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{{short description|Indian entomologist (1880–1952)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[File:TVRamakrishnaAyyar.jpg|thumb]]
'''Tarakad Vaidyanatha Ramakrishna Ayyar''' (20 July 1880 – 13 February 1952) was a pioneer [[India]]n [[Entomology|entomologist]] who worked in the agricultural department in British India. He described numerous species of insect, especially the [[thrips]], catalogued Indian insect pests, taught, and wrote a landmark textbook of entomology, the ''Handbook of Economic Entomology for South India'' (1940).

== Biography ==
[[File:T V Ramakrishna Ayyar.jpg|thumb|left|upright|In younger age]]
Ayyar was born at Tarakad in [[Palakkad|Palghat]] to Vaidyanatha Ayyar, an advocate, and Meenakshiammal. The family had moved to Palghat from Tanjore nearly a century ago., he was the second of three brothers. His early schooling was at the Native High School and later at Victoria College, Palghat. He received a degree in zoology from the [[Madras Christian College]] in 1898 and was awarded a Buckie studentship to continue postgraduate studies. He then went to teach at Maharajah's College in Cochin from 1900 to 1904. A younger brother T.V. Subrahmaniam also became an entomologist. In 1904, he joined as a Research Assistant to Prof. [[Harold Maxwell-Lefroy|H. Maxwell-Lefroy]] at Muzaffarpur. His early work was in examining the natural parasites of bollworm in Surat. In 1905, he moved to the [[Imperial Agricultural Research Institute]] at Pusa and in 1906 he obtained a transfer to the Madras Agricultural Department on the recommendation of Lefroy and in 1908 he transferred to Madras Agricultural College, Coimbatore and became a Senior Entomological Assistant to [[Charles Alfred Barber|C.A. Barber]], the Government Botanist. He taught entomology from 1908 to 1914. He was also first assistant to the Government Entomologist, [[Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher|T. Bainbrigge Fletcher]] and his successor in 1913, Edward Ballard. In 1915-1916 he gave a talk on agricultural entomology at the Madras Exhibition of Arts and Industries of South India.
[[File:Entomology meeting 1919.jpg |thumb|left|T.V. Ramakrishna Ayyar in 1919, sitting, fourth from right]]
In 1915 he was asked to examine an attack of thrips on rice crops. He sent specimens and they were described by [[C.B. Williams]] as ''Thrips oryzae''. He decided that he needed to gain expertise on this group. The idea of pursuing a Ph.D. from Stanford University came from [[K. Kunhikannan]], his entomologist colleague in Mysore. He applied in 1922 but did not follow up and applied yet again in 1924 but did not join. He renewed his application and joined only in summer, 1927. His wife had recently died and placing his children under the care of his oldest son-in-law, he took leave from 1 November 1926 and left India on 14 November. He worked under [[Rennie Wilbur Doane]] and was also assisted by [[Gordon_Floyd_Ferris|Gordon Ferris]]. In 1927 he received a Ph.D. from Stanford University for his work on the thrips of India.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Current Science| volume=105| issue=5| year=2013|pages=712–716 |title=Remembering T. V. Ramakrishna, the doyen of Indian entomologists|author1=Raman, Anantanarayanan |author2=Sharma, Anamika |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/105/05/0712.pdf}}</ref><ref name="ije">{{cite journal|year=1952 |journal=Indian Journal of Entomology |volume=14 |pages=187–190| title=Obituary: T V Ramakrishna Ayyar|author1=Mani, M. S.|author2= Rao, Y. R.}}</ref> On his way back from the US, he visited entomological institutions in Europe and the British Museum, where he examined Indian thrips specimens with Frederick Laing, He rejoined government service on 1 October 1927.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Dr. T.V. Ramakrishna Ayyar: The Entomologist.|author1=Gunathilagaraj, K.|author2=Chitra, N.|author3=Kuttalam, S.|author4=Ramaraju, K.|publisher=Tamil Nadu Agricultural University|year=2018|place=Coimbatore|pages=1–67}}</ref>
[[File:Pest_calendar_1921.jpg|thumb|A pest calendar for Madras compiled by T.V. Ramakrishna Ayyar in 1921, similar to [[:File:Phylloxera_calendar.jpg|contemporary calendars]] made by the US Department of Agriculture]]
Ayyar became a specialist on the thrips and he described numerous new genera and species. Many of his names were derived from Sanskrit rather than Latin or Greek roots. These include such names as ''Thilakothrips'' (thilak being an adornment on the forehead), ''Veerabahuthrips'' (for a long-armed thrips species), ''Arrhenothrips dhumrapaksha'' (=cloud winged), ''Mesothrips bhimabahu'' (a reference to [[Bhima]] and strong fore femora), and ''Ramakrishnaiella nirmalapaksha'' (nirmala -> clear winged). He influenced the entomologist [[T. N. Ananthakrishnan|T.N. Ananthakrishnan]] who also worked on thrips.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=History of Entomology in India|author=Rao, B.R. Subba|publisher=Institution of Agricultural Technologists|year=1998|place=Bangalore|pages=97–101}}</ref> Aiyar retired from the Madras Agricultural College on 20 July 1935. In 1941, on the invitation from the Nizam, he helped the State of Hyderabad establish an entomology research station at Himayatnagar.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Entomological_meeting_1917.jpg|thumb|left|T.V. Ramakrishna Ayyar (seated leftmost) with other entomologists at the 1917 meeting]]Ayyar was a founder of the Entomological Society of India and a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and the Zoological Society, London. ''[[Phyllochoreia|Phyllochoreia ramakrishnai]]'' was named after him.<ref name="ije" /> He was editor of the ''Madras Agricultural Journal'' for a few years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dr. T.V. Ramakrishna Ayyar |pages=290–292| journal=Madras Agricultural Journal|volume=23|issue=7| year=1935|author=Anon.}}</ref> In 1934, he was conferred the title of Rao Sahib.<ref name=":0" /> In 1940 he published the ''Handbook of Economic Entomology for South India'' running to 528 pages and expanded on the earlier 1914 work of T.B. Fletcher.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anon.|date=1942|title=Handbook of Economic Entomology for South India|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=149|issue=3766|pages=9|doi=10.1038/149009d0|bibcode=1942Natur.149S...9.|s2cid=4116759|issn=0028-0836}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Ayyar married Lakshmi from Palghat and they had three daughters and five sons, one of them was T.R. Vaidyanathan who worked as a physicians in Iran during World War I. Another son T.R. Subramaniam became an entomologist and served as a registrar at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. He died from a stroke on the morning of 13 February 1952 at his home in Tarakad.<ref name=":1" />

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* Ayyar, T.V. Ramakrishna (1963). [https://archive.org/details/southindianinsects1963 Handbook of Entomology for South India]. Government of Madras.
* {{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-students-of-insects/article5542551.ece | title=The students of insects | newspaper=The Hindu | date=6 January 2014 | access-date=18 October 2018 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyar, T. V. Ramakrishna}}
[[Category:Indian entomologists]]
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Madras Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from British India]]

T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar - Revision history

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