https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Suryakant_TripathiSuryakant Tripathi - Revision history2026-09-03T11:24:19ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suryakant_Tripathi&diff=141839&oldid=prev2409:4063:2091:72D1:0:0:52B:B8A0 at 12:26, 23 August 20212021-08-23T12:26:43Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date= July 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox writer <br />
| name = Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| image = Suryakant Tripathi 1976 stamp of India.jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| alt = Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'(Hindi - सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी 'निराला')<br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = Nirala<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1896|2|21}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Midnapore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|10|15|1896|2|21}}<br />
| death_place = [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{flatlist|<br />
* Writer<br />
* poet<br />
* essayist<br />
* novelist<br />
}}<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = [[Chhayavaad]]<br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = Saroj Smriti, Raam Ki Shaktipuja<br />
| spouse = Manohara Devi<br />
| partner = <br />
| children = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = <br />
| portaldisp = o0<br />
}}'''Suryakant Tripathi''' "'''Nirala'''" (21 February 1896 &ndash; 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer who wrote in [[Hindi]]. He also drew many sketches.<br />
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== Biography == <br />
His family had roots in [[Unnao]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="unnao">[http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm Famous Personalities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084339/http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm |date=16 October 2013 }} [[Unnao district]] Official website.</ref> He participated in literary circles such as the [[Kavi sammelan|Kavi Sammelan]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Though a student of [[Bengali language|Bengali]], Nirala took a keen interest in [[Sanskrit]] from the very beginning.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}}<br />
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Nirala's life, barring short periods, was one long sequence of misfortunes and tragedies. His father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant and was a tyrannical person. His mother died when he was very young. Nirala was educated in the Bengali medium at [[Mahishadal]], Purba Medinipur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahishadalRajCollege/Mahishadal_Raj_College.shtml |title = Mahishadal Raj College | publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 9 April 2019}}</ref> However, after passing the matriculation exam, he continued his education at home by reading Sanskrit and [[English literature]]. Subsequently, he shifted to [[Lucknow]] and thence to village Gadhakola of [[Unnao district]], to which his father originally belonged. Growing up, he gained inspiration from personalities like [[Ramakrishna Paramhansa]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], and [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<br />
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After his marriage at a young age, Nirala learned Hindi at the insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi. Soon, he started writing poems in Hindi, instead of Bengali. After a bad childhood, Nirala had a few good years with his wife. But this phase was short-lived as his wife died when he was 20, and later his daughter (who was a widow) also expired. Nirala lost half of his family, including his wife and daughter, in [[1918 flu pandemic in India|1918 Spanish flu influenza outbreak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-literature-has-helped-us-make-sense-of-pandemics/articleshow/74841225.cms|title=How literature has helped us make sense of pandemics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/references-to-death-and-disease-in-hindi-literature-6357805/|title=References to death and disease in Hindi literature|date=12 April 2020}}</ref> He also went through financial troubles during this time. During that phase, he worked for many publishers, worked as a proof-reader and also edited publications including ''[[Matvala]]''<ref>Ruth Vanita, "The New Homophobia: Ugra's ''Chocolate''", in ''Same-Sex Love in India: Readings in Indian Literature'', ed. by Ruth Vanita, Saleem Kidwai (New York: Palgrave, 2000), pp. 246-52 (p. 246).</ref> and ''Samanvaya''.<br />
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Most of his life was somewhat in the [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] tradition. He wrote strongly against social injustice and exploitation in society. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance did not come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and derision. All this may have played a role in making him a victim of [[schizophrenia]] in his later life and he was admitted to [[Central Institute of Psychiatry]], Ranchi.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-39967752 निराला, नज़रुल, मजाज़ भी रहे हैं रांची पागलखाने में – BBC News हिंदी]. Bbc.com. Retrieved on 13 December 2018.</ref> (Incidentally Bengali poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] (who was later declared national poet of Bangladesh) had also been admitted to the same institute for schizophrenia).<br />
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Nirala died in [[Allahabad]] on 15 October 1961. The world of Hindi literature is remarkable for ideological and aesthetic divisions.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} But today, the same reviled Nirala is one of the very few people in Hindi literature who are admired and respected by almost all, across all divisions.<br />
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== Work ==<br />
Many of Nirala's poems have been translated by the late scholar, [[David Rubin (author)|David Rubin]], which are available in the collections, ''A Season on the Earth: Selected Poems of Nirala'' (Columbia University Press, 1977), ''The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets'' (Oxford University Press, 1993), and ''Of Love and War: A Chayavad Anthology'' (Oxford University Press, 2005). ''Nirala : Aatmhanta Astha'' was a critical analysis of his works written by [[Doodhnath Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nirala : Aatmhanta Astha|url=https://www.rajkamalprakashan.com/lok/literary-criticism/nirala-aatmhanta-astha|publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]]|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref><br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
Today, a park, ''Nirala Uddyan'', an auditorium, ''Nirala Prekshagrah'', and a degree college, ''Mahapran Nirala Degree College'', in the [[Unnao district|Unnao District]] are named after him.<ref name="unnao" /> His life-size bust has been installed at the main market square of [[Daraganj]], Allahabad, a place where he lived for most of his life. His family still lives in Daraganj, Allahabad. The road on which his modest house was situated is now named "Nirala Marg".<br />
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=== In popular culture ===<br />
The [[Films Division of India]] produced a [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] on his life, titled ''Suryakant Tripathi Nirala'', directed by Rajiv Kumar it covers his works and achievements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SURYAKANT TRIPATHI NIRALA {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/suryakant-tripathi-nirala|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref><br />
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== Reception ==<br />
Eugenia Vanina notes ‘Mahārāj Śivājī kā patr Mirzā Rājā Jai Siṅgh ke nām’ to endear its audience into Hindu Nationalism.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vanina|first=Eugenia|date=2020-09-14|title='Blackened face': Emotional Community and the Hindu Nationalist Interpretation of History|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ehcs/4/1/article-p66_6.xml|journal=Emotions: History, Culture, Society|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=66–90|doi=10.1163/2208522X-02010078|issn=2206-7485}}</ref><br />
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== Works ==<br />
===Poetry===<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
* ''Ram Ki Shakti Puja'' (''राम की शक्ति पूजा'')<br />
* ''Dhwani'' (''ध्वनि'')<br />
* ''Apara'' (''अपरा'')<br />
* ''Saroj Smriti'' (''सरोज स्मृति'')<br />
* ''Parimal'' (''परिमल'')<br />
* ''Priyatam'' (''प्रियतम'')<br />
* ''Anaamika'' (''अनामिका'', 1938)<br />
* ''Geetika'' (''गीतिका'') <br />
* ''Kukurmutta'' (''कुकुरमुत्ता'', 1941)<br />
* ''Adima'' (''अणिमा'')<br />
* ''Bela'' (''बेला'')<br />
* ''Naye Patte'' (''नये पत्ते'')<br />
* ''Archana'' (''अर्चना'')<br />
* ''Geet Gunj'' (''गीतगुंज'')<br />
* ''Aradhana'' (''आराधना'')<br />
* ''Tulsidas'' (''तुलसीदास'', 1938)<br />
* ''Janmabhumi'' (''जन्मभूमि'')<br />
* ''Jago Phir Ek Bar'' (''जागो फिर एक बार'')<br />
* ''Bhikshuk'' (''भिक्षुक'')<br />
* ''Todti Patthar'' (''तोड़ती पत्थर'')<br />
<br />
===Novels===<br />
* ''Apsara'' (''अप्सरा'')<br />
* ''Alka'' (''अलका'')<br />
* ''Prabhavati'' (''प्रभावती'')<br />
* ''Nirupama'' (''निरुपमा'')<br />
* ''Chameli'' (''चमेली'')<br />
* ''Choti ki Pakad'' (''चोटी की पकड़'')<br />
* ''Indulekha'' (''इन्दुलेखा'')<br />
* ''Kale Karname'' (''काले कारनामे'')<br />
<br />
===Collections of stories===<br />
* ''Chhaturi Chamar'' (''चतुरी चमार'')<br />
* ''Sukul ki Biwi'' (''सुकुल की बीवी'', 1941)<br />
* ''Sakhi'' (''साखी'')<br />
* ''Lily'' (''लिली'')<br />
* ''Devi'' (''देवी'')<br />
<br />
===Essay-collections===<br />
* ''Prabandha-Parichaya'' (''प्रबंध परिचय'')<br />
* ''Bangbhasha ka Uchcharan'' (''बंगभाषा का उच्चारण'')<br />
* ''Ravindra-Kavita-Kannan'' (''रवीन्द्र-कविता-कानन'')<br />
* ''Prabandh-Padya'' (''प्रबंध पद्य'')<br />
* ''Prabandh-Pratima'' (''प्रबंध प्रतिमा'')<br />
* ''Chabuk'' (''चाबुक'')<br />
* ''Chayan'' (''चयन'')<br />
* ''Sangraha'' (''संग्रह'')<br />
<br />
===Prose===<br />
* ''Kullibhat'' (''कुल्लीभाट'')<br />
* ''Billesur Bakriha'' (''बिल्लेसुर बकरिहा'')<br />
<br />
===Translations===<br />
<br />
* ''[[Anand Math]]'' (''आनन्दमठ'')<br />
* ''Vish-Vriksh'' (''विष वृक्ष'')<br />
* ''Krishnakant ka Vil'' (''कृष्णकांत का विल'')<br />
* ''Kapal Kundala'' (''कपाल कुण्डला'')<br />
* ''Durgesh Nandini'' (''दुर्गेश नन्दिनी'')<br />
* ''Raj Singh'' (''राज सिंह'')<br />
* ''Raj Rani'' (''राज रानी'')<br />
* ''Devi Chaudharani'' (''देवी चौधरानी'')<br />
* ''Yuglanguliya'' (''युगलांगुलीय'')<br />
* ''Chandrasekhar'' (''चन्द्रशेखर'')<br />
* ''Rajni'' (''रजनी'')<br />
* ''Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit'' (''श्री रामकृष्ण वचनामृत'')<br />
* ''Bharat mein Vivekanand'' (''भारत में विवेकानंद'')<br />
* ''Rajyog'' (''राजयोग'')<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%80_%22%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%22 Nirala at Kavita Kosh] – A large collection of Hindi Poetry<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirala, Suryakant Tripathi}}<br />
[[Category:1896 births]]<br />
[[Category:1961 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]<br />
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]<br />
[[Category:People from Unnao]]<br />
[[Category:People from Allahabad]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Allahabad]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]</div>2409:4063:2091:72D1:0:0:52B:B8A0