Swaraj Parkash - Revision history

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	===Post-Independence===		===Post-Independence===
	In 1949, he was selected to attend the Long Navigation and Direction course and embarked for the [[United Kingdom]]. He served as the [[flag lieutenant]] to the [[Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)#Commander-in-Chief,_Royal_Indian_Navy_(1947–1948)\|Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]], [[Vice Admiral]] [[Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)\|Sir William Edward Parry]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Kesnur \|first1=Cmde Srikant B. \|title=How Delhi and Mysore pioneered Indian Navy's blue water odyssey \|url=https://thedailyguardian.com/how-delhi-and-mysore-pioneered-indian-navys-blue-water-odyssey/ \|website=The Daily Guardian \|date=5 July ~~2022~~}}</ref> He specialised in navigation and direction.<ref name="PIB VCNS">{{cite web \|title=VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TO TAKE OVER AS VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF \|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1979-JAN-MAY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1979-02-22_092.pdf \|website=pibarchive.nic.in \|date=22 February 1979}}</ref> He was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant Commander]] in December 1952.<ref>{{cite web \|title=PROMOTIONS IN INDIAN NAVY \|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1952-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1952-12-31_358.pdf \|website=pibarchive.nic.in \|date=31 December 1952}}</ref> He attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment\|Wellington]] in 1955. He later served as the [[Directing Staff]] at the college.		In 1949, he was selected to attend the Long Navigation and Direction course and embarked for the [[United Kingdom]]. He served as the [[flag lieutenant]] to the [[Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)#Commander-in-Chief,_Royal_Indian_Navy_(1947–1948)\|Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]], [[Vice Admiral]] [[Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)\|Sir William Edward Parry]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Kesnur \|first1=Cmde Srikant B. \|title=How Delhi and Mysore pioneered Indian Navy's blue water odyssey \|url=https://thedailyguardian.com/how-delhi-and-mysore-pioneered-indian-navys-blue-water-odyssey/ \|website=The Daily Guardian \|date=5 July 2020}}</ref> He specialised in navigation and direction.<ref name="PIB VCNS">{{cite web \|title=VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TO TAKE OVER AS VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF \|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1979-JAN-MAY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1979-02-22_092.pdf \|website=pibarchive.nic.in \|date=22 February 1979}}</ref> He was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant Commander]] in December 1952.<ref>{{cite web \|title=PROMOTIONS IN INDIAN NAVY \|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1952-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1952-12-31_358.pdf \|website=pibarchive.nic.in \|date=31 December 1952}}</ref> He attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment\|Wellington]] in 1955. He later served as the [[Directing Staff]] at the college.

	Parkash commanded the [[Black Swan-class sloop]] [[HMIS Kistna\|INS Krisna]], the [[Leopard-class frigate\|Leopard-class]] [[frigate]] {{ship\|INS\|Betwa\|1959}}, the [[Blackwood-class frigate]] {{ship\|INS\|Khukri\|F149}} and the [[Leander-class cruiser (1931)\|Leander-class]] [[cruiser]] {{ship\|INS\|Delhi\|C74}}.		Parkash commanded the [[Black Swan-class sloop]] [[HMIS Kistna\|INS Krisna]], the [[Leopard-class frigate\|Leopard-class]] [[frigate]] {{ship\|INS\|Betwa\|1959}}, the [[Blackwood-class frigate]] {{ship\|INS\|Khukri\|F149}} and the [[Leander-class cruiser (1931)\|Leander-class]] [[cruiser]] {{ship\|INS\|Delhi\|C74}}.
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	{{Main\|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}		{{Main\|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
	{{further\|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}		{{further\|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}
	The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan\|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web\|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm\|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|work=Global Security\|date=27 November 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm\|archive-date=26 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>		The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan\|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web\|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm\|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|work=Global Security\|date=27 November 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm\|archive-date=26 November 2016}}</ref>

	Parkash took command of the [[flagship]] of the Navy, the [[aircraft carrier]] {{INS\|Vikrant\|1961\|6}} before the outbreak of the war. The ship was part of the [[Western Fleet (India)\|Western Fleet]]. In mid 1971, the ''Vikrant'', along with her escorts, the frigates [[INS Brahmaputra (1957)\|INS Brahmaputra]] and [[INS Beas (1958)\|INS Beas]] were moved from the [[Western Fleet (India)\|Western Fleet]] to the [[Eastern Naval Command]]. Thus, INS Vikrant became the flagship of the [[Eastern Fleet (India)\|Eastern Fleet]].{{sfn\|Krishnan\|~~2022~~}}		Parkash took command of the [[flagship]] of the Navy, the [[aircraft carrier]] {{INS\|Vikrant\|1961\|6}} before the outbreak of the war. The ship was part of the [[Western Fleet (India)\|Western Fleet]]. In mid 1971, the ''Vikrant'', along with her escorts, the frigates [[INS Brahmaputra (1957)\|INS Brahmaputra]] and [[INS Beas (1958)\|INS Beas]] were moved from the [[Western Fleet (India)\|Western Fleet]] to the [[Eastern Naval Command]]. Thus, INS Vikrant became the flagship of the [[Eastern Fleet (India)\|Eastern Fleet]].{{sfn\|Krishnan\|2011}}

	The ''Vikrant'', commanded by Parkash formed the core of the strike force of the Eastern Fleet. [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé\|Alizé]] and [[Hawker Sea Hawk]] aircraft from the ''Vikrant'' and the ships of the fleet bombarded [[Chittagong]] and [[Cox's Bazar]].{{sfn\|Sarma\|2001\|p=159-160}} The air strikes of INS Vikrant resulted in the sinking or rendering useless 11 merchant ships totalling 56914 tons.{{sfn\|Krishnan\|2011\|p=64}} The newly-refitted submarine of the [[Pakistan Navy]], [[PNS Ghazi]] set out to hunt the ''Vikrant'', but it was the professional skill and strategic manoeuvres which foiled the attempts.{{sfn\|Chakravorty\|1995\|p=344}}		The ''Vikrant'', commanded by Parkash formed the core of the strike force of the Eastern Fleet. [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé\|Alizé]] and [[Hawker Sea Hawk]] aircraft from the ''Vikrant'' and the ships of the fleet bombarded [[Chittagong]] and [[Cox's Bazar]].{{sfn\|Sarma\|2001\|p=159-160}} The air strikes of INS Vikrant resulted in the sinking or rendering useless 11 merchant ships totalling 56914 tons.{{sfn\|Krishnan\|2011\|p=64}} The newly-refitted submarine of the [[Pakistan Navy]], [[PNS Ghazi]] set out to hunt the ''Vikrant'', but it was the professional skill and strategic manoeuvres which foiled the attempts.{{sfn\|Chakravorty\|1995\|p=344}}

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{{short description|Indian Navy Officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific prefix = [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| name = Swaraj Parkash
| honorific suffix = [[PVSM]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[AVSM]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|09|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jullundur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj]] (now in [[Punjab, India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|01|20|1923|09|03|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| placeofburial =
| image = File:VAdm Swaraj Parkash.jpg
| caption = Vice Admiral Swaraj Parkash (pictured wearing rear admiral's insignia)
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} (1943–1947) {{flag|India}} (from 1947)
| branch = {{navy|British India}} {{navy|India}} {{coast guard|India}}
| serviceyears = 1943–1982
| rank = [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg|23px]] [[File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg|23px]] [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| commands = [[Indian Coast Guard]] [[Eastern Naval Command]] [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} {{ship|INS|Delhi|C74}} {{ship|INS|Khukri|F149}} {{ship|INS|Betwa|1959}} [[HMIS Kistna|INS Krisna(U46)]]
| unit =
| battles = [[World War II]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
| awards = [[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Maha Vir Chakra]] [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

[[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] '''Swaraj Parkash''', [[PVSM]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[AVSM]] (3 September 1923 – 20 January 2004) was a Flag officer in the [[Indian Navy]]. He was the Captain of the aircraft carrier {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] for which he was decorated with India's second-highest military decoration, the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]. He later served as the second [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]] from 1980 to 1982.

==Early life==
Parkash was born on 3 September 1923 to Pandit Milkhi Ram in [[Jalandhar Cantonment]] in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]].{{sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=344}} He joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve in December 1942 as a [[Midshipman]].<ref name="PIB COP">{{cite web |title=ADMIRAL PARKASH, NAVAL CHIEF OF PERSONNEL |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1977-03-08_052.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=8 March 1977}}</ref>

==Naval career==
===Early career===
As a midshipman, he served on the auxiliary patrol vessel ''HMIS Laxmi''.<ref>{{cite web |title=(1114) - Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1943 > June > Volume 2 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93156334 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> Parkash was commissioned as an acting [[Sub-lieutenant]] on 3 September 1943.<ref name="Navy List">{{cite book |title=The Navy List: April 1945 |publisher=HM Government, UK |date=1945 |pages=1158 |chapter=Officers of the Royal Indian Naval Reserve }}</ref> He then served on another auxiliary patrol vessel ''HMIS St. Antony''.<ref>{{cite web |title=(1397) - Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1944 > February > Volume 2 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93281370 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> Towards the end of the war, in 1945, he commanded the [[Basset-class trawler]] ''HMIS Travancore''.<ref>{{cite web |title=(1135) - Navy lists > Quarterly > 1945 > July > Volume 3 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93504802 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref>

===Post-Independence===
In 1949, he was selected to attend the Long Navigation and Direction course and embarked for the [[United Kingdom]]. He served as the [[flag lieutenant]] to the [[Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)#Commander-in-Chief,_Royal_Indian_Navy_(1947–1948)|Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]], [[Vice Admiral]] [[Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)|Sir William Edward Parry]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kesnur |first1=Cmde Srikant B. |title=How Delhi and Mysore pioneered Indian Navy's blue water odyssey |url=https://thedailyguardian.com/how-delhi-and-mysore-pioneered-indian-navys-blue-water-odyssey/ |website=The Daily Guardian |date=5 July 2022}}</ref> He specialised in navigation and direction.<ref name="PIB VCNS">{{cite web |title=VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TO TAKE OVER AS VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1979-JAN-MAY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1979-02-22_092.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=22 February 1979}}</ref> He was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant Commander]] in December 1952.<ref>{{cite web |title=PROMOTIONS IN INDIAN NAVY |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1952-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1952-12-31_358.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=31 December 1952}}</ref> He attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] in 1955. He later served as the [[Directing Staff]] at the college.

Parkash commanded the [[Black Swan-class sloop]] [[HMIS Kistna|INS Krisna]], the [[Leopard-class frigate|Leopard-class]] [[frigate]] {{ship|INS|Betwa|1959}}, the [[Blackwood-class frigate]] {{ship|INS|Khukri|F149}} and the [[Leander-class cruiser (1931)|Leander-class]] [[cruiser]] {{ship|INS|Delhi|C74}}.
In 1965, he attended the [[Naval War College]] at [[Newport, Rhode Island]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="PIB COP" /> He was promoted to the substantive rank of [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] on 30 June 1967.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAVAL PROMOTIONS |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1967-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1967-06-30_222.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |date=30 June 1967}}</ref>

He also served as the [[Military attaché|Naval attaché]] to the [[List of ambassadors of India to Russia|Ambassador of India to USSR]] at the [[Embassy of India in Moscow]]. He subsequently moved to Naval headquarters and took over as the Director of the Submarine arm.<ref name="PIB VCNS" /> He was awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 1971.<ref name="AVSM">{{cite web |title=GALLANTRY AND DISTINGUISHED ERVICE AWARDS FOR DEFENCE PERSONNEL |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-JAN-DEC-AWARDS-/PDF/DEF-1971-01-25_004.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=25 January 1971}}</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani War of 1971===
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{further|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|work=Global Security|date=27 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|archive-date=26 November 2022}}</ref>

Parkash took command of the [[flagship]] of the Navy, the [[aircraft carrier]] {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} before the outbreak of the war. The ship was part of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]]. In mid 1971, the ''Vikrant'', along with her escorts, the frigates [[INS Brahmaputra (1957)|INS Brahmaputra]] and [[INS Beas (1958)|INS Beas]] were moved from the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] to the [[Eastern Naval Command]]. Thus, INS Vikrant became the flagship of the [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]].{{sfn|Krishnan|2022}}

The ''Vikrant'', commanded by Parkash formed the core of the strike force of the Eastern Fleet. [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé|Alizé]] and [[Hawker Sea Hawk]] aircraft from the ''Vikrant'' and the ships of the fleet bombarded [[Chittagong]] and [[Cox's Bazar]].{{sfn|Sarma|2001|p=159-160}} The air strikes of INS Vikrant resulted in the sinking or rendering useless 11 merchant ships totalling 56914 tons.{{sfn|Krishnan|2011|p=64}} The newly-refitted submarine of the [[Pakistan Navy]], [[PNS Ghazi]] set out to hunt the ''Vikrant'', but it was the professional skill and strategic manoeuvres which foiled the attempts.{{sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=344}}

Parkash was decorated with the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] for his command of the ''Vikrant''.
The citation for the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] reads as follows:<ref>{{cite web |title=SWARAJ PARKASH, AVSM {{!}} Gallantry Awards |url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/swaraj-parkash-avsm |website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahavir Chakra (MVC), Awardee: Vice Adm Swaraj Parkash, MVC, AVSM (retd) @ TWDI |url=http://twdi.in/node/1494 |website=twdi.in}}</ref>
{{Quotation|Gazette Notification: 18 Pres/72,12-2-72
Operation: 1971 Cactus Lily
Date of Award: 1971

{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''CAPTAIN SWARAJ PARKASH, AVSM''' 
'''(00022-Z)'''}}

Captain Swaraj Parkash Commanded INS VIKRANT which was the nucleus of the Naval interdiction and strike force operating against the enemy in the Bay of Bengal. Throughout the period of those operations, the ship was operating in most hazardous waters and was the principal target both for the enemy Submarines and Aircraft. With indomitable spirit, he launched ceaseless offensive operations against the enemy. The successful air strikes from the VIKRANT had devastating effect on Ports all along the Bangladesh coast and completely denied the enemy the use of sea and island waterways. The complete supremacy of our Naval force symbolized by the VIKRANT paralyzed the enemy, shattered his morale and considerably expedited the enemy’s capitulation in the Eastern Theatre.

Captain Swaraj Parkash displayed conspicuous gallantry inspiring leadership, professional skill and devotion to duty in keeping with the highest traditions of the Indian Navy.|sign=|source=}}

===Flag Rank===
After the war, in 1973, Parkash was promoted to the rank of [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] and appointed [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]] (DCNS). After a short stint, he assumed command of the Western Fleet as [[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]] in the rank of [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]]. He subsequently moved back to Naval HQ as DCNS where he served for two years.<ref name="PIB ENC">{{cite web |title=ADMIRAL PARKASH TO HEAD EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1976-04-02_089.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=2 April 1976}}</ref>

On 2 April 1976, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] and was appointed Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Eastern Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Translations on South and East Asia |volume=621-636 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9sbyi_NrNcC |publisher=Joint Publications Research Service |language=en}}</ref> He relinquished command of the Eastern navy in 1977, handing over to his former [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet|Fleet Commander]] during the war, Rear Admiral [[S H Sarma]]. Parkash subsequently moved to Naval HQ as took over as [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] (COP).<ref>{{cite web |title=ADMIRAL SARMA TO HEAD EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1977-03-08_049.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=8 March 1977}}</ref>

Parkash was awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 1978.<ref>{{cite web |title=GALLANTRY AND DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS FOR DEFENCE PERSONNEL |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-JAN-DEC-AWARDS/PDF/DEF-1978-01-25_004.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=25 January 1978}}</ref> After serving as COP for about two years, Parkash was appointed the 6th [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]], the second senior-most position of the Navy, succeeding Vice Admiral [[Ronald Lynsdale Pereira]].<ref name="PIB VCNS" /> He relinquished office of VCNS on 31 March 1980.<ref>{{cite web |last1=November 18 |first1=india today digital |last2=April 30 |first2=india today digital |last3=November 20 |first3=india today digital |last4=Ist |first4=india today digital |title=S.S. Grewal appointed Cabinet Secretary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19800430-s.s.-grewal-appointed-cabinet-secretary-806638-2014-11-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

===Director General Indian Coast Guard===
The [[Indian Coast Guard]] came into being on 19 August 1978. The new service was to function under the overall command and control of a Director general.<ref>{{cite web |title=COAST GUARD TO BE FORMED IN AUGUST |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-APR-AUG-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-2/PDF/DEF-1978-06-29_121.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=29 June 1978}}</ref> On 1 April 1980, Parkash took over as the second [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]] (DGICG), succeeding Vice Admiral [[V. A. Kamath]].<ref>{{cite web |title=VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TAKES OVER AS DIRECTOR GENERAL COAST GUARD |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1980-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1980-03-31_124.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=31 March 1980}}</ref> He served as the DGICG for two years, before retiring.<ref>{{cite web |title=DIRECTOR GENERAL |url=https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1545_1_DIRECTORSGENERAL.aspx |website=indiancoastguard.gov.in}}</ref>

==Later life==
Parkash retired on 31 March 1982. He died in New Delhi on 20 January 2004, at the age of 80.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shahabuddin |first1=Khwaja Sayeed |title=Lest I Forget |date=2013 |chapter=Chapter 6: The Three Dufferin Years, 1939–41}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation|first1=B.C.|last1=Chakravorty|title=Stories of heroism: PVC & MVC winners|year=1995|isbn=978-8170235163|publisher=Allied Publishers}}
*{{citation|first1=Nilakanta|last1=Krishnan|title=A Sailor's story |year =2011 |isbn=978-8189534141|publisher=Punya Pub}}
*{{citation|first1=S H |last1=Sarma |title=My years at sea |year=2001|isbn=978-8170621218 |publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=S. L. Sethi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[INS Vikrant (1961)#Commanding officers|Commanding Officer INS Vikrant]]|years=1971-1973}}
{{s-aft|after=[[M. K. Roy]]}}
{{s-new|reason=Appointment created}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1973-1973}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[N. P. Datta]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kirpal Singh (Indian Navy officer)|Kirpal Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]]|years=1973-1974}}
{{s-bef|before=[[N. P. Datta]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1974-1976}}
{{s-bef|before=[[K. L. Kulkarni]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]]|years=1976-1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[S. H. Sarma]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rustom K. S. Ghandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]]|years=1977-1979}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manohar Prahlad Awati]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ronald Lynsdale Pereira]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1979-1980}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[M. R. Schunker]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[V. A. Kamath]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]]|years=1980-1982}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parkash, Swaraj}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Directors General of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:Vice Chiefs of Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Deputy Chiefs of Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Personnel (India)]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Western Fleet]]
[[Category:Royal Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian naval attachés]]