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{{short description|Telugu dictionary}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox book
| name = Sri Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu
| image =
| caption = Title page from the second edition of the ''Dictionary''
| author =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| series =
| subject = [[Dictionary]]
| publisher =
| release_date = {{Plainlist|
* '''Vol. 1''': 1936
* '''Vol. 2''': 1939
* '''Vol. 3''': 1942
* '''Vol. 4''': 1944
* '''Vol. 5''': 1958
* '''Vol. 6''': 1958
* '''Vol. 7''': 1958
* '''Vol. 8''': 1974
}}
| english_release_date =
| pages =
| wikisource =
| native_wikisource =
| media_type = 8 volumes
}}
'''''Sri Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu''''' (శ్రీ సూర్యరాయాంధ్ర నిఘంటువు) is a [[Telugu language]] dictionary. It is the most comprehensive monolingual Telugu dictionary.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Krishnamurti |first=Bhadriraju |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Kwqc7xso22wC&pg=PA2528#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Dictionaries: An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography |date=1991 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |isbn=978-3-11-012421-7 |volume=Third |pages=2528 |language=en |author-link=Bhadriraju Krishnamurti}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Saride Nageswara Rao |first= |date=20 December 2017 |title=Herculean task of compiling Suryarayandhra dictionary |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2017-12-20/Herculean-task-of-compiling-Suryarayandhra-dictionary/346611 |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> It was published in eight volumes between 1936 and 1974.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TXNjAAAAMAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHxLL3zd6AAxX4bGwGHbL6AKI4ChDoAXoECAsQAg |title=Indian Literature |date=1984 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |volume=27 |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Sonti Venkata Suryanarayana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fXJkAAAAMAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivubfZwd6AAxX0S2wGHal8DIIQ6AF6BAgHEAI |title=Vignettes of Telugu Literature: A Concise History of Classical Telugu Literature |date=1999 |publisher=Jyeshtha Literary Trust |pages=153 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anjaneyulu |first=D. |date=1984 |title=The Telugu Scene: Dissertations, the Popular Press and 'Mini'-literature |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24158345 |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |volume=27 |issue=6 (104) |pages=163 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> It was named after [[Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau]], the [[zamindar]] of [[Pithapuram Estate|Pitapuram Estate]] who sponsored the first four volumes of the dictionary.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HTluAAAAMAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivubfZwd6AAxX0S2wGHal8DIIQ6AF6BAgIEAI |title=History and Culture of the Andhras |date=1995 |publisher=Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rau Vijnana Sarvaswa Sakha, [[Telugu University]] |isbn=978-81-86073-07-0 |pages=308 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=I. V. Chalapati |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SadAAAAAMAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivubfZwd6AAxX0S2wGHal8DIIQ6AF6BAgEEAI |title=Sri R.V.K.M. Surya Rau Bahadur, Maharajah of Pithapuram |date=1987 |publisher=[[Telugu University]] |pages=27 |language=en |author-link=I. V. Chalapati Rao}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DP8WAQAAIAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivubfZwd6AAxX0S2wGHal8DIIQ6AF6BAgFEAI |title=Debates; Official Report |date=1964 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]] |pages=59 |language=te |quote=He had donated very handsomely for the publication of a comprehensive Telugu dictionary by name Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu.}}</ref>

The dictionary features over 1.1 [[lakh]] words with information about each entry like word origin, meaning, synonyms and historical usage in literature.<ref name=":1" /> A team of 40 scholars contributed to the dictionary over a period of six decades from 1911 to 1974.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dgbWAAAAMAAJ&q=Suryarayandhra+Nighantuvu&dq=Suryarayandhra+Nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpyOLM1N6AAxUWbWwGHQxxC-EQ6AF6BAgLEAI |title=Andhra Pradesh State Administration Report |date=1973 |publisher=Department of General Administration, [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref> The first four volumes were published by [[:te:ఆంధ్ర_సాహిత్య_పరిషత్,_కాకినాడ|Andhra Sahitya Parishad]], [[Kakinada]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/ShriiSuuryaraayaandhraNighantuvu6/shrii%20suryaraayan%27dhra%20nighan%27t%27uvu%208/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Suryaraaya Andhra Nighantuvu |publisher=Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi |year=1982 |volume=8 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau]], the Maharajah of [[Pithapuram Estate|Pitapuram]] was interested in the promotion of Telugu language and literary development. Surya Rau, Mokkapati Subbrayudu, his [[Dewan]] and Jayanti Ramaiah Pantulu, a [[magistrate]] in the Madras Presidency were crucial in initiating the dictionary.<ref name=":1" /> The three of them met at Dunmore House in [[Chennai|Madras]] on 26 March 1911 and arranged a meeting of scholars. The meeting was attended by eminent scholars like [[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]], [[Vedam Venkataraya Sastry]], Chennapragada Bhanumurthy, Goteti Kanakaraju, [[Vavilikolanu Subbarao|Vavilikolanu Subba Rao]] and [[Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao]]. Veeresalingam proposed the necessity to have a comprehensive dictionary for Telugu language and Surya Rau, the Maharajah of Pithapuram, came forward to sponsor such a dictionary.<ref name=":1" />

On 12 May 1911, Surya Rau constituted Saraswata Parishad and fixed the objectives of the dictionary to incorporate [[etymology]] and other such information. A dictionary compilation committee was constituted with Vedam Venkataraya Sastry as the editor and Jayanti Ramayya (Jayanti Ramaiah) as the executive.<ref name=":1" /> Work did not progress much even after two years of formation of the committee. The office of the dictionary compilation was shifted to [[Pithapuram|Pitapuram]] from Madras amd Jayanti Ramayya was made the editor of the dictionary. After that, the compilation work progressed.<ref name=":1" />

The first volume of the dictionary was released in April 1936. Apart from Surya Rau, [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], [[Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao]], [[Korada Ramakrishnaiya]], Nelaturi Venkata Ramanaiah among others took part in the release function.<ref name=":1" /> The second, third, and fourth volumes released in 1939, 1942, and 1944. The expenditure incurred for compiling the first four volumes was estimated to be around {{Indian Rupee}}20 [[lakh]], a princely sum at the time.<ref name=":1" />

After Indian independence in 1947, the princely states were [[Political integration of India|merged]] into the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] and the Pitapuram Maharajah suffered heavy loss as a result. Therefore, he could not extend financial support to the compilation work.<ref name=":1" /> As a result, the fifth volume of the dictionary was delayed. However, with the support from the composite [[Madras State]] the fifth, sixth and seventh volumes were completed. The eighth edition saw light because of the efforts of [[Diwakarla Venkatavadhani]] and Patibanda Madhava Sarma.<ref name=":1" />

== Content ==
The dictionary features over 1.1 [[lakh]] words with information about each entry like word origin, meaning, synonyms and historical usage in literature. It even incorporated legislative terminology.<ref name=":1" />

== Volumes ==
The compilation of the dictionary began in 1911 and concluded in 1972. During this period, the project faced several hurdles and four editors were changed.<ref name=":1" />

The first volume was released in 1936, the second one in 1939, the third one in 1942, and the fourth volume in 1944. The fifth, sixth and seventh volumes were released in 1958, and the last volume was released in 1974.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Reception ==
According to scholars, Suryarayandhra dictionary is much better in comparison to other works like ''Andhra Vachaspatyam'', ''Lakshminarayaneeyam'', ''Sabdhardha Chandrika'', ''Andhrapada Parijatam'' and [[Sabda Ratnakaram|''Sabda Ratnakaram'']].<ref name=":1" /> However, it also received criticism by scholars. The primary criticism was the lack of space for colloquial language in the dictionary. Noted scholars [[Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy|Gidugu Ramamurthy]] and Vadlamudi Venkata Ratnam termed it not comprehensive and full of errors. They wrote many articles criticising the dictionary.<ref name=":1" />

== Contributors ==
Jayanti Ramayya edited the first and second volumes between 1936 and 1939.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sītāpati |first=Giḍugu Vēṅkaṭa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yokOAAAAYAAJ&q=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&dq=suryaraya+andhra+nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivubfZwd6AAxX0S2wGHal8DIIQ6AF6BAgLEAI |title=History of Telugu Literature |date=1968 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |pages=153 |language=en}}</ref> Third and fourth volumes were edited by Kasibhatta Subbayya Sastri between 1942 and 1944.<ref name=":0" /> A team of over 40 scholars contributed to the dictionary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rādhākr̥ṣṇa |first=Būdarāju |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cH9FmxF45UcC&pg=PA23&dq=Suryarayandhra+Nighantuvu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpyOLM1N6AAxUWbWwGHQxxC-EQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=Suryarayandhra%20Nighantuvu&f=false |title=Makers of Indian Literature: Paravastu Chinnaya Suri |date=1995 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-685-2 |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> Some of them include:<ref name=":1" />

* Tanjanagaram Tevapperumallaiah
* Puranapanda Mallayya Sastry
* Kuchi Narasimham
* Charla Narayana Sastry
* Pisupati Chidambara Sastry
* Vemparala Suryanarayana Sastry
* Darbha Sarveswara Sastry
* Samavedam Sriramamurthy Sastry
* Pannala Venkatadribhatta Sarma
* Chilukuri Veerabhadra Sastry
* Akundi Venkata Sastry
* Prayaga Venkatarama Sastry

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.teluguthesis.com/2013/05/shree-surya-raya-andhra-nighantuvu.html Sri Suryaraaya Andhra Nighantuvu] at Telugu Thesis

[[Category:Telugu dictionaries]]
[[Category:Telugu-language literature]]

Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Creating a new article