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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Rajasthan]]
'''Swami Kumaranand''', born '''Dvijendra Kumar Naag''' (16 April 1889 – 29 December 1971), was an Indian politician and leader of [[Communist Party of India]]. A Congressman turned communist, he was a key builder of the communist movement in [[Rajputana]] and [[Madhya Bharat]].<ref name="h1">''The Hindu''. ''[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/finally-a-memorial-for-a-revolutionary/article2956019.ece Finally, a memorial for a revolutionary]''</ref><ref name="n1">''New Age Weekly''. ''[http://www.newageweekly.in/2011/12/swami-kumaranand-untiring-revolutionary.html?m=1 Swami Kumaranand, an Untiring Revolutionary]''</ref>

==Early life==
Kumaranand hailed from a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] family in [[Rangoon]];<ref name="n1"/> his father was the Commissioner of the Burmese capital.<ref name="h1"/> Kumaranand went to [[Dacca]] and [[Calcutta]] to obtain higher education.<ref name="n1"/> After meeting Swami Satyananda of [[Utkal]], Kumaranad became involved in revolutionary activities in 1905.<ref name="n1"/><ref name="Sharma1981"/> He also visited China in 1910 and met with [[Sun Yat-Sen]]. Following his stay in China he traveled to Calcutta, where he was arrested. He remained imprisoned for nine years. In total, he would spend 30 years of his life in jail (both during and after British rule).<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/><ref name="Sharma1981"/>

==Move to Beawar==
Following a meeting with [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Kumaranand moved to [[Beawar]] around 1920<ref name="Chatterji1980">{{cite book|author=Rakhahari Chatterji|title=Unions, politics, and the state: a study of Indian labour politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quorAAAAIAAJ|year=1980|publisher=South Asian Publishers|pages=52–53}}</ref> in order to organised resistance against British rule there.<ref name="h1"/> He cooperated with [[Indulal Yagnik]] in organising a Kisan (Peasant) Conference in Beawar in 1921.<ref name="h1"/>

==Independence struggle==
Kumaranand became a member of the [[All India Congress Committee]] in 1920, and was a key figure in the left-wing of the Congress.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/><ref name="Sharma1981">{{cite book|author=Jagdish Saran Sharma|title=Encyclopaedia Indica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWtDAAAAYAAJ|year=1981|publisher=S. Chand|page=649}}</ref> Together with [[Maulana Hasrat Mohani]], he co-tabled the first [[Purna Swaraj|motion to call for full Independence for India]] at the [[Ahmedabad]] session of the AICC in 1921, a move Gandhi rejected at the time.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/><ref name="ye"/> Kumaranand was noted for having distributed copies of the ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'' at the event.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/><ref name="ye">''Hindustan Times''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20131125011138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/sitaramyechury/bonds-that-do-not-bind/article1-1092957.aspx Bonds that do not bind]''</ref> He was one of the leading figures of the [[Salt Satyagraha]] in Beawar, and was arrested for his role in this agitation.<ref name="(India)1966">{{cite book|author=Rajasthan (India)|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Ajmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM5hAAAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|page=659}}</ref>

==Labour and communist leader==
Kumaranand organised a trade union of [[textile mill]] workers in 1931, the Mill Mazdoor Sabha, with workers from three mills. This union was short-lived, as it met stern resistance from mill owners. In 1936 Kumaranand founded the Textile Labour Union. This union also failed to make any major impact.<ref name="n1"/><ref name="Chatterji1980"/><ref name="Gaur1986">{{cite book|author=G. L. Gaur|title=Trade unionism and industrial relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO0uAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|page=66}}</ref>

At the Indian National Congress session of 1939, Kumaranand supported the candidature of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref name="h1"/> Kumarand was arrested in 1943, following civil disobedience actions.<ref name="Saxena1971">{{cite book|author=K. S. Saxena|title=The Political Movements and Awakening in Rajasthan: 1857 to 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUoMAAAAIAAJ|year=1971|publisher=S. Chand|page=235}}</ref> Following his release from prison, he joined the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1945.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/> In the same year, he became the founding president of the Central India and Rajputana Trade Union Congress.<ref name="n1"/><ref name="Bhargava1995">{{cite book|author=P. P. Bhargava|title=Trade union dynamism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVXtAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Printwell|pages=56–57}}</ref> In 1948, after Independence, he was jailed again.<ref name="h1"/> In 1949 he organised the first clandestine conference of the CPI in Rajputana.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/>

==Legislator==
Kumaranand contested the Beawar seat in the 1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He finished in second place, with 10,400 votes (40.68%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN]''</ref> He was arrested following the central government employees' strike of July 1960.<ref name="Congress1960">{{cite book|author=All-India Trade Union Congress|title=Five Glorious Days, July 12–16, 1960: Central Government Employees' Strike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3oY-AAAAIAAJ|year=1960|publisher=AITUC|page=139}}</ref> Kumaranand won the Beawar seat in the 1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, with 11,681 votes (37.18%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN]''</ref> His election was facilitated by the inside the Beawar Congress Party between [[Brij Mohan Lal Sharma]] and [[Chiman Singh Lodha]].<ref name="ra">{{cite book|title=The Political Science Review, Vol. 12, Part 3–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIokAQAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Department of Political Science, University of Rajasthan|page=222}}</ref> During Kumaranand's first visit to the Legislative Assembly after being elected, the Chief Minister [[Mohanlal Sukhadia]] greeted him and touched his feet as a sign of respect.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="w1">webindia123. ''[http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120303/1939473.html History of freedom movement re-lived at Kumaranand Hall]''</ref>

==Legacy==
In 1975 the Swami Kumaranand Smarak Samiti ('Swami Kumaranand Memorial Society') was established.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="n1"/> Statues of Kumaranand stand in [[Jaipur]] and Beawar.<ref name="n1"/><ref>''Mainstream''. ''[http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2016.html Prabhash Joshi and the RTI Movement]''</ref> In 2012 the CPI inaugurated 'Swami Kumaranand Bhavan' as its Rajasthan state headquarters in Jaipur. Rajasthan Chief Minister [[Ashok Gehlot]], CPI leaders [[A.B. Bardhan]], [[S. Sudhakar Reddy]], and [[Atul Kumar Anjan]] and
[[CPI(M)]] leader Vasudev Sharmatook part in the ceremony.<ref name="w1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumaranand, Swami}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Members of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]

Swami Kumaranand - Revision history

imported>Ebbedlila: short description