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	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~

	==References==		==References==

->WikipedianUser12 at 16:36, 26 November 2021

2021-11-26T16:36:35Z

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{{Other uses|Manjira River|Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name = Manjira (instrument)
| names = Manjeera
| image =Khuti taal.jpg
| image_capt =
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The '''taal''' ({{lang-as|তাল}}; {{Lang-or|ଗିନି}}, Gini; {{Lang-ta|தாளம்}} ), '''manjira''' (also spelled '''manjīrā''' or '''manjeera'''), '''jalra''', '''karatala''', '''kartal''' or '''gini''' is a pair of clash [[cymbal]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4to40.com/music/article.asp?p=Musical_Instruments_-_Solids&c=Musical_Instrument&sc=Solid_Instrument |title=Solid Instrument Article, Musical Instruments: Solids, Solid Instrument From New Delhi, Solid Instrument Musical Instrument, Popular Solid Instrument, New Delhi Based Solid Instrument |publisher=4to40.com |date=2007-03-14 |access-date=2013-02-28}}</ref> originating in the [[Indian subcontinent]], which make high-pitched percussion sounds. In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand cymbals.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Caudhurī, Vimalakānta Rôya|year=2007|title=The Dictionary Of Hindustani Classical Music|location=Delhi, India|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind00roya/page/173 173]|isbn=978-81-208-1708-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind00roya/page/173}}, originally published in 2000</ref> The word taal comes from the Sanskrit word ''Tālà'', which literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g. [[Bihu]] music, Harinaam etc. It is a type of Ghana vadya.

In Hindu religious contexts it is known as '''karatalas''' ({{lang-sa|करताल}}, [[IAST]]: {{IAST|Karatāla}}; ''kara'' "hand", "arm" and ''tāla'' "rhythm", "beat"), typically used to accompany devotional music such as [[bhajan]] and [[kirtan]]. They are commonly used by [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] devotees when performing [[harinam]], but are ubiquitous to all Hindu devotional music. It is also called '''karatala''' or kartal (pronounced as “kartel”) in some contexts.

==Materials used==
[[File:Manjeera or Taal.jpg|thumb|140px|Manjeera]]
The clash cymbal, taal is made of bell metals i.e. bronze, brass, copper, zinc etc. Each cymbal is connected with a cord which passes through hole in its center. The pitch of different types of taal vary according to their size, weight and the materials used. A player can also adjust the timbre by varying the point of contact while playing.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

Manjiras are usually made of bronze, brass, copper, or zinc. The name manjira or khartal can also refer to a similar instrument made of a wooden frame with rows of cymbals inside.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

[[File:Vur tal.jpg|thumb|Larger version of manjira, ''Taal'']]

==Types==

There are many types of Taal, categorised by size, weight and appearance.
* Bortaal ({{lang-as|বৰতাল}}) is the big size clash cymbal, Its weight approx. 1½−2 kg. The player who plays Bortaal is called in Assam as ''Gayan''. Bortaal is a symbol of Assamese traditional culture. Sometimes, the players perform dance-music with both e.g. in Gayan-Bayan, Bortaal Nritya etc. Sometimes the player perform with only music e.g. in Harinaam, Dihanaam etc. The rhythmic high-pitched sound of the Bortaal makes the surroundings pure and sacred.
* Majutaal ({{lang-as|মাজুতাল}}) is medium size clash cymbal,
* Khutitaal or Xarutaal ({{lang-as|খুটিতাল বা সৰু তাল}}) is small size clash cymbal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enajori Instruments|url=http://enajori.com/culture/instruments/instruments1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701131637/http://enajori.com/culture/instruments/instruments1.html|archive-date=1 July 2011|access-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> It is also known as [[Manjira]] or [[Karatala]]. It is generally used in traditional, folk and classical music in India. It is also used in dance in [[Bharat Natyam]], [[Kuchipudi]] [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]] [[Mohiniattam]] [[Andhra Natyam]] [[Kathakali]] This Instrument has some other names e.g. thaaleaj (Kashmir), taalam, tala, jalra etc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Courtney |first=David |url=http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/manjira.html |title=Manjira – Indian hand cymbals |publisher=Chandrakantha.com |access-date=2013-02-28}}</ref>
* Ramtaal or Khoritaal ({{lang-as|ৰামতাল বা খৰিতাল}}) are two wooden handled musical instruments, containing multiple pairs of small cymbals. It is generally known India as [[Karatalas|Khartal]].

==Nepal==
[[File:Rai woman, Diktel, Nepal.jpg|thumb|250px|Woman with Jhyamta cymbals, Nepal.]]
The instrument is played in Nepal as well, known as the Jhyamta (Nepali: झ्याम्टा) (phoenetic: Jhyāmṭā), a [[Nepal|Nepali]] traditional musical instrument. The [[Kirat]] community uses this with [[dhol]] (kirat)) in various cultural festivals such as [[Sakela]], [[Chyabrung]], Udhauli, Ubhauli and other social functions.

==Uses==
Manjiras are commonly played in folk and [[devotional music]]. They are played in various religious events and ceremonies in India and especially in [[bhajans]]. Manjiras are ancient musical instruments. Manjiras can be seen in many ancient temple pictures.

===Marathi and Gujrati folk music===
Manjiras have a significant importance in [[Gujarat]]i and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] folk music. In [[Maharashtra]] they are known as Taal (टाळ). Initially Manjiras were played in [[aarti]]. In [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]], manjiras hold great importance and are played in [[bhajan]], [[santvani]] and [[dayro]].

==See also==
*[[Bihu]]
*[[Bihu dance]]
*[[Culture of Assam]]
*[[Clash cymbals]]

===Other instruments in Hinduism===
*[[Bhajan]]
*[[Khol]]
*[[Maddale]], an instrument used in [[Yakshagana]]
*[[Manjira]]
*[[Mrdanga]]
*[[Mridangam]]
*[[Tabla]]
*[[Thavil]]
*[[Tingsha]]<div style="float:right">
{{Portal|India|Music}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Karatalas links===
{{Commons category}}
*[http://tourismassam.blogspot.com/2008/02/music-of-assam.html Assam Tourism blog]

==External links==
* [http://www.harekrishna.net/forum/topic/show?id=1105629%3ATopic%3A19682 Karatala Lessons Forum for people wanting to learn how to play the karatalas] — dead link (21.5.2013)
* [http://krishnastore.com/video-music-lessons-om-39_42.html Instructional DVDs about karatalas]
* [http://www.shaktishop.com/indianmusic-instruments-c-103.html?language=en where to buy karatala]
* [http://vedaveda.com/carten/index.php?act=viewProd&productId=110 Medium Karatala]
* [http://gopala.org/node/75 Karatalas as weapons]
* [http://srimadbhagavatam.com/k/karatala karatala in the srimadbhagavatam]
* [http://www.krishnastores.com Buying different size Karatala Cymbals]

{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Percussion}}

[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Musical instruments of Assam]]
[[Category:Cymbals]]
[[Category:Percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Idiophones]]
[[Category:Meditation]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]

Taal (instrument) - Revision history

Shannan0997: Improved article clarity and structure

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

->WikipedianUser12 at 16:36, 26 November 2021