Syed Mahmud - Revision history

Jimmy6788: updated formatting to improve readability and fixed typos

2025-03-06T06:20:00Z

updated formatting to improve readability and fixed typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:50, 6 March 2025
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	{{short description\|Indian politician}}		{{short description\|Indian politician (1889–1971)}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=February 2023}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| name = ~~Dr.~~ Syed Mahmud		\| name = Syed Mahmud
	\| birth_date = 1889		\| birth_date = 1889
	\| birth_place = Syedpur Bhitri, [[Ghazipur]], [[United Province]], [[British India]]<br>{{small\|(present day)}} [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]		\| birth_place = Syedpur Bhitri, [[Ghazipur]], [[United Province]], [[British India]]<br>{{small\|(present day)}} [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
	\| death_date = 1971		\| death_date = 1971
	\| office1 = General Secretary, [[Khilafat Movement\|Central Khilafat Committee]]		\| office1 = General Secretary, [[Khilafat Movement\|Central Khilafat Committee]]
	\| termstart1 = 1921		\| termstart1 = 1921
	\| termend1 = 1936		\| termend1 = 1936
	\| termstart2 = 1923		\| termstart2 = 1923
	\| termend2 = 1923		\| termend2 = 1923
	\| office2 = General Secretary, [[All India Congress Committee]]		\| office2 = General Secretary, [[All India Congress Committee]]
	\| termstart3 = 1929		\| termstart3 = 1929
	\| termend3 = 1936		\| termend3 = 1936
	\| office4 = Minister of Education and Development, [[Bihar]]		\| office4 = Minister of Education and Development, [[Bihar]]
	\| termstart4 = 1937		\| termstart4 = 1937
	\| termend4 = 1939		\| termend4 = 1939
	\| termstart5 = 1937		\| termstart5 = 1937
	\| termend5 = 1939		\| termend5 = 1939
	\| office5 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]		\| office5 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
	\| termstart6 = 1946		\| termstart6 = 1946
	\| termend6 = 1952		\| termend6 = 1952
	\| office7 = Member of [[All India Congress Committee]] Working Committee		\| office7 = Member of [[All India Congress Committee]] Working Committee
	\| termstart7 = 1940		\| termstart7 = 1940
	\| termend7 = 1945		\| termend7 = 1945
	\| office8 = Minister of Development and Transport, [[Bihar]]		\| office8 = Minister of Development and Transport, [[Bihar]]
	\| termstart8 = 1946		\| termstart8 = 1946
	\| termend8 = 1952		\| termend8 = 1952
	\| office9 = [[Minister of External Affairs]]		\| office9 = [[Minister of External Affairs]]
	\| termstart9 = December 1954		\| termstart9 = December 1954
	\| termend9 = April 1957		\| termend9 = April 1957
	\| parents = Moulvi Mohamed Omar		\| parents = Moulvi Mohamed Omar
	\| spouse = R. F. Mahmud		\| spouse = R. F. Mahmud
	\| party = [[Indian National Congress]]		\| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
	\| alma_mater =		\| alma_mater =
	\| profession = [[Barrister-at-Law]]		\| profession = [[Barrister-at-Law]]
	\| children = 3 Son and 3 Daughter		\| children = 3 Son and 3 Daughter
			\| image = Syed Mahmud, Minister of Education, Bihar.jpg
	}}		}}

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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Syed Mahmud was born in ~~the village~~ of India.<ref name="BT">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud \|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|publisher=Bihar Times \|author=Mohammad Sajjad \|date=2008-10-15 \|access-date=2010-08-21 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215115821/http://bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud\|url=http://shibliacademy.org/node/56\|~~publisher~~=~~Shibli Academy~~\|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. During his time at the ~~University~~, Mahmud became involved in student political activities and attended the 1905 session of the [[Indian National Congress]], the largest [[Indian nationalist]] organisation in what was then [[British Raj\|British-ruled India]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> Along with fellow student and later political leader, Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], Mahmud was amongst the Muslim students who opposed the pro-British loyalties of the [[All India Muslim League]] and were drawn more to the nationalist Congress.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After being expelled from Aligarh for his political activities, Mahmud travelled to [[England]] and studied law at Cambridge University before going on to study at [[Lincoln's Inn]] to become a [[barrister]]. In 1909, in London he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi and J.L. Nehru. In 1912, he obtained Ph.D. from Germany and came back to India, and from 1913 he started his legal profession in Patna under the able guidance of Mazharul Haq. In 1915, he married Mazharul Haq's niece.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence.		Syed Mahmud was born in Syedpur Bhitari, Ghazipur district of India.<ref name="BT">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud \|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|publisher=Bihar Times \|author=Mohammad Sajjad \|date=2008-10-15 \|access-date=2010-08-21 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215115821/http://bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web \|title=Syed Mahmud \|url=http://shibliacademy.org/node/56 \|url-status=dead \|accessdate=2010-08-21 \|publisher=Shibli Academy}}</ref> He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. During his time at the university, Mahmud became involved in student political activities and attended the 1905 session of the [[Indian National Congress]], the largest [[Indian nationalist]] organisation in what was then [[British Raj\|British-ruled India]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> Along with fellow student and later political leader, Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], Mahmud was amongst the Muslim students who opposed the pro-British loyalties of the [[All India Muslim League]] and were drawn more to the nationalist Congress.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After being expelled from Aligarh for his political activities, Mahmud travelled to [[England]] and studied law at Cambridge University before going on to study at [[Lincoln's Inn]] to become a [[barrister]]. In 1909, in London he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi and J.L. Nehru. In 1912, he obtained Ph.D. from Germany and came back to India, and from 1913 he started his legal profession in Patna under the able guidance of Mazharul Haq. In 1915, he married Mazharul Haq's niece.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence.

	==Political career==		==Political career==
	Syed Mahmud was one of the young Muslim leaders who played a role in crafting the 1916 [[Lucknow Pact]] between the Congress and the Muslim League.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> He participated in the [[Indian Home Rule Movement]] in 1916 and in the [[Non-cooperation movement]] and the [[Khilafat movement]] under the influence and leadership of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. In 1923 he was elected to the post of deputy general secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]]. In 1930, he was imprisoned in [[Allahabad]] along with Indian leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during the [[Civil disobedience movement]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>		Syed Mahmud was one of the young Muslim leaders who played a role in crafting the 1916 [[Lucknow Pact]] between the Congress and the Muslim League.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> He participated in the [[Indian Home Rule Movement]] in 1916 and in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)\|Non-cooperation movement]] and the [[Khilafat movement]] under the influence and leadership of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. In 1923 he was elected to the post of deputy general secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]]. In 1930, he was imprisoned in [[Allahabad]] along with Indian leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during the [[Civil disobedience movement]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>

	Throughout his career he insisted on communal harmony, played significant role in the Congress- League Pact of Lucknow in 1916. Served with the Home Rule League, AICC and gave up his legal practice to participate in the Khilafat Movement. He also authored, The Khilafat & England. In 1922, he was imprisoned. In 1923, he was elected Deputy General Secretary of the AICC along with Jawaharlal Nehru which resulted in close friendship between the two leaders. Nehru signed as witness at the marriage of Syed Mahmud's daughter. In 1929, with M.A. Ansari, he formed `Muslim Nationalist Party' within the Congress, and became the General Secretary of the Congress, and served in this capacity till 1936. In 1930, along with M.L. Nehru and J.L. Nehru he was imprisoned in the Naini Jail of Allahabad, for his participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement.		Throughout his career he insisted on communal harmony, played significant role in the Congress- League Pact of Lucknow in 1916. Served with the Home Rule League, AICC and gave up his legal practice to participate in the Khilafat Movement. He also authored, The Khilafat & England. In 1922, he was imprisoned. In 1923, he was elected Deputy General Secretary of the AICC along with Jawaharlal Nehru which resulted in close friendship between the two leaders. Nehru signed as witness at the marriage of Syed Mahmud's daughter. In 1929, with M.A. Ansari, he formed `Muslim Nationalist Party' within the Congress, and became the General Secretary of the Congress, and served in this capacity till 1936. In 1930, along with M.L. Nehru and J.L. Nehru he was imprisoned in the Naini Jail of Allahabad, for his participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
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	===Post-independence===		===Post-independence===
	During ~~1946-52~~, Syed Mahmud was the Minister for Transport, Industries and Agriculture in Bihar. In 1949 he suggested Nehru to enter into a particular military pact with Pakistan in order to safeguard the nation from China which could not materialize. Pained with communal partition of India, an optimist in him motivated him to write another book Hindu Muslim Accord (1949), celebrating the `Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb of India'. From 7 December 1954 to 17 April 1957 he was the Union Minister of State for External Affairs but resigned due to eye troubles. He participated in the historic Bandung Conference (1955), where the Panchsheel was spelled out. He played remarkable roles in India's useful diplomatic relations with the Gulf countries, Iran and Egypt.		During 1946–52, Syed Mahmud was the Minister for Transport, Industries and Agriculture in Bihar. In 1949 he suggested Nehru to enter into a particular military pact with Pakistan in order to safeguard the nation from China which could not materialize. Pained with communal partition of India, an optimist in him motivated him to write another book Hindu Muslim Accord (1949), celebrating the `Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb of India'. From 7 December 1954 to 17 April 1957 he was the Union Minister of State for External Affairs but resigned due to eye troubles. He participated in the historic Bandung Conference (1955), where the Panchsheel was spelled out. He played remarkable roles in India's useful diplomatic relations with the Gulf countries, Iran and Egypt.

	After India's independence, Syed Mahmud was elected to the first [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]]) from the constituency of [[Champaran\|Champaran-East]] in Bihar and second [[Lok Sabha]] from the constituency of [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Gopalganj]] in Bihar.<ref name="LS">{{cite web\|title=Biographical Sketch of first Lok Sabha\|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lss.htm\|publisher=National Informatics Centre\|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He served as the deputy [[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]] between 1954 and 1957 and represented India at the [[Bandung Conference]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>		After India's independence, Syed Mahmud was elected to the first [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]]) from the constituency of [[Champaran\|Champaran-East]] in Bihar and second [[Lok Sabha]] from the constituency of [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Gopalganj]] in Bihar.<ref name="LS">{{cite web\|title=Biographical Sketch of first Lok Sabha\|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lss.htm\|publisher=National Informatics Centre\|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He served as the deputy [[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]] between 1954 and 1957 and represented India at the [[Bandung Conference]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>
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	[[Category:1889 births]]		[[Category:1889 births]]
	[[Category:1971 deaths]]		[[Category:1971 deaths]]
	[[Category:~~1st Lok Sabha members~~]]		[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
	[[Category:~~2nd Lok Sabha members~~]]		[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
	[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]		[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
	[[Category:Indian Muslims]]		[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
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	[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]		[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]
	[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]		[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
			[[Category:Founders of Jamia Millia Islamia]]

->Browniewikipedian: /* Early life */ Full name

2021-10-02T07:31:24Z

Early life: Full name

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 2 October 2021
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	}}		}}

	~~Dr.~~ '''Syed Mahmud''' (1889–1971) was an Indian politician and senior leader in the [[Indian National Congress]] during the [[Indian independence movement]] and in post-independence India.		'''Syed Mahmud''' (1889–1971) was an Indian politician and senior leader in the [[Indian National Congress]] during the [[Indian independence movement]] and in post-independence India.

	He was a member of the foundation committee of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]].<ref name="qawmi">{{Cite book\|title=Qawmi Taleemi Tehreek\|trans-title=National Educational Movement \|author=Shamsur Rahman Mohsini \|location=Delhi \|publisher=Maktaba Jamia \|edition=2012\|isbn=978-81-7587-788-7\|page=19}}</ref>		He was a member of the foundation committee of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]].<ref name="qawmi">{{Cite book\|title=Qawmi Taleemi Tehreek\|trans-title=National Educational Movement \|author=Shamsur Rahman Mohsini \|location=Delhi \|publisher=Maktaba Jamia \|edition=2012\|isbn=978-81-7587-788-7\|page=19}}</ref>

	==Early ~~<span lang="Urdu" dir="ltr">~~life~~</span>~~==		==Early life==
	Mahmud was born in the village of India.<ref name="BT">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud \|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|publisher=Bihar Times \|author=Mohammad Sajjad \|date=2008-10-15 \|access-date=2010-08-21 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215115821/http://bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud\|url=http://shibliacademy.org/node/56\|publisher=Shibli Academy\|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. During his time at the University, Mahmud became involved in student political activities and attended the 1905 session of the [[Indian National Congress]], the largest [[Indian nationalist]] organisation in what was then [[British Raj\|British-ruled India]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> Along with fellow student and later political leader, Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], Mahmud was amongst the Muslim students who opposed the pro-British loyalties of the [[All India Muslim League]] and were drawn more to the nationalist Congress.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After being expelled from Aligarh for his political activities, Mahmud travelled to [[England]] and studied law at Cambridge University before going on to study at [[Lincoln's Inn]] to become a [[barrister]]. In 1909, in London he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi and J.L. Nehru. In 1912, he obtained Ph.D. from Germany and came back to India, and from 1913 he started his legal profession in Patna under the able guidance of Mazharul Haq. In 1915, he married Mazharul Haq's niece.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence.		Syed Mahmud was born in the village of India.<ref name="BT">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud \|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|publisher=Bihar Times \|author=Mohammad Sajjad \|date=2008-10-15 \|access-date=2010-08-21 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215115821/http://bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html \|archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web\|title=Syed Mahmud\|url=http://shibliacademy.org/node/56\|publisher=Shibli Academy\|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. During his time at the University, Mahmud became involved in student political activities and attended the 1905 session of the [[Indian National Congress]], the largest [[Indian nationalist]] organisation in what was then [[British Raj\|British-ruled India]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> Along with fellow student and later political leader, Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], Mahmud was amongst the Muslim students who opposed the pro-British loyalties of the [[All India Muslim League]] and were drawn more to the nationalist Congress.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After being expelled from Aligarh for his political activities, Mahmud travelled to [[England]] and studied law at Cambridge University before going on to study at [[Lincoln's Inn]] to become a [[barrister]]. In 1909, in London he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi and J.L. Nehru. In 1912, he obtained Ph.D. from Germany and came back to India, and from 1913 he started his legal profession in Patna under the able guidance of Mazharul Haq. In 1915, he married Mazharul Haq's niece.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence.

	==Political career==		==Political career==

imported>Chris the speller: /* Early life */replaced: Law → law

2021-07-13T21:20:40Z

Early life: replaced: Law → law

New page

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Syed Mahmud
| birth_date = 1889
| birth_place = Syedpur Bhitri, [[Ghazipur]], [[United Province]], [[British India]] {{small|(present day)}} [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = 1971
| office1 = General Secretary, [[Khilafat Movement|Central Khilafat Committee]]
| termstart1 = 1921
| termend1 = 1936
| termstart2 = 1923
| termend2 = 1923
| office2 = General Secretary, [[All India Congress Committee]]
| termstart3 = 1929
| termend3 = 1936
| office4 = Minister of Education and Development, [[Bihar]]
| termstart4 = 1937
| termend4 = 1939
| termstart5 = 1937
| termend5 = 1939
| office5 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart6 = 1946
| termend6 = 1952
| office7 = Member of [[All India Congress Committee]] Working Committee
| termstart7 = 1940
| termend7 = 1945
| office8 = Minister of Development and Transport, [[Bihar]]
| termstart8 = 1946
| termend8 = 1952
| office9 = [[Minister of External Affairs]]
| termstart9 = December 1954
| termend9 = April 1957
| parents = Moulvi Mohamed Omar
| spouse = R. F. Mahmud
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Barrister-at-Law]]
| children = 3 Son and 3 Daughter
}}

Dr. '''Syed Mahmud''' (1889–1971) was an Indian politician and senior leader in the [[Indian National Congress]] during the [[Indian independence movement]] and in post-independence India.

He was a member of the foundation committee of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]].<ref name="qawmi">{{Cite book|title=Qawmi Taleemi Tehreek|trans-title=National Educational Movement |author=Shamsur Rahman Mohsini |location=Delhi |publisher=Maktaba Jamia |edition=2012|isbn=978-81-7587-788-7|page=19}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mahmud was born in the village of India.<ref name="BT">{{cite web|title=Syed Mahmud |url=http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html |publisher=Bihar Times |author=Mohammad Sajjad |date=2008-10-15 |access-date=2010-08-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215115821/http://bihartimes.com/articles/sajjad/syedmahmud.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web|title=Syed Mahmud|url=http://shibliacademy.org/node/56|publisher=Shibli Academy|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. During his time at the University, Mahmud became involved in student political activities and attended the 1905 session of the [[Indian National Congress]], the largest [[Indian nationalist]] organisation in what was then [[British Raj|British-ruled India]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> Along with fellow student and later political leader, Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], Mahmud was amongst the Muslim students who opposed the pro-British loyalties of the [[All India Muslim League]] and were drawn more to the nationalist Congress.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After being expelled from Aligarh for his political activities, Mahmud travelled to [[England]] and studied law at Cambridge University before going on to study at [[Lincoln's Inn]] to become a [[barrister]]. In 1909, in London he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi and J.L. Nehru. In 1912, he obtained Ph.D. from Germany and came back to India, and from 1913 he started his legal profession in Patna under the able guidance of Mazharul Haq. In 1915, he married Mazharul Haq's niece.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence.

==Political career==
Syed Mahmud was one of the young Muslim leaders who played a role in crafting the 1916 [[Lucknow Pact]] between the Congress and the Muslim League.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/> He participated in the [[Indian Home Rule Movement]] in 1916 and in the [[Non-cooperation movement]] and the [[Khilafat movement]] under the influence and leadership of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. In 1923 he was elected to the post of deputy general secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]]. In 1930, he was imprisoned in [[Allahabad]] along with Indian leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during the [[Civil disobedience movement]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>

Throughout his career he insisted on communal harmony, played significant role in the Congress- League Pact of Lucknow in 1916. Served with the Home Rule League, AICC and gave up his legal practice to participate in the Khilafat Movement. He also authored, The Khilafat & England. In 1922, he was imprisoned. In 1923, he was elected Deputy General Secretary of the AICC along with Jawaharlal Nehru which resulted in close friendship between the two leaders. Nehru signed as witness at the marriage of Syed Mahmud's daughter. In 1929, with M.A. Ansari, he formed `Muslim Nationalist Party' within the Congress, and became the General Secretary of the Congress, and served in this capacity till 1936. In 1930, along with M.L. Nehru and J.L. Nehru he was imprisoned in the Naini Jail of Allahabad, for his participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The [[Sri Krishna Sinha]] led cabinet in Bihar made Syed Mahmud Minister for Education, Development and Planning in 1937. His emphasis was on providing primary education to largest possible number of people, worked for revision of curricula, appointed Urdu teachers in the Patna University. He fought for raising the proportion of Muslims in the government jobs and in the local bodies.

After the sweeping Congress victory in the 1937 central and provincial elections, Syed Mahmud was considered one of the leading prospective candidates to serve as [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] but instead eminent nationalists Anugrah Narayan Sinha and Shri Krishna Sinha were called from Central Legislative Assembly(Council of Estates) and groomed for Chiefministership.The succession of fellow Bihari Congressman [[Srikrishna Sinha]] to the post over Mahmud caused some controversy, but Mahmud joined Sinha's government as a cabinet minister and was accorded third place in the cabinet.<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>

To mitigate the Hindi-Urdu tension, he launched a bilingual (Urdu; Hindi) newspaper called ''Raushni''. He also wrote a book, ''A Plan of Provincial Reconstruction'' (1939). It became so popular that several editions were re-printed in the same year. It displays his vision for the problems like public health, education and human resources, material resources of Bihar. This book dealt at length about rural indebtedness and agricultural finance. He was engaged in such exercise when other big leaders of Bihar were engaged in caste based factionalism, much lamented by Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan and [[Sahajanand Saraswati]].

Mahmud was one of the members of the [[Congress Working Committee]] that endorsed the 1942 [[Quit India movement]], calling for an immediate end to British rule. From August 1942, Mahmud and all of the other top leaders of the Quit India movement were imprisoned, mostly in [[Ahmednagar Fort]]. To the surprise of his fellow detainees, the government released Mahmud in October 1944.<ref name="trib3Sep2006">{{cite news |last=Gill |first=Himmat Singh |date=3 September 2006 |title=Where freedom held fort |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060903/spectrum/main5.htm |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Azad |first=Abul Kalam |author-link=Abul Kalam Azad |year=2003 |orig-year=First published 1959 |title=India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9_EW80LFjoC&pg=PA99 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Orient Longman |pages=91, 99 |isbn=81-250-0514-5 |quote=Nine other members of the Working Committee were brought to Ahmednagar with me [Abul Kalam Azad] ... Received orders for Dr Syed Mahmud's release. We were all surprised for we could not understand why he was singled out for such treatment.}}</ref> Initially he implied that he didn't know why he had been freed. Then the British authorities released to the press a letter that he had written to the [[Viceroy of India]]. In the letter Mahmud denied participating in the passage of the Quit India Resolution. His colleagues, who would remain imprisoned until May 1945, felt angry and betrayed.<ref name="trib3Sep2006" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Azad |first=Abul Kalam |author-link=Abul Kalam Azad |year=2003 |orig-year=First published 1959 |title=India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9_EW80LFjoC&pg=PA100 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Orient Longman |page=100 |isbn=81-250-0514-5 |quote=He hinted that it was not clear to him why he had been released ... The Government ... released to the Press a letter which Dr Syed Mahmud had written to the Viceroy from Ahmednagar. The Government said that it was on the basis of this letter than Dr Mahmud had been released. When we read the letter in Ahmednagar jail, all of us felt angry and humiliated ... In his letter Dr Syed Mahmud had said that he did not take part in the meetings of the Working Committee or the AICC when the Quit India Resolution was passed.}}</ref> Mahmud met with Gandhi, and afterwards apologized for writing the letter and letting down his friends and the movement.<ref>{{cite book |last=Azad |first=Abul Kalam |author-link=Abul Kalam Azad |year=2003 |orig-year=First published 1959 |title=India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9_EW80LFjoC&pg=PA100 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Orient Longman |pages=100–101 |isbn=81-250-0514-5 |quote=When the Government released his letter, he was very upset and went to Gandhiji. After a discussion with him Dr Mahmud ... admitted his mistake.}}</ref> Mahmud's standing with Indian nationalists improved over the succeeding years. He was one of the secular Muslim leaders who opposed the Muslim League's demand for the creation of a separate Muslim state of [[Pakistan]], and worked with other Indian leaders against the resulting communal violence between Muslims and [[Hindus]] in Bihar and other parts of India.

===Post-independence===
During 1946-52, Syed Mahmud was the Minister for Transport, Industries and Agriculture in Bihar. In 1949 he suggested Nehru to enter into a particular military pact with Pakistan in order to safeguard the nation from China which could not materialize. Pained with communal partition of India, an optimist in him motivated him to write another book Hindu Muslim Accord (1949), celebrating the `Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb of India'. From 7 December 1954 to 17 April 1957 he was the Union Minister of State for External Affairs but resigned due to eye troubles. He participated in the historic Bandung Conference (1955), where the Panchsheel was spelled out. He played remarkable roles in India's useful diplomatic relations with the Gulf countries, Iran and Egypt.

After India's independence, Syed Mahmud was elected to the first [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]]) from the constituency of [[Champaran|Champaran-East]] in Bihar and second [[Lok Sabha]] from the constituency of [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]] in Bihar.<ref name="LS">{{cite web|title=Biographical Sketch of first Lok Sabha|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/alpha/01lss.htm|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref> He served as the deputy [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] between 1954 and 1957 and represented India at the [[Bandung Conference]].<ref name="BT"/><ref name="SA"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ghazipur]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]