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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Sanskrit-language writer on astronomy}}<br />
'''Suryadeva''' (1191 – at least 1248 CE) was a [[Sanskrit]]-language writer on [[astrology and astronomy]] (''[[jyotisha]]'')) from the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] kingdom of southern India. He wrote commentaries on several notable works including the ''[[Aryabhatiya]]'' and the ''[[Laghumānasa|Laghu-manasa]]''.<br />
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== Biography ==<br />
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Suryadeva was a [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] of the Nidhruva ''[[gotra]]'', associated with the ''[[Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra|Bodhayana Sutra]]'', claiming descent ([[pravaras]]) from the sages [[Kashyapa]], [[Avatsara]], and Naidhruva.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}} His works use different suffixes for his name, including Sūri, Yajvā, Yajvān, Somasut, and Dīkṣita.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii, xxv}} Sūri refers to his scholarship; the other suffixes suggest that he had performed the [[Somayajna|Soma-yajna]] ritual sacrifice.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}}<br />
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According to his commentary on ''Laghumanasa'', Suryadeva was born in 1191 CE (Monday, 3rd day of the dark half of the [[Magha (month)|Magha]] month of the [[Shaka era|Shaka year]] 1113). He lived in the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] kingdom, and resided in a town that different manuscripts variously call Gangapuram, Gangapuri, and Shri-ranga-gangapuri; this town can be identified as [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]].{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxviii}}<br />
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Suryadeva does not name his parents, but suggests that he was a student or a protégé of his maternal uncle – also named Suryadeva.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}}<br />
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Suryadeva appears to have read a large number of previous works, as he refers to earlier scholars such as Lagadhacharya, [[Vrddha Garga]], Parashara, Aryabhata I, Haradatta (Haridatta), Latadeva, [[Varahamihira]], Bhaskara I (whom he calls "Bhaskaracharya"), Brahmagupta, Lalla, Prthusvamin (Prthudaka Svami), Prashastidhara (Whom he calls "Prasastadhara"), [[Bhattotpala]], and Shripati.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}} Besides the works of these authors, Suryadeva also cites and quotes various Vedic, religious, and philosophical works.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=26}} Later writer Yallaya (c. 1480), in his commentary on the ''Surya Siddhanta'', praises Suryadeva as an "all-knowing astronomer".{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}<br />
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In his commentary on the ''Laghumanasa'', he states the planetary positions for a particular day in 1248 CE (Shaka year 1170), which suggests that he wrote the commentary at the age of 57, in 1248.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xl}}<br />
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== Works ==<br />
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Suryadeva wrote at least five commentaries, in the following order:{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxviii}}<br />
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* An exposition of on Govinda-svami's ''bhashya'' on [[Bhāskara I|Bhaskara]]'s ''Maha-bhaskariya'' (629 CE)<br />
* Commentary on Aryabhata's ''[[Aryabhatiya]]''<br />
** This commentary is known by various titles including ''Aryabhata-prakasha'', ''Bhata-prakasha'', ''Prakasha'', ''Aryabhata-prakashika'', ''Bhata-prakashika'', and ''Prakashika''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii}}<br />
** Yallaya added further notes to this text, and [[Parameshvara Nambudiri|Parameshvara]] (c. 1431) used it as a source for writing a new commentary on ''Aryabhatiya''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii-xxxviii}}<br />
* Commentary on Varahamihira's ''Maha-yatra''.<br />
* Commentary on Manjula's ''[[Laghumānasa|Laghu-manasa]]'' (1248 CE{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xl}})<br />
** This commentary is known by the names ''Manasa-vyakhyana'' and ''Manasa-vyakhya-vasana''{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}<br />
** It includes an introduction to Hindu astronomy, an explanation of Manjula's text, and the rationale of the various rules{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}<br />
* Commentary on Shripati's ''Jataka-paddhati''<br />
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In his commentary on the ''Laghumanasa'', Suryadeva quotes from his own work ''Asmadīya-grantha''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=26}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== Bibliography ==<br />
{{ref begin}}<br />
* {{cite book |editor=K.S. Shukla |editor2=K.V. Sarma |editor2-link=K. V. Sarma |title=Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa with the commentary of Sūryadeva Yajvan |volume=3 |year=1976 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPMSAQAAMAAJ |oclc=214225031 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |author=K.S. Shukla |title=Supplement: A critical study of the Laghumānasa of Mañjula |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |volume=25 |issue=1–4 |year=1990 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmu4AAAAIAAJ |oclc=24307203 }}<br />
{{ref end}}<br />
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[[Category:12th-century Indian astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century Indian astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chola people]]<br />
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]</div>Rakshasingh12