->Notadogbutafish: Corrected typos

2022-01-03T00:06:20Z

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	\| occupation = Bureaucrat		\| occupation = Bureaucrat
	\| awards = [[Ramon Magsaysay award]] (1996)		\| awards = [[Ramon Magsaysay award]] (1996)
			\| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service\| IAS]]
	}}		}}

	'''[[Thirunellai\|Tirunellai]] Narayana Iyer Seshan''' (15 December 1932 – 10 November 2019) was an Indian civil servant and bureaucrat who served with the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. After serving on various positions in [[Madras State\|Madras]] and in various ministries of the [[Government of India\|Central Government]], he served as the 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] in 1989. He was appointed the 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] (1990–96) and became known for his electoral reforms. He won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1996.		'''[[Thirunellai\|Tirunellai]] Narayana Iyer Seshan''' (15 December 1932 – 10 November 2019) was an Indian civil servant and bureaucrat who served with the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. After serving on various positions in [[Madras State\|Madras]] and in various ministries of the [[Government of India\|Central Government]], he served as the 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] in 1989. He was appointed the 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] (1990–96) and became known for his electoral reforms. He won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1996.

	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
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	==Career==		==Career==
	Seshan was appointed an apprentice administrator, as assistant collector, for a year at [[Coimbatore]], as a trainee of the Academy of Administration in Delhi. He was first appointed sub-collector in [[Dindigul]].<ref name=":2" /> He moved to the Secretariat for Rural Development in [[Chennai\|Madras]] (now Chennai) and appointed director of programs and deputy secretary, where he managed a local administration programme for [[Panchayati raj\|panchayats]], from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=":2" />		Seshan was appointed an apprentice administrator, as an assistant collector, for a year at [[Coimbatore]], as a trainee of the Academy of Administration in Delhi. He was first appointed sub-collector in [[Dindigul]].<ref name=":2" /> He moved to the Secretariat for Rural Development in [[Chennai\|Madras]] (now Chennai) and appointed director of programs and deputy secretary, where he managed a local administration programme for [[Panchayati raj\|panchayats]], from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=":2" />

	In 1962, he was appointed the director of transport of [[Madras State\|Madras]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> In 1964, he was appointed collector of [[Madurai district]]. After two and a half years, he went to study at [[Harvard University]] on Edward S. Mason Fellowship where he earned a master's degree in public administration in 1968.<ref name=":2" />		In 1962, he was appointed as the director of transport of [[Madras State\|Madras]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> In 1964, he was appointed collector of [[Madurai district]]. After two and a half years, he went to study at [[Harvard University]] on Edward S. Mason Fellowship where he earned a master's degree in public administration in 1968.<ref name=":2" /> At Harvard, he developed a connection with [[Subramanian Swamy]] who was his associate professor.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=December 15\|first=CHARU LATA JOSHI\|last2=December 15\|first2=1994 ISSUE DATE:\|last3=July 17\|first3=1994UPDATED:\|last4=Ist\|first4=2013 17:30\|title=I don't hate politicians. I hate bad politics: T.N. Seshan\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19941215-i-do-not-hate-politicians.-i-hate-bad-politics-t.n.-seshan-810006-1994-12-15\|access-date=2021-12-28\|website=India Today\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Narasimhan\|first=T. E.\|date=2012-05-12\|title=T N Seshan, the man who helped clean up India's elections\|work=Business Standard India\|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/-the-more-you-kick-me-112051200032_1.html\|access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref>

	After return, in 1969, he was appointed as secretary to the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India\|Atomic Energy Commission]]. From 1972 to 1976, he served as joint secretary at the [[Department of Space]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1976, he returned to Tamil Nadu and was appointed the state's secretary of industries and of agriculture for brief period. After differences with the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], he resigned and moved to Delhi where he was appointed as a member of the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation\|Oil and Natural Gas Commission]] and was in charge of personnel. After two years, he served as additional secretary to the [[Department of Space]] from 1980 to 1985. Later he became secretary of the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change\|Ministry of Environment and Forests]] from 1985 to 1988. He opposed the [[Tehri Dam\|Tehri dam]] and [[Sardar Sarovar Dam\|Sardar Sarovar dam]] on [[Narmada River\|Narmada river]] during his stint but was overruled. He was later given additional position of secretary of Internal Security which he served until 1989. In 1988, he served secretary of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)\|Ministry of Defence]] for ten months.<ref name=":2" /> He was appointed 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India\|Cabinet Secretary]], the senior most position in the Indian civil service hierarchy, in 1989<ref name=":0" /> and later served as a member of [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />		After his return in 1969, he was appointed as secretary to the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India\|Atomic Energy Commission]]. From 1972 to 1976, he served as joint secretary at the [[Department of Space]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1976, he returned to Tamil Nadu and was appointed the state's secretary of industries and of agriculture for a brief period. After differences with the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], he resigned and moved to Delhi where he was appointed as a member of the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation\|Oil and Natural Gas Commission]] and was in charge of personnel. After two years, he served as additional secretary to the [[Department of Space]] from 1980 to 1985. Later he became secretary of the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change\|Ministry of Environment and Forests]] from 1985 to 1988. He opposed the [[Tehri Dam\|Tehri dam]] and [[Sardar Sarovar Dam\|Sardar Sarovar dam]] on [[Narmada River\|Narmada river]] during his stint but was overruled. He was later given the additional position of secretary of Internal Security which he served until 1989. In 1988, he served secretary of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)\|Ministry of Defence]] for ten months.<ref name=":2" /> He was appointed 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India\|Cabinet Secretary]], the senior-most position in the Indian civil service hierarchy, in 1989<ref name=":0" /> and later served as a member of [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />

	He was appointed as the 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India\|Chief Election Commissioner]] and served from 12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/-the-more-you-kick-me-112051200032_1.html\|title=The more you kick me...\|last1=Narasimhan\|first1=T. E.\|date=12 May 2012\|work=Business Standard\|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="india1">{{cite news\|url=http://zeenews.india.com/blog/empowering-the-ec_658.html\|title=Empowering the EC\|last1=Srivastava\|first1=Ritesh K.(The Observer)\|date=5 March 2012\|access-date=19 December 2014\|publisher=Zee News}}</ref> He became best known for his electoral reforms. He redefined the status and visibility of the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Election-Commissions-neutrality-Will-Zaidi-fit-in-Seshans-shoes/articleshow/49203627.cms\|title=Election Commission's neutrality: Will Zaidi fit in Seshan's shoes?}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.barubian.net/2012/06/time-to-seshan-ec.html\|title=Time to 'Seshan' the EC\|last1=Anand\|first1=R. K.\|date=20 June 2012\|work=Suara Sarawak\|access-date=17 December 2014\|publisher=(Baru Bian, Malaysia)}}</ref> He identified more than hundred electoral malpractices and reformed the election process.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="india1" /><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Gilmartin\|first1=David (North Carolina State Univ.)\|title='One Day's Sultan': T. N. Seshan and the Reform of the Election Commission in the 1990s\|url=http://freepdfs.net/one-days-sultan-indian-democracy/0c3f31a6c08d88aac50e6d4192cf481f/\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=McGirk\|first1=Tim\|title=India's scourge of money, muscle and ministers\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/indias-scourge-of-money-muscle-and-ministers-1307140.html\|access-date=17 December 2014\|work=The Independent (U.K.)\|date=28 April 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Kaw\|first1=M K\|title=Seshan the Alsatian\|url=http://www.gfilesindia.com/frmArticleDetails.aspx?id=257&Name=SILLY%20POINT-%20perspective,%20mk%20kaw\|website=GFiles-Inside the Government\|access-date=11 August 2016\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820164214/http://www.gfilesindia.com/frmArticleDetails.aspx?id=257&Name=SILLY%20POINT-%20perspective,%20mk%20kaw\|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Shekhar\|first1=G. C.\|title=Autumn of Al-Seshan\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140407/jsp/nation/story_18163764.jsp#.VJGIGGdoKeI\|access-date=17 December 2014\|work=The Telegraph (Calcutta)\|date=7 April 2014}}</ref> Some of reforms he implemented include enforcement of [[Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct\|election code of conduct]], [[Voter ID (India)\|Voter IDs]] for all eligible voters, limit on election candidates' expenditure,<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1121201/jsp/bihar/story_16260409.jsp#.VJGD8mdoKeI\|title=Minds unite in crisis times\|last1=Verma\|first1=Nalin\|date=1 December 2012\|work=The Telegraph (Calcutta)\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> appointing election officials from states other than the one facing polls.<ref name="GangulyMukherji2011">{{cite book\|author1=Sumit Ganguly\|author2=Rahul Mukherji\|title=India Since 1980\|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900521860931\|url-access=registration\|date=1 August 2011\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-139-49866-1\|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900521860931/page/179 179]\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> He curbed several malpractices like bribing or intimidating voters, distribution of liquor during elections, use of government funds and machinery for campaigning, appealing to voters' caste or communal feelings, use of places of worship for campaigns, use of loudspeakers and high volume music without prior written permission.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cec-t.n.-seshan-tightens-electoral-reform-screws-to-clean-up-entire-election-process/1/294621.html\|title=CEC T.N. Seshan tightens electoral reform screws to clean up entire election process\|date=15 December 1994\|publisher=India Today Portal}}</ref>		He was appointed as the 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India\|Chief Election Commissioner]] and served from 12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/-the-more-you-kick-me-112051200032_1.html\|title=The more you kick me...\|last1=Narasimhan\|first1=T. E.\|date=12 May 2012\|work=Business Standard\|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="india1">{{cite news\|url=http://zeenews.india.com/blog/empowering-the-ec_658.html\|title=Empowering the EC\|last1=Srivastava\|first1=Ritesh K.(The Observer)\|date=5 March 2012\|access-date=19 December 2014\|publisher=Zee News}}</ref> According to interview given by him to [[Business Standard]], Law Minister [[Subramanian Swamy]] played a vital role in this appointment.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Narasimhan\|first=T. E.\|date=2012-05-12\|title=T N Seshan, the man who helped clean up India's elections\|work=Business Standard India\|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/-the-more-you-kick-me-112051200032_1.html\|access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=T. N. Seshan, the Unyielding Force That Cleansed India's Elections\|url=https://thewire.in/government/tn-seshan-election-commissioner\|access-date=2021-12-28\|website=The Wire}}</ref> He became best known for his electoral reforms. He redefined the status and visibility of the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Election-Commissions-neutrality-Will-Zaidi-fit-in-Seshans-shoes/articleshow/49203627.cms\|title=Election Commission's neutrality: Will Zaidi fit in Seshan's shoes?}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.barubian.net/2012/06/time-to-seshan-ec.html\|title=Time to 'Seshan' the EC\|last1=Anand\|first1=R. K.\|date=20 June 2012\|work=Suara Sarawak\|access-date=17 December 2014\|publisher=(Baru Bian, Malaysia)}}</ref> He identified more than hundred electoral malpractices and reformed the election process.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="india1" /><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Gilmartin\|first1=David (North Carolina State Univ.)\|title='One Day's Sultan': T. N. Seshan and the Reform of the Election Commission in the 1990s\|url=http://freepdfs.net/one-days-sultan-indian-democracy/0c3f31a6c08d88aac50e6d4192cf481f/\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=McGirk\|first1=Tim\|title=India's scourge of money, muscle and ministers\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/indias-scourge-of-money-muscle-and-ministers-1307140.html\|access-date=17 December 2014\|work=The Independent (U.K.)\|date=28 April 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Kaw\|first1=M K\|title=Seshan the Alsatian\|url=http://www.gfilesindia.com/frmArticleDetails.aspx?id=257&Name=SILLY%20POINT-%20perspective,%20mk%20kaw\|website=GFiles-Inside the Government\|access-date=11 August 2016\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820164214/http://www.gfilesindia.com/frmArticleDetails.aspx?id=257&Name=SILLY%20POINT-%20perspective,%20mk%20kaw\|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Shekhar\|first1=G. C.\|title=Autumn of Al-Seshan\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140407/jsp/nation/story_18163764.jsp#.VJGIGGdoKeI\|access-date=17 December 2014\|work=The Telegraph (Calcutta)\|date=7 April 2014}}</ref> Some of reforms he implemented include enforcement of [[Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct\|election code of conduct]], [[Voter ID (India)\|Voter IDs]] for all eligible voters, limit on election candidates' expenditure,<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1121201/jsp/bihar/story_16260409.jsp#.VJGD8mdoKeI\|title=Minds unite in crisis times\|last1=Verma\|first1=Nalin\|date=1 December 2012\|work=The Telegraph (Calcutta)\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> appointing election officials from states other than the one facing polls.<ref name="GangulyMukherji2011">{{cite book\|author1=Sumit Ganguly\|author2=Rahul Mukherji\|title=India Since 1980\|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900521860931\|url-access=registration\|date=1 August 2011\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-139-49866-1\|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900521860931/page/179 179]\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> He curbed several malpractices like bribing or intimidating voters, distribution of liquor during elections, use of government funds and machinery for campaigning, appealing to voters' caste or communal feelings, use of places of worship for campaigns, use of loudspeakers and high volume music without prior written permission.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cec-t.n.-seshan-tightens-electoral-reform-screws-to-clean-up-entire-election-process/1/294621.html\|title=CEC T.N. Seshan tightens electoral reform screws to clean up entire election process\|date=15 December 1994\|publisher=India Today Portal}}</ref>

	During the [[1999 Indian general election]]s, due to his reforms, 1488 candidates were disqualified for three years for failing to submit their expenditure accounts. It was reported that he reviewed more than 40,000 expenditure accounts and disqualified 14,000 candidates for false information. In 1992, the Election Commission ~~cancelled~~ elections in Bihar and Punjab due to electoral issues.<ref name=":4" />		During the [[1999 Indian general election]]s, due to his reforms, 1488 candidates were disqualified for three years for failing to submit their expenditure accounts. It was reported that he reviewed more than 40,000 expenditure accounts and disqualified 14,000 candidates for false information. In 1992, the Election Commission canceled elections in Bihar and Punjab due to electoral issues.<ref name=":4" />

	== Later life ==		== Later life ==
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	He died at his home in Chennai on 10 November 2019.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/former-election-commissioner-tn-seshan-dies-at-87-1617671-2019-11-10\|title=Former Election Commissioner TN Seshan dies at 87\|date=10 November 2019\|newspaper=India Today\|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>		He died at his home in Chennai on 10 November 2019.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/former-election-commissioner-tn-seshan-dies-at-87-1617671-2019-11-10\|title=Former Election Commissioner TN Seshan dies at 87\|date=10 November 2019\|newspaper=India Today\|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>
	He fought on Congress ticket against BJP'S veteran Lal Krishna Advani in 1999 from Gandhinagar and lost.		He fought on a Congress ticket against BJP'S veteran Lal Krishna Advani in 1999 from Gandhinagar and lost.
	He praised the policies of Rajiv Gandhi.		He praised the policies of Rajiv Gandhi.

imported>Sanjay Krishnan S: Added links to his birthplace, Thirunellai.

2021-08-25T12:57:16Z

Added links to his birthplace, Thirunellai.

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{{Infobox politician
| name = T. N. Seshan
| image = T.N. Seshan in 1994.jpg
| birth_place = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]], [[India]])
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|12|15|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|11|10|1932|12|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|birthname = Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan
|alma_mater = [[Madras Christian College]] [[Harvard University]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Jayalakshmi Seshan|1959|2018|end=died}}
|office = 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]]
|term_start = 12 December 1990
|term_end = 11 December 1996
|predecessor = [[V. S. Ramadevi]]
|successor = [[M. S. Gill]]
|office2 = 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India]]
|term_start2 = 27 March 1989
|term_end2 = 23 December 1989
|primeminister = [[Chandra Shekhar]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|primeminister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|predecessor2 = B. G. Deshmukh
|successor2 = [[V. C. Pande]]
|occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service]]
| awards = [[Ramon Magsaysay award]] (1996)
}}

'''Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan''' (15 December 1932 – 10 November 2019) was an Indian politician. He was the 18th [[Cabinet Secretary of India]] in 1989. He was appointed the 10th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] (1990–96) and became known for election reforms.

He won the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for government service in 1996.

He died at his home in [[Chennai]] on 10 November 2019 of [[cardiac arrest]], aged 86.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/former-election-commissioner-tn-seshan-dies-at-87-1617671-2019-11-10|title=Former Election Commissioner TN Seshan dies at 87|date=10 November 2019|newspaper=India Today|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seshan, T. N.}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from cardiac arrest]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]

{{bio-stub}}

T. N. Seshan - Revision history

->Notadogbutafish: Corrected typos

imported>Sanjay Krishnan S: Added links to his birthplace, Thirunellai.

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

>Djsasso: /* top */., cleanup cite: eval 1 template: hyphenate params (1×); del pos params (1×);