Sustainable Development Goal 13 - Revision history

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Reverted edit by 2409:40D0:243D:9E52:4EC5:CF8F:C250:4C93 (talk) to last revision by WikiDwarf

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	{{United Nations series}}		{{United Nations series}}
	'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [~~https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/~~ Sustainable Development Goals] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}		'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}

	~~[https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/goal-13~~ SDG 13] has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal\|last1=Bartram\|first1=Jamie\|last2=Brocklehurst\|first2=Clarissa\|last3=Bradley\|first3=David\|last4=Muller\|first4=Mike\|last5=Evans\|first5=Barbara\|date=December 2018\|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation\|journal=npj Clean Water\|volume=1\|issue=1\|page=3\|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0\|s2cid=169226066\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Creativecommons~~:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.		SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal \|last1=Bartram \|first1=Jamie \|last2=Brocklehurst \|first2=Clarissa \|last3=Bradley \|first3=David \|last4=Muller \|first4=Mike \|last5=Evans \|first5=Barbara \|date=December 2018 \|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation \|journal=npj Clean Water \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|page=3 \|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0 \|s2cid=169226066 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B }} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

	Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />		Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />
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	Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />		Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />

	[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-~~BY_icon~~.svg\|~~50x50px~~]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]		[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]
	[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]		[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]

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	=== Climate migration ===		=== Climate migration ===
	{{Further\|Climate migration}}		{{Further\|Climate migration}}
	SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|last1=Adger\|first1=W Neil\|last2=Boyd\|first2=Emily\|last3=Fábos\|first3=Anita\|last4=Fransen\|first4=Sonja\|last5=Jolivet\|first5=Dominique\|last6=Neville\|first6=George\|last7=de Campos\|first7=Ricardo Safra\|last8=Vijge\|first8=Marjanneke J\|date=2019\|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals\|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health\|language=en\|volume=3\|issue=11\|pages=e440–e442\|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X\|pmid=31777332\|doi-access=free\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />		SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last1=Adger \|first1=W Neil \|last2=Boyd \|first2=Emily \|last3=Fábos \|first3=Anita \|last4=Fransen \|first4=Sonja \|last5=Jolivet \|first5=Dominique \|last6=Neville \|first6=George \|last7=de Campos \|first7=Ricardo Safra \|last8=Vijge \|first8=Marjanneke J \|date=2019 \|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals \|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health \|language=en \|volume=3 \|issue=11 \|pages=e440–e442 \|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X \|pmid=31777332 \|doi-access=free \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />

	=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===		=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
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	Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>		Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

	A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last1=Filho\|first1=Walter Leal\|last2=Hickmann\|first2=Thomas\|last3=Nagy\|first3=Gustavo J.\|last4=Pinho\|first4=Patricia\|last5=Sharifi\|first5=Ayyoob\|last6=Minhas\|first6=Aprajita\|last7=Islam\|first7=M Rezaul\|last8=Djalanti\|first8=Riyanti\|last9=García Vinuesa\|first9=Antonio\|last10=Abubakar\|first10=Ismaila Rimi\|date=2022\|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes\|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science\|volume=10\|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466\|issn=2296-665X\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>		A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal \|last1=Filho \|first1=Walter Leal \|last2=Hickmann \|first2=Thomas \|last3=Nagy \|first3=Gustavo J. \|last4=Pinho \|first4=Patricia \|last5=Sharifi \|first5=Ayyoob \|last6=Minhas \|first6=Aprajita \|last7=Islam \|first7=M Rezaul \|last8=Djalanti \|first8=Riyanti \|last9=García Vinuesa \|first9=Antonio \|last10=Abubakar \|first10=Ismaila Rimi \|date=2022 \|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes \|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science \|volume=10 \|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466 \|issn=2296-665X \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>

	===Russian invasion of Ukraine===		===Russian invasion of Ukraine===

2409:40D0:243D:9E52:4EC5:CF8F:C250:4C93: Undo revision 553578 by WikiDwarf (talk)

2026-09-03T18:04:09Z

Undo revision 553578 by WikiDwarf (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:34, 3 September 2026
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	{{United Nations series}}		{{United Nations series}}
	'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}		'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/ Sustainable Development Goals] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}

	SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal \|last1=Bartram \|first1=Jamie \|last2=Brocklehurst \|first2=Clarissa \|last3=Bradley \|first3=David \|last4=Muller \|first4=Mike \|last5=Evans \|first5=Barbara \|date=December 2018 \|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation \|journal=npj Clean Water \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|page=3 \|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0 \|s2cid=169226066 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B }} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~creativecommons~~:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.		[https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/goal-13 SDG 13] has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal\|last1=Bartram\|first1=Jamie\|last2=Brocklehurst\|first2=Clarissa\|last3=Bradley\|first3=David\|last4=Muller\|first4=Mike\|last5=Evans\|first5=Barbara\|date=December 2018\|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation\|journal=npj Clean Water\|volume=1\|issue=1\|page=3\|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0\|s2cid=169226066\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Creativecommons:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

	Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />		Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />
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	Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />		Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />

	[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-~~BY icon~~.svg\|~~50px~~]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]		[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]
	[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]		[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]

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	=== Climate migration ===		=== Climate migration ===
	{{Further\|Climate migration}}		{{Further\|Climate migration}}
	SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last1=Adger \|first1=W Neil \|last2=Boyd \|first2=Emily \|last3=Fábos \|first3=Anita \|last4=Fransen \|first4=Sonja \|last5=Jolivet \|first5=Dominique \|last6=Neville \|first6=George \|last7=de Campos \|first7=Ricardo Safra \|last8=Vijge \|first8=Marjanneke J \|date=2019 \|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals \|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health \|language=en \|volume=3 \|issue=11 \|pages=e440–e442 \|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X \|pmid=31777332 \|doi-access=free \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />		SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|last1=Adger\|first1=W Neil\|last2=Boyd\|first2=Emily\|last3=Fábos\|first3=Anita\|last4=Fransen\|first4=Sonja\|last5=Jolivet\|first5=Dominique\|last6=Neville\|first6=George\|last7=de Campos\|first7=Ricardo Safra\|last8=Vijge\|first8=Marjanneke J\|date=2019\|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals\|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health\|language=en\|volume=3\|issue=11\|pages=e440–e442\|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X\|pmid=31777332\|doi-access=free\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />

	=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===		=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
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	Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>		Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

	A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal \|last1=Filho \|first1=Walter Leal \|last2=Hickmann \|first2=Thomas \|last3=Nagy \|first3=Gustavo J. \|last4=Pinho \|first4=Patricia \|last5=Sharifi \|first5=Ayyoob \|last6=Minhas \|first6=Aprajita \|last7=Islam \|first7=M Rezaul \|last8=Djalanti \|first8=Riyanti \|last9=García Vinuesa \|first9=Antonio \|last10=Abubakar \|first10=Ismaila Rimi \|date=2022 \|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes \|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science \|volume=10 \|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466 \|issn=2296-665X \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>		A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last1=Filho\|first1=Walter Leal\|last2=Hickmann\|first2=Thomas\|last3=Nagy\|first3=Gustavo J.\|last4=Pinho\|first4=Patricia\|last5=Sharifi\|first5=Ayyoob\|last6=Minhas\|first6=Aprajita\|last7=Islam\|first7=M Rezaul\|last8=Djalanti\|first8=Riyanti\|last9=García Vinuesa\|first9=Antonio\|last10=Abubakar\|first10=Ismaila Rimi\|date=2022\|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes\|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science\|volume=10\|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466\|issn=2296-665X\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>

	===Russian invasion of Ukraine===		===Russian invasion of Ukraine===

WikiDwarf: Reverted edit by 162.251.62.66 (talk) to last revision by VYVEwan7971

2026-09-03T09:46:41Z

Reverted edit by 162.251.62.66 (talk) to last revision by VYVEwan7971

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 3 September 2026
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	}}		}}
	{{United Nations series}}		{{United Nations series}}
	'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [~~https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/~~ Sustainable Development Goals] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}		'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}

	~~[https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/goal-13~~ SDG 13] has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal\|last1=Bartram\|first1=Jamie\|last2=Brocklehurst\|first2=Clarissa\|last3=Bradley\|first3=David\|last4=Muller\|first4=Mike\|last5=Evans\|first5=Barbara\|date=December 2018\|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation\|journal=npj Clean Water\|volume=1\|issue=1\|page=3\|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0\|s2cid=169226066\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Creativecommons~~:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.		SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal \|last1=Bartram \|first1=Jamie \|last2=Brocklehurst \|first2=Clarissa \|last3=Bradley \|first3=David \|last4=Muller \|first4=Mike \|last5=Evans \|first5=Barbara \|date=December 2018 \|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation \|journal=npj Clean Water \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|page=3 \|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0 \|s2cid=169226066 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B }} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

	Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />		Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />
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	Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />		Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />

	[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-~~BY_icon~~.svg\|~~50x50px~~]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]		[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]
	[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]		[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]

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	=== Climate migration ===		=== Climate migration ===
	{{Further\|Climate migration}}		{{Further\|Climate migration}}
	SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|last1=Adger\|first1=W Neil\|last2=Boyd\|first2=Emily\|last3=Fábos\|first3=Anita\|last4=Fransen\|first4=Sonja\|last5=Jolivet\|first5=Dominique\|last6=Neville\|first6=George\|last7=de Campos\|first7=Ricardo Safra\|last8=Vijge\|first8=Marjanneke J\|date=2019\|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals\|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health\|language=en\|volume=3\|issue=11\|pages=e440–e442\|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X\|pmid=31777332\|doi-access=free\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />		SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last1=Adger \|first1=W Neil \|last2=Boyd \|first2=Emily \|last3=Fábos \|first3=Anita \|last4=Fransen \|first4=Sonja \|last5=Jolivet \|first5=Dominique \|last6=Neville \|first6=George \|last7=de Campos \|first7=Ricardo Safra \|last8=Vijge \|first8=Marjanneke J \|date=2019 \|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals \|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health \|language=en \|volume=3 \|issue=11 \|pages=e440–e442 \|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X \|pmid=31777332 \|doi-access=free \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />

	=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===		=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
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	Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>		Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

	A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last1=Filho\|first1=Walter Leal\|last2=Hickmann\|first2=Thomas\|last3=Nagy\|first3=Gustavo J.\|last4=Pinho\|first4=Patricia\|last5=Sharifi\|first5=Ayyoob\|last6=Minhas\|first6=Aprajita\|last7=Islam\|first7=M Rezaul\|last8=Djalanti\|first8=Riyanti\|last9=García Vinuesa\|first9=Antonio\|last10=Abubakar\|first10=Ismaila Rimi\|date=2022\|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes\|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science\|volume=10\|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466\|issn=2296-665X\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~Ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>		A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal \|last1=Filho \|first1=Walter Leal \|last2=Hickmann \|first2=Thomas \|last3=Nagy \|first3=Gustavo J. \|last4=Pinho \|first4=Patricia \|last5=Sharifi \|first5=Ayyoob \|last6=Minhas \|first6=Aprajita \|last7=Islam \|first7=M Rezaul \|last8=Djalanti \|first8=Riyanti \|last9=García Vinuesa \|first9=Antonio \|last10=Abubakar \|first10=Ismaila Rimi \|date=2022 \|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes \|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science \|volume=10 \|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466 \|issn=2296-665X \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>

	===Russian invasion of Ukraine===		===Russian invasion of Ukraine===

162.251.62.66 at 07:49, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T07:49:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 3 September 2026
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	}}		}}
	{{United Nations series}}		{{United Nations series}}
	'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}		'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/ Sustainable Development Goals] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}

	SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal \|last1=Bartram \|first1=Jamie \|last2=Brocklehurst \|first2=Clarissa \|last3=Bradley \|first3=David \|last4=Muller \|first4=Mike \|last5=Evans \|first5=Barbara \|date=December 2018 \|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation \|journal=npj Clean Water \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|page=3 \|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0 \|s2cid=169226066 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B }} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~creativecommons~~:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.		[https://sdgindicators.org/indicators/goal-13 SDG 13] has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal\|last1=Bartram\|first1=Jamie\|last2=Brocklehurst\|first2=Clarissa\|last3=Bradley\|first3=David\|last4=Muller\|first4=Mike\|last5=Evans\|first5=Barbara\|date=December 2018\|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation\|journal=npj Clean Water\|volume=1\|issue=1\|page=3\|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0\|s2cid=169226066\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Creativecommons:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

	Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />		Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />
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	Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />		Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />

	[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-~~BY icon~~.svg\|~~50px~~]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]		[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]
	[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]		[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]

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	=== Climate migration ===		=== Climate migration ===
	{{Further\|Climate migration}}		{{Further\|Climate migration}}
	SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last1=Adger \|first1=W Neil \|last2=Boyd \|first2=Emily \|last3=Fábos \|first3=Anita \|last4=Fransen \|first4=Sonja \|last5=Jolivet \|first5=Dominique \|last6=Neville \|first6=George \|last7=de Campos \|first7=Ricardo Safra \|last8=Vijge \|first8=Marjanneke J \|date=2019 \|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals \|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health \|language=en \|volume=3 \|issue=11 \|pages=e440–e442 \|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X \|pmid=31777332 \|doi-access=free \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />		SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|last1=Adger\|first1=W Neil\|last2=Boyd\|first2=Emily\|last3=Fábos\|first3=Anita\|last4=Fransen\|first4=Sonja\|last5=Jolivet\|first5=Dominique\|last6=Neville\|first6=George\|last7=de Campos\|first7=Ricardo Safra\|last8=Vijge\|first8=Marjanneke J\|date=2019\|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals\|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health\|language=en\|volume=3\|issue=11\|pages=e440–e442\|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X\|pmid=31777332\|doi-access=free\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />

	=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===		=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
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	Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>		Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

	A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal \|last1=Filho \|first1=Walter Leal \|last2=Hickmann \|first2=Thomas \|last3=Nagy \|first3=Gustavo J. \|last4=Pinho \|first4=Patricia \|last5=Sharifi \|first5=Ayyoob \|last6=Minhas \|first6=Aprajita \|last7=Islam \|first7=M Rezaul \|last8=Djalanti \|first8=Riyanti \|last9=García Vinuesa \|first9=Antonio \|last10=Abubakar \|first10=Ismaila Rimi \|date=2022 \|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes \|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science \|volume=10 \|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466 \|issn=2296-665X \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>		A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last1=Filho\|first1=Walter Leal\|last2=Hickmann\|first2=Thomas\|last3=Nagy\|first3=Gustavo J.\|last4=Pinho\|first4=Patricia\|last5=Sharifi\|first5=Ayyoob\|last6=Minhas\|first6=Aprajita\|last7=Islam\|first7=M Rezaul\|last8=Djalanti\|first8=Riyanti\|last9=García Vinuesa\|first9=Antonio\|last10=Abubakar\|first10=Ismaila Rimi\|date=2022\|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes\|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science\|volume=10\|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466\|issn=2296-665X\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>

	===Russian invasion of Ukraine===		===Russian invasion of Ukraine===

VYVEwan7971: new!

2026-02-06T21:50:36Z

new!

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:59, 4 September 2026
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	'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}		'''Sustainable Development Goal 13''' ('''SDG 13''' or '''Global Goal 13''') is the [[United Nations]] Global Goal to [[Climate change mitigation\|limit]] and [[Climate change adaptation\|adapt to]] [[climate change]]. It is one of 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] established by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "[[Climate action\|Take urgent action]] to combat climate change and its [[Effects of climate change\|impacts]]".<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf\|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> SDG 13 and [[Sustainable Development Goal 7\|SDG 7]] on [[Sustainable energy\|clean energy]] are closely related and complementary.<ref name="Energyreport2019" />{{rp\|101}}

	SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal \|last1=Bartram \|first1=Jamie \|last2=Brocklehurst \|first2=Clarissa \|last3=Bradley \|first3=David \|last4=Muller \|first4=Mike \|last5=Evans \|first5=Barbara \|date=December 2018 \|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation \|journal=npj Clean Water \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|page=3 \|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0 \|s2cid=169226066 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B }} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~creativecommons~~:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.		[https://sdgindicators.org/indicators SDG] 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are ''outcome targets''. The first target is to strengthen resilience and [[adaptive capacity]] towards climate change-related [[disaster]]s. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to [[Capacity building\|build knowledge and capacity]]. The remaining two targets are ''means of implementation targets''.<ref name=":222">{{cite journal\|last1=Bartram\|first1=Jamie\|last2=Brocklehurst\|first2=Clarissa\|last3=Bradley\|first3=David\|last4=Muller\|first4=Mike\|last5=Evans\|first5=Barbara\|date=December 2018\|title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation\|journal=npj Clean Water\|volume=1\|issue=1\|page=3\|doi=10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0\|s2cid=169226066\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2018npjCW...1....3B}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Creativecommons:by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> These include implementing the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\|UN Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

	Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />		Under the 2015 [[Paris Agreement]], nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2°C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about {{convert\|2.7\|C-change}} by the end of the century.<ref name="UNEP2021" />
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	Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />		Each target includes one or more indicators that help to measure and monitor the progress. Some of the indicators are number of deaths, missing people and directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (13.1.1) or total [[greenhouse emissions]] generated by year (13.2.2).<ref name=":2" />

	[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-~~BY icon~~.svg\|~~50px~~]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]		[[File:Internally displaced persons from natural disasters, OWID.svg\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.1 in 2017: Internally displaced persons from natural disasters<ref name=":3">[[Hannah Ritchie]], [[Max Roser]], Jaiden Mispy, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2018) [https://sdg-tracker.org/climate-change "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 13)] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref>\|300x300px]]
	[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]		[[File:Countries-with-legislative-regulatory-provisions-for-managing-disaster-risk.png\|thumb\|World map related to Indicator 13.1.2 in 2018. The map shows the number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.<ref name=":3" />\|300x300px]]

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	=== Climate migration ===		=== Climate migration ===
	{{Further\|Climate migration}}		{{Further\|Climate migration}}
	SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last1=Adger \|first1=W Neil \|last2=Boyd \|first2=Emily \|last3=Fábos \|first3=Anita \|last4=Fransen \|first4=Sonja \|last5=Jolivet \|first5=Dominique \|last6=Neville \|first6=George \|last7=de Campos \|first7=Ricardo Safra \|last8=Vijge \|first8=Marjanneke J \|date=2019 \|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals \|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health \|language=en \|volume=3 \|issue=11 \|pages=e440–e442 \|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X \|pmid=31777332 \|doi-access=free \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />		SDG 13 does not directly address the link between nations most [[Climate change vulnerability\|vulnerable to climate change]] and increased migration flows ([[climate migration]]). It therefore misses the chance to recognize migration as an adaptive response of mobile populations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|last1=Adger\|first1=W Neil\|last2=Boyd\|first2=Emily\|last3=Fábos\|first3=Anita\|last4=Fransen\|first4=Sonja\|last5=Jolivet\|first5=Dominique\|last6=Neville\|first6=George\|last7=de Campos\|first7=Ricardo Safra\|last8=Vijge\|first8=Marjanneke J\|date=2019\|title=Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals\|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health\|language=en\|volume=3\|issue=11\|pages=e440–e442\|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X\|pmid=31777332\|doi-access=free\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=10871/40121}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[Natural disaster#Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards\|Weather-related disasters]] displace millions of people, but the goal's focus on national policies overlooks the role of migration. SDG 13 could instead track government policies on [[Population transfer\|relocating communities]], a practice likely to grow in the future.<ref name=":1" />

	=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===		=== Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic ===
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	Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>		Post pandemic, there is a rush for governments globally to stimulate local economies by putting money towards fossil fuel production and in turn economic stimulation.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-04-20 \|title=Carbon emissions to soar in 2021 by second highest rate in history \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/20/carbon-emissions-to-soar-in-2021-by-second-highest-rate-in-history \|access-date=2022-05-09 \|website=The Guardian \|language=en}}</ref> Funding for economic policies will likely divert the emergency funds usually afforded to climate funding like The Green Climate Fund and other sustainable policies, unless an emphasis is put on green deals in the redirection of monetary funds.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Naidoo\|first1=Robin\|last2=Fisher\|first2=Brendan\|date=July 2020\|title=Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world\|journal=Nature\|language=en\|volume=583\|issue=7815\|pages=198–201\|bibcode=2020Natur.583..198N\|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x\|issn=0028-0836\|pmid=32632244\|s2cid=220376783\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yoshino\|first1=Naoyuki\|last2=Taghizadeh-Hesary\|first2=Farhad\|last3=Otsuka\|first3=Miyu\|date=July 2020\|title=Covid-19 and Optimal Portfolio Selection for Investment in Sustainable Development Goals\|url= \|journal=Finance Research Letters\|volume=38\|language=en\|article-number=101695\|doi=10.1016/j.frl.2020.101695\|pmc=7354763\|pmid=32837379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Markard\|first1=Jochen\|last2=Rosenbloom\|first2=Daniel\|date=2020-12-10\|title=A tale of two crises: COVID-19 and climate\|journal=Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy\|language=en\|volume=16\|issue=1\|pages=53–60\|doi=10.1080/15487733.2020.1765679\|issn=1548-7733\|s2cid=225015869\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2020SSPP...16...53M \|hdl=20.500.11850/429176\|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

	A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal \|last1=Filho \|first1=Walter Leal \|last2=Hickmann \|first2=Thomas \|last3=Nagy \|first3=Gustavo J. \|last4=Pinho \|first4=Patricia \|last5=Sharifi \|first5=Ayyoob \|last6=Minhas \|first6=Aprajita \|last7=Islam \|first7=M Rezaul \|last8=Djalanti \|first8=Riyanti \|last9=García Vinuesa \|first9=Antonio \|last10=Abubakar \|first10=Ismaila Rimi \|date=2022 \|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes \|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science \|volume=10 \|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466 \|issn=2296-665X \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[~~ccorg~~:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>		A 2022 publication reported that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted progress on SDG 13 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[UNFCCC]]) processes. Travel restrictions and reduced in-person meetings disrupted climate-related work, delaying actions and some planned deliverables. Scientists in developing countries faced greater challenges than their colleagues in higher-income countries due to weaker [[Communications infrastructure\|communication infrastructure]] and higher work demands in developing countries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last1=Filho\|first1=Walter Leal\|last2=Hickmann\|first2=Thomas\|last3=Nagy\|first3=Gustavo J.\|last4=Pinho\|first4=Patricia\|last5=Sharifi\|first5=Ayyoob\|last6=Minhas\|first6=Aprajita\|last7=Islam\|first7=M Rezaul\|last8=Djalanti\|first8=Riyanti\|last9=García Vinuesa\|first9=Antonio\|last10=Abubakar\|first10=Ismaila Rimi\|date=2022\|title=The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes\|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science\|volume=10\|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466\|issn=2296-665X\|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2022FrEnS..1084466F\|hdl-access=free\|hdl=20.500.12008/41669}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg\|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[Ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/\|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref>

	===Russian invasion of Ukraine===		===Russian invasion of Ukraine===