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{{Short description|Indian musician (1928–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = T. N. Krishnan
| birth_name =
| alias =
| image = T. N. Krishnan FTII Pune 2010.jpg
| caption = Krishnan performing at the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune, on 19 January 2010
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|10|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tripunithura]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|11|2|1928|10|6|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]]
| instrument = [[violin]]
| genre = [[Carnatic music]]
| occupation = [[violin]]ist
| years_active =
| website =
| honorific_prefix = Sangeetha Kalanidhi
}}

'''Trippunithura Narayana Krishnan''' (6 October 1928{{Spaced en dash}}2 November 2020) was an Indian [[Carnatic music]] violinist. Along with [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]] and [[M. S. Gopalakrishnan]] he was considered part of the violin-trinity of Carnatic music. He was awarded the [[Madras Music Academy]]'s [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] in 1980. He was also the recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian honour, in 1992, and earlier, the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian honour, in 1973.

==Early life==
Krishnan was born on 6 October 1928, in [[Tripunithura]], [[Kerala]] to A. Narayana Iyer and Ammini Ammal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Mahesh|first=Chitra|date=6 December 2018|title=T.N. Krishnan: Life on a high note|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/tn-krishnan-life-on-a-high-note/article25680704.ece|access-date=3 November 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102185413/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/tn-krishnan-life-on-a-high-note/article25680704.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He learnt music from his father and was 11 when he performed at his first violin concert in 1939 in [[Trivandrum]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=3 November 2020|title=TN Krishnan, legendary violinist and Padma Bhushan awardee, passes away aged 92 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/tn-krishnan-legendary-violinist-and-padma-bhushan-awardee-passes-away-aged-92-8977861.html|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Firstpost|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103054840/https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/tn-krishnan-legendary-violinist-and-padma-bhushan-awardee-passes-away-aged-92-8977861.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His father continued to teach him until his death. Recounting his early years, Krishnan mentioned that he would play the instrument continuously for over three hours at [[Katcheri|''katcheris'']], or classical music performances, and they would "perform in temples, in landlords’ houses or at weddings."<ref name=":1" />

He was mentored in his early years by Alleppy K.Parthasarathy a ''[[sisya]]'' of Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar and later joined carnatic vocalist [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]].<ref name=":0"/>

==Career==
Krishnan started out as a violinist accompanying musicians [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]], [[Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar]], [[Musiri Subramania Iyer]], [[Alathur Brothers]], M. D. Ramanathan and [[Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer]]. He performed his first solo concert in [[Trivandrum]] in 1939, at the age of 11.<ref name=":0" /> In his early years, the [[Cochin royal family]] provided him with royal patronage.<ref name=":1" />

Krishnan first arrived in [[Madras]] in 1942.<ref name=":0" /> His tutor, [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]], placed him in the care of R. Aiyadurai, an industrialist, philanthropist and patron of Carnatic music. Aiyadurai and his wife Thangam Aiyadurai welcomed the young Krishnan in to their home as his own.<ref name=":1" />

Along with [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]] and [[M. S. Gopalakrishnan]] he was considered a part of the violin-trinity of Carnatic music.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=3 Nov 2020|title=TN Krishnan death: Violin great TN Krishnan passes away at 92 in Chennai {{!}} Chennai News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/violin-great-tn-krishnan-passes-away-at-92-in-chennai/articleshow/79010499.cms|access-date=3 November 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103095808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/violin-great-tn-krishnan-passes-away-at-92-in-chennai/articleshow/79010499.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Reviews of his performance called out the importance that he gave to expressional restraint.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 August 2004|title=Magical spell of music|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/06/stories/2004080602410400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050108214332/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/06/stories/2004080602410400.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=8 January 2005}}</ref> Reviewing one of his performances in 2004, ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that in his generation of musicians, he was one of the few instrumentalists who provided a nostalgic experience of a bygone era in the minds of his listeners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/07/stories/2004060701030200.htm |title=The Hindu : Touching tranquil heights |access-date=11 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050506184115/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/07/stories/2004060701030200.htm |archive-date=6 May 2005 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> He was a regular performer during the annual ''[[Margazhi]]'' music season at the [[Madras Music Academy]] including a dedicated morning slot on Christmas Day.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=3 November 2020|title=Legendary violinist T N Krishnan passes away at 92|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/legendary-violinist-t-n-krishnan-passes-away-at-92-910623.html|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103033205/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/legendary-violinist-t-n-krishnan-passes-away-at-92-910623.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He travelled extensively on musical tours all over the world.<ref name=":5" />

Krishnan taught music in the traditional ''[[Parampara]]'' setting and also in the more formal academic environments. Among his students were his daughter Viji Krishnan Natarajan, his son Sriram Krishnan, and [[Charumathi Raghuraman]].<ref name=":1" /> He was a professor of Music at Chennai Music College and later went on to be the principal at the college. He was also the dean of the School of Music and Fine Arts at the [[University of Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> He had also served as the vice-chairman of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] between 1991 and 1993.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sangeet Natak Academy – TN Krishnan|url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=377&at=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810223614/https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=377&at=1|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=3 November 2020|website=sangeetnatak.gov.in}}</ref>

==Awards and titles==
Krishnan was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1974 and was a recipient of the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] from the academy in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees — Instrumental — Carnatic Violin |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist-car-violin.htm |access-date=24 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403111058/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist-car-violin.htm |archive-date=3 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Fellows|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/fellowslist.htm|access-date=24 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727235210/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/fellowslist.htm|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> He received the [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] titular award in 1980 from the [[Madras Music Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=3 Nov 2020|title=Violin maestro TN Krishnan dies at 92 {{!}} India News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/violin-maestro-tn-krishnan-dies-at-92/articleshow/79009830.cms|access-date=3 November 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103062837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/violin-maestro-tn-krishnan-dies-at-92/articleshow/79009830.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He received the [[Sangeetha Kalasikhamani]] award in1999 from the Indian Fine arts Society, Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to The Indian Fine Art Society|url=http://www.theindianfineartssociety.com/oldevents.html|access-date=3 November 2020|website=www.theindianfineartssociety.com|archive-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926175847/http://www.theindianfineartssociety.com/oldevents.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also the ''Asthana Vidwan'' ({{translation|Court Scholar}}) at the [[Tirupathi Devastanam]].<ref name=":4" />

State honours:<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=10&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Krishnan&award=All|access-date=16 July 2009|publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]|archive-date=14 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314045543/http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=10&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Krishnan&award=All|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Shri riband]] [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian honour (1973)
* [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Bhushan riband]] [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian honour (1992)
Grammy's honoured him with 'In Memoriam' mention of International musicians in March 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/news/recording-academy-grammy-in-memoriam-2021|title = Recording Academy in Memoriam 2021|date = 14 March 2021}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Krishnan was married to Kamala Krishnan and had two children, Viji Krishnan Natarajan, and Sriram Krishnan.<ref>{{cite web|title=T.N.Krishnan Foundation|url=http://www.tnkrishnan-foundation.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161507/http://www.tnkrishnan-foundation.org/|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=17 December 2008}}</ref> Both Viji Krishnan Natarajan and Sriram Krishnan are well-known violinists.<ref name=":1" /> His sister [[N. Rajam]] is a famous violin player in the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani tradition.]]<ref name=":1" /> He died on 2 November 2020 at his house in [[Chennai]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=3 November 2020|title=Violinist T.N. Krishnan is no more|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/violinist-tn-krishnan-is-no-more/article33006607.ece|access-date=3 November 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102185801/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/violinist-tn-krishnan-is-no-more/article33006607.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Discography==
*Melodious Strings of the Indian Violin (1985)<ref name=":3" />
*Maestros Choice (1991)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=T. N. Krishnan|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/3565350-T-N-Krishnan|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Discogs|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024724/https://www.discogs.com/artist/3565350-T-N-Krishnan|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Music is Music – Jugalbandi (with [[Ustad Amjad Ali Khan]]) (1991)<ref name=":3" />
*The Carnatic Violin (2002)<ref name=":3" />
*Parivaar (with N. Rajam) (2003)<ref name=":3" />
* ''Sruti Sandhya'' (with T S Nandakumar) <ref>{{cite web| url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sruti-sandhya/id1282278911| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025145134/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sruti-sandhya/id1282278911| url-status=dead| archive-date=25 October 2017|title=Sruti Sandhya - T S Nandakumar|website=[[iTunes]]|location=Mumbai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Sruti Sandhya - T. N. Krishnan, T S Nandakumar - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |date=2007-03-27 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sruti-sandhya/9,muHNu63c8_ |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Sruti Sandhya 2'' (with T S Nandakumar) <ref>{{cite web| url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sruti-sandhya-2-ep/1313778309| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201070946/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sruti-sandhya-2-ep/1313778309| url-status=dead| archive-date=1 December 2017|title=Sruti Sandhya 2 - T S Nandakumar|website=[[iTunes]]|location=Mumbai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Sruti Sandhya 2 - T. N. Krishnan, T S Nandakumar - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |date=2009-01-03 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sruti-sandhya-2/W73dA9czhNI_ |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Trippunithura Narayanaiyer Krishnan}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090218154729/http://members.cox.net/rkris4/tnk/ Indian Classical Violin Maestro]
* {{Discogs artist|T. N. Krishnan}}
*[http://www.podcast.co.no/jugalbandhi-podcast-28536/a-conversation-with-violin-maestro-tnkrishnan-part-1-last-ned-3471182/ A conversation with Violin Maestro T.N.Krishnan]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161507/http://www.tnkrishnan-foundation.org/ T N Krishnan Official Blog]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002082653/http://chennaionline.com/cityfeature/Events/Nov08/11article73.aspx T N Krishnan honoured]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Music of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, T. N.}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Carnatic violinists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian violinists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]

T. N. Krishnan - Revision history

DebbieLemke: creating a page