honey buzzard]], [[paradise flycatcher]], [[bronze-winged jacana]], [[black-rumped flameback|lesser goldenbacked woodpecker]], various [[warbler]]s, [[black-naped monarch|black-naped blue flycatcher]] and the [[Pavo cristatus|Indian peafowl]].74 species of butterflies have been recorded including [[Junonia|pansies]], [[Monarch (butterfly)|monarchs]], [[Papilio|mormons]] and [[Graphium (butterfly)|swordtails]].Insect species include the endangered [[Hypolimnas misippus|danaid egg-fly]] and [[Hypolimnas bolina|great eggfly]]. [[Dragonfly|Dragonflies]], [[stick insect]]s, [[jewel beetle]]s and the [[praying mantis]] are other insects in the reserve.The [[Argiope anasuja|signature spider]], [[giant wood spider]] and [[Nephila pilipes|red wood spiders]] are often seen during the monsoon and soon after. Some hunting spiders like the [[wolf spider]]s, [[crab spider]]s and [[lynx spider]]s are also common.<ref name="SAW">{{citation|url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=568&Itemid=192Tadoba-andhari
|title= Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve-Wildlife|publisher= Sanctuary Asia|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref>
A [[black panther]] was spotted in May 2018. As per the officials, it is a rare sight since black panthers normally live in evergreen forests and not in dry deciduous forests like Tadoba Tiger Reserve.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinjarkar |first1=Vijay |title=Maharashtra: Rare black panther spotted in tiger reserve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/belgian-diplomat-spots-rare-black-panther-in-maharashtra/articleshow/64296555.cms |access-date=1 May 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 May 2018}}</ref>

==Threats==
There are 41,644 people living in and around the reserve in fifty nine villages of which five are inside the core zone. These villages in the core zone still farm inside the core area. The process of rehabilitation is going on. Recently the Navegaon village was rehabilitated, and grassland is expected on the place where the village existed. There are 41,820 cattle within the core and buffer zone. While cattle grazing is not allowed in the core zone, regulated grazing in the buffer zone is allowed to cattle of the village inhabitants. However, cattle in peripheral villages sometimes find their way into the reserve and cause additional damage to the habitat.

Forest fires are a constant problem in the dry season,<ref>{{cite news |title=WWF-India and TRAFFIC strengthen capacity and law enforcement in Maharashtra's tiger areas |url=https://www.wwfindia.org/?3360/Maharashtras-tiger-areas |publisher=WWF-India |date=1 August 2009 |access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> consistently burning between 2% and 16% of the park each year. The killing of domestic livestock by tigers and leopards is a frequent phenomenon in the neighboring villages. This has an adverse impact on the economic condition of the local people and results in a negative view of reserve management. In the year 2013 at least four people and 30-50 cattle were killed by leopards, tigers or sloth bears. Densely forested hills form the northern and western boundary of the tiger reserve. The elevation of the hills ranges from {{convert|200|m}} to {{convert|350|m}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve}}
* [https://archive.is/20130204024204/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/government-and-policy/article2945242.ece Tiger conservation: Maharashtra villagers get first instalment of rehab package], The Hindu, 29 February 2012
* [http://vimeo.com/37641054 A Virtual Visit to Tadoba], 2:32, by Kiran G
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517144514/http://mycitychanda.com/ Chandrapur-information portal]
* [https://incredibletadoba.com/ Incredible Tadoba]

{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}
{{Chandrapur district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India]]
[[Category:Chandrapur district]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:National parks in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1955]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Maharashtra]]

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Revision history

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