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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 4 June 2022
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	[[File:Atacms 02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|The [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] tactical ballistic missile firing]]		[[File:Atacms 02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|The [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] tactical ballistic missile firing]]

	A '''tactical ballistic missile''' ('''TBM'''), or '''battlefield range ballistic missile''' ('''BRBM'''), is a [[ballistic missile]] designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, [[range (aeronautics)\|range]] is less than {{convert\|300\|km\|mi}}.{{according to ~~whom~~\|date=April 2018}} Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of [[warhead]]s to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, [[Chemical warfare\|chemical]], [[Biological warfare\|biological]], or [[nuclear warhead]]s. Typically [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets.		A '''tactical ballistic missile''' ('''TBM'''), or '''battlefield range ballistic missile''' ('''BRBM'''), is a [[ballistic missile]] designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, [[range (aeronautics)\|range]] is less than {{convert\|300\|km\|mi}}.{{according to who\|date=April 2018}} Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of [[warhead]]s to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, [[Chemical warfare\|chemical]], [[Biological warfare\|biological]], or [[nuclear warhead]]s. Typically [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets.

	==Design==		==Design==
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	\|		\|
	\|[[Liquid-propellant rocket\|Liquid propelled]]		\|[[Liquid-propellant rocket\|Liquid propelled]]
	\|~~280~~ km		\|<span style="display:none;">0120</span> 280–700 km
	\|2017		\|2017
	\|		\|
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	! [[LORA (missile)\|LORA]]		! [[LORA (missile)\|LORA]]
	\| \|\|		\| \|\|
	\| <span style="display:none;" >~~0300~~</span> ~~400~~ km~~<ref>[http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-aerospace-tests-long-range-lora-missile-1001193297 Israel Aerospace tests long-range LORA missile] 20 Jun, 2017 12:36~~		\| <span style="display:none;">0120</span> 400–800 km \|\| 2005 \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Israel}} \|\|
	~~Globes correspondent</ref>~~ \|\| 2005 \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Israel}} \|\|

	\|-		\|-
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	! [[Predator Hawk]]		! [[Predator Hawk]]
	\| \|\|		\| \|\|
	\| <span style="display:none;" >~~0500~~</span> ~~300 km \|~~\| 2016 \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Israel}} \|\|		\|<span style="display:none;">0120</span> 300–400km
			\| 2016 \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Israel}} \|\|

	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	! [[BRE (rocket)\|BRE8 King Dragon/Fire Dragon]][[Solid propellant rocket\|Solid propelled]]		! [[BRE (rocket)\|BRE8 King Dragon/Fire Dragon]]
	~~\| \|\|~~		\| \|\|[[Solid propellant rocket\|Solid propelled]]
	\| <span style="display:none;" >0500</span> 280–300 km \|\| 2014? \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|China}} \|\|		\| <span style="display:none;" >0500</span> 280–300 km \|\| 2014? \|\| \|\| {{Flag\|China}} \|\|

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	\|\|100–130 km\|\|1980's\|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Iran}} \|\|		\|\|100–130 km\|\|1980's\|\| \|\| {{Flag\|Iran}} \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! [[~~Јерина~~-1]]~~{{cn\|date=December 2021}}~~		! [[%C5%A0umadija_(multiple_rocket_launcher)\|Jerina-1]]
	\| \|\|[[Solid propellant rocket\|Solid propelled]]		\| \|\|[[Solid-propellant rocket\|Solid propelled]]<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.edepro.com/innovation/missiles/mlrs-400mm-jerina-1-j1- \| title=EDePro, Engine Development and Production }}</ref>
	\| \|285-300 km\|\|2017\|\| \|\|		\| \|285-300 km\|\|2017\|\| \|\|
	{{Flag\|Serbia}}		{{Flag\|Serbia}}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! [[~~Јерина~~-2]]~~{{cn\|date=December 2021}}~~		! [[%C5%A0umadija_(multiple_rocket_launcher)\|Jerina-2]]
	\| \|\|[[~~Solid~~ propellant rocket\|~~Solid~~ propelled]]		\| \|\|[[Liquid propellant rocket\|Liquid propelled]]
	\| \|75 km\|\|2017\|\| \|\|		\| \|75 km\|\|2017\|\| \|\|
	{{Flag\|Serbia}}		{{Flag\|Serbia}}

>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

2021-12-23T13:57:42Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

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{{Short description|Ballistic missile designed for short-range use on the battlefield}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{one source|date=April 2020}}

[[File:Atacms 02.jpg|thumb|right|The [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] tactical ballistic missile firing]]

A '''tactical ballistic missile''' ('''TBM'''), or '''battlefield range ballistic missile''' ('''BRBM'''), is a [[ballistic missile]] designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, [[range (aeronautics)|range]] is less than {{convert|300|km|mi}}.{{according to whom|date=April 2018}} Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of [[warhead]]s to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, [[Chemical warfare|chemical]], [[Biological warfare|biological]], or [[nuclear warhead]]s. Typically [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets.

==Design==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}
Tactical ballistic missiles fill the gap between conventional [[rocket artillery]] and longer-range [[short-range ballistic missile]]s. Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or gun [[artillery]], while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles. Additionally, due to their mobility, tactical missiles are better suited to responding to developments on the battlefield.

For many nations, tactical missiles represent the upper limit of their land-based military equipment. They can provide a powerful weapon for a very economical price, and in some cases are sought to help level the field against opponents who are clearly superior in other areas of military technology. Currently, ballistic missile technology is relatively accessible to nations that may find other military technology beyond easy reach.

Ballistic missiles are still difficult to defeat on the battlefield. Newer air defense systems have improved ability to intercept tactical missiles, but still can not reliably protect assets against ballistic missile threats. This allows a moderate force of missiles to threaten a superior enemy by penetrating their air defenses better than with conventional aircraft, while providing a deeper strike than conventional artillery.

== Propulsion ==
Early large rockets and missiles were propelled by [[liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-propellant rocket engine]]s, as the first types developed. These were replaced as soon as possible by [[solid fuel rocket motor]]s. Liquid propellants involve [[cryogenic]] ([[liquid oxygen]]) or corrosive ([[nitric acid]]) [[oxidiser]]s. These must be loaded before launch, delaying the rocket's time into action. This delay was a problem for large strategic missiles, but especially so for tactical.

Missiles, particularly in the Soviet Union, switched to using storable liquid propellants such as [[IRFNA]], inhibited nitric acid. These were still hazardous to handle, but could be stored pre-loaded in the missile. This also allowed the development of single vehicle [[transporter erector launcher]]s (TEL), rather than the previous convoy of carriers, launchers, fuel vehicles and service vehicles.

Western missiles adopted solid propellants instead,{{efn-lr|The liquid-fuelled [[MGM-52 Lance]] was one exception, remaining in service until the end of the [[Cold War]].}} which were inherently storable, and later [[Warsaw Pact|Warpac]] missiles followed suit. Tactical missiles are now almost universally solid-fuelled, except for some satellite states using indigenous developments of the original Scud platform.

==Specific TBMs==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! !! NATO reporting name !! Propellant !! Range !! Introduction !! Withdrawal !! Origin !! Operators

|-
! [[Al-Samoud 2]]
| ||[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
| 0160 180 km || 2001 || 2003 || {{Flag|Iraq}} ||

|-
! [[Al Hussein (missile)|Al-Hussein]]
| || [[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
|600–650 km||1987||1991|| {{Flag|Iraq}} ||

|-
! [[Blue Water (missile)|Blue Water]]
| ||
| || 1960 ''(first flight)'' || ''cancelled'' 1962 || {{Flag|United Kingdom}} ||

|-
! [[MGM-140 ATACMS]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0300 300 km || 1986 || 2007 (program terminated, missile remains in service) || {{Flag|United States}}
|{{unbulleted list|{{BHR}}|{{GRC}}|{{TWN}}|{{KOR}}|{{TUR}}|{{UAE}}}}

|-
! [[MGM-52 Lance]]
| || [[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
| 0120 120 km || 1972 || 1992 || {{Flag|United States}} || {{unbulleted list|{{Flag|Belgium}} {{Flag|West Germany}} | {{Flag|Israel}} |{{Flag|Italy}} |{{Flag|Netherlands}}|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}}}
|-
! [[PGM-11 Redstone]]
| ||[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
| 92.5 km-323 km || 1958 || 1964 || {{Flag|USA}} ||
|-
! [[MGM-18 Lacrosse]]
| ||
| 19 km || 1959 || 1964 || {{Flag|USA}} ||
|-
! [[WS-1]]
| ||
| 0180 60–180 km || ≈1990 || || {{Flag|China}} ||

|-
! [[Weishi Rockets|WS-2 / WS-3]]
| ||
| 0180 70–200 km || ≈2004 || || {{Flag|China}} ||

|-
! [[DTI-1]]
| ||
| 0180 60–180 km || || || {{Flag|Thailand}} ||

|-
! [[Grom (missile system)]]
| ||
| 0180 280–500 km || || || {{Flag|Ukraine}} ||

|-
! [[Shaurya (missile)|Shaurya]]
| || [[Solid propellant rocket|two-stage solid propelled]]
| 700-1900 km || 2011 || || {{Flag|India}} ||

|-
! [[Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar]]
| || [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 150 km || 2011 || || {{Flag|India}} ||

|-
! [[Prahaar (missile)#Pragati|Pragati]]
| || [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 170 km || 2013 || || {{Flag|India}} ||

|-
! [[Prahaar (missile)#Pranash|Pranash]]
| || [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 200 km || TBD || ||
{{Flag|India}}
|
|-

! [[Pralay (missile)|Pralay]]
| || [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 150-500 km || TBD || || {{Flag|India}} ||
|-

! [[Ghaznavi (missile)]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0320290–320 km || 2004 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||

|-
! [[Nasr (missile)|Nasr/Hatf IX]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 007070 km || 2013 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||

|-
! [[Abdali-I|Abdali/Hatf-II]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0180180 km || 2002 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||

|-
! [[Hatf-I]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0100 70 km || 1990 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||
|-
! [[Hatf-I|Hatif-1A]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0100 100 km || 1990 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||

|-
! [[Hatf-I|Hatif-1B]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0100 100 km || 1990 || || {{Flag|Pakistan}} ||

|-
! [[Sky Spear]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0300 120–300 km || 2001 || || {{Flag|Taiwan}} ||

|-
! [[J-600T missile|J-600T Yıldırım]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0900 150–900 km || 1998 || || {{Flag|Turkey}} ||

|-
! [[TOROS artillery rocket system|TOROS]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0160 100–160 km || || || {{Flag|Turkey}} ||
|-
![[Bora (missile)|Bora]]
|
|[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
|280 km
|2017
|
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|
|-
! [[T-300 Kasırga]]
| ||
| 0120 100–120 km || || || {{Flag|Turkey}} ||
|-
! [[R-11 Zemlya]] || SS-1b Scud-A
| [[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
| 0700 180 km || 1958 || || {{Flag|USSR}} ||
|-
! [[2K1 Mars]] || FROG-2
| [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0700 7–18 km || || || {{Flag|USSR}} ||
|-
! [[Scud|R-17/R-300 Elbrus]] || SS-1c Scud-B SS-1d Scud-C SS-1e Scud-D
| [[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
| 0700 300–700 km || 1964 || || {{Flag|USSR}} ||

|-
! [[OTR-21 Tochka]] || SS-21 Scarab
| [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0185 70–185 km || 1975 || || {{Flag|USSR}}
| {{unbulleted list|{{ARM}} |{{AZE}} |{{BLR}} |{{BUL}} |{{KAZ}} |{{PRK}} |{{RUS}}| {{UKR}} |{{SYR}} |{{YEM}} '''Former''': |{{CZS}} |{{CZE}} |{{DDR}}| {{GER}} |{{LIT}}| {{POL}} |{{SVK}}|{{USSR}}}}
|-
! [[OTR-23 Oka]] || SS-23 Spider
| [[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0120 500 km || 1979 || 1987 || {{Flag|USSR}} ||

|-
! [[2K6 Luna]] || Frog-3, Frog-5
|
| 0050 10–50 km || 1960 || 1982 || {{Flag|USSR}}
| {{unbulleted list|{{AFG|1987}} |{{flag|Algeria}}| {{flag|Cuba}} |{{flag|East Germany}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}}| {{flag|Libya|1977}}| {{flag|North Korea}} |{{flag|Poland}} |{{flag|Romania}} |{{flag|Soviet Union}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Yemen}} |{{flag|Yugoslavia}}}}

|-
! [[9K52 Luna-M]] || Frog-7
|
| 0050 70 km || 1964 || || {{Flag|USSR}}
| {{unbulleted list|{{ALG}} |{{AFG}} |{{BLR}}| {{EGY}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{PRK}} |{{RUS}}| {{SYR}} |{{UKR}} |{{YEM}} '''Former'''| {{BUL}}| {{CUB}} |{{CZS}}| {{DDR}} |{{HUN}}| {{IRQ}} |{{KUW}} |{{flag|Lebanon}}| {{POL}} |{{ROM}}| {{flag|South Yemen}}| {{USSR}} |{{YUG}}}}

|-
! [[LORA (missile)|LORA]]
| ||
| 0300 400 km<ref>[http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-aerospace-tests-long-range-lora-missile-1001193297 Israel Aerospace tests long-range LORA missile] 20 Jun, 2017 12:36
Globes correspondent</ref> || 2005 || || {{Flag|Israel}} ||

|-
! [[KN-02 Toksa]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0160 120–160 km || 2008 || || {{Flag|North Korea}} ||
|-
![[KN-23]]
|
|[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
|450 km<ref>{{Cite web|title=KN-23|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-23/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=Missile Threat|language=en-US}}</ref>
|2018
|
|{{Flag|North Korea}}
|
|-
![[KN-24]]
|
|[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
|410 km<ref>{{Cite web|title=KN-24|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kn-24/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=Missile Threat|language=en-US}}</ref>
|2019
|
|{{Flag|North Korea}}
|
|-
! [[KN-25]]
| ||
| 0160 380 km || 2019 || || {{Flag|North Korea}} ||

|-
! [[9K720 Iskander]] || SS-26 Stone
|[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0500 400–500 km || 2006 || || {{Flag|Russia}} ||

|-
! [[Predator Hawk]]
| ||
| 0500 300 km || 2016 || || {{Flag|Israel}} ||

|-
! [[KTSSM]]
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| 0500 120 km || 2019 || || {{Flag|South Korea}} ||

|-
! [[BRE (rocket)|BRE8 King Dragon/Fire Dragon]][[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| ||
| 0500 280–300 km || 2014? || || {{Flag|China}} ||

|-
! [[Burkan-1]]
| ||
| 0800 800 km ||2016|| || {{Flag|Yemen}} ||

|-
! [[al-Najm al-Thaqib (missile)|al-Najm al-Thaqib-1]]
| ||
| 045 45 km ||2015 || || {{Flag|Yemen}} ||

|-
! [[al-Najm al-Thaqib (missile)|al-Najm al-Thaqib-2]]
| ||
| 075 75 km ||2015 || || {{Flag|Yemen}} ||

|-
! [[Fajr-5#Two-stage rocket|Fajr-5]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
|| 180 km || 1990s || || {{Flag|Iran}} || {{unbulleted list|{{SYR}}| {{YEM}} |{{IRQ}}| {{LBN}}}}

|-
! [[Shahab-1]]
| ||
|0350 350 km || 1987 || ~2016 || {{Flag|Iran}} ||

|-
! [[Shahab-2]]
| ||[[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid propelled]]
|| 500 km || 1990 || 2016 || {{Flag|Iran}} ||

|-
! [[Fateh-110]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
|| 300 km || 2002 || || {{Flag|Iran}} || {{unbulleted list|{{SYR}}| {{LBN}}}}

|-
! [[Fateh-313]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||500 km|| 2015 || || {{Flag|Iran}} ||

|-
! [[Qiam 1]]
| ||[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]]
||800 km||2010|| || {{Flag|Iran}} || {{YEM}}

|-
! [[Zelzal-1]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||160 km||1990|| || {{Flag|Iran}} ||

|-
! [[Zelzal-2]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||210 km||1998|| || {{Flag|Iran}} || {{unbulleted list|{{SYR}} |{{YEM}}|{{LBN}}}}

|-
! [[Zelzal-3]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||200–250 km||2007|| || {{Flag|Iran}} ||{{SYR}}

|-
! [[Naze'at#Specifications|Naze'at 6-H]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||80–100 km||1980's|| || {{Flag|Iran}} ||

|-
! [[Naze'at#Specifications|Naze'at 10-H]]
| ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
||100–130 km||1980's|| || {{Flag|Iran}} ||
|-
! [[Јерина-1]]{{cn|date=December 2021}}
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| |285-300 km||2017|| ||
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
|-
! [[Јерина-2]]{{cn|date=December 2021}}
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]
| |75 km||2017|| ||
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of missiles]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist-lr}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Missile types}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tactical ballistic missiles| ]]

Tactical ballistic missile - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}