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	Surul is a village adjacent to [[Visva-Bharati University]], founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. A major part of this central university, with the whole of its [[Sriniketan]] campus, stands within Surul Mouja.		Surul is a village adjacent to [[Visva-Bharati University]], founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. A major part of this central university, with the whole of its [[Sriniketan]] campus, stands within Surul Mouja.

	Surul consists of a large population of [[Bagdi (caste)\|Bagdis]], [[Bauris]], [[Haris (caste)\|Haris]] and [[Doms]], as well as weavers. The Sarkar's who were [[Zamindar]]s of this [[Birbhum]] District brought in [[Brahmin]]s and other upper castes. The Sarkar family at Surul had contributed a vital role towards socio-economic development of the overall area and also towards establishment of Visva-Bharati, an Institution of National Importance.<ref name=Ghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 304-308, Prakash Bhaban</ref>		Surul consists of a large population of [[Bagdi (caste)\|Bagdis]], [[Bauris]], [[Haris (caste)\|Haris]] and [[Doms]], as well as weavers. The Sarkar's of [[Surul Raj]],<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Congress \|first=Indian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgZDAAAAYAAJ&q=surul+raj \|title=Proceedings \|date=1993 \|publisher=Indian History Congress \|language=en}}</ref> who were [[Zamindar]]s of this [[Birbhum]] District brought in [[Brahmin]]s and other upper castes. The Sarkar family at Surul had contributed a vital role towards socio-economic development of the overall area and also towards establishment of Visva-Bharati, an Institution of National Importance.<ref name=Ghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 304-308, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

	During British rule in India, this Surul used to be a very significant area, being the strategic centre of business/commerce/trade and was also the site of a commercial residency under John Cheap. After [[East India Company]] gave up its mercantile dealings in 1835, the residency was allowed to fall into decay.<ref name= omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Birbhum'', Bengal District Gazetteers, p. 145, first published 1910, 1996 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>		During British rule in India, this Surul used to be a very significant area, being the strategic centre of business/commerce/trade and was also the site of a commercial residency under John Cheap. After [[East India Company]] gave up its mercantile dealings in 1835, the residency was allowed to fall into decay.<ref name= omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Birbhum'', Bengal District Gazetteers, p. 145, first published 1910, 1996 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>
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	[[Durga Puja]], [[Dharmathakur\|Dharmaraj Puja]], [[Kali Puja]] of Surul Sarkarbari still carries the tradition of the soil. The colossal buildings are still attracting visitors around the world and presently became favorite destination for film shootings.		[[Durga Puja]], [[Dharmathakur\|Dharmaraj Puja]], [[Kali Puja]] of Surul Sarkarbari still carries the tradition of the soil. The colossal buildings are still attracting visitors around the world and presently became favorite destination for film shootings.

			==See also==
			*[[Surul Raj]]

	==References==		==References==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Surul
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline = Surul terracotta2.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Terracotta decoration in a Surul temple
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.6702900|N|87.6569520|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.142
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12,160
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| website = {{URL|birbhum.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Surul''' is a [[census town]] in [[Bolpur Sriniketan (community development block)|Bolpur Sriniketan]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Surul is a village adjacent to [[Visva-Bharati University]], founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. A major part of this central university, with the whole of its [[Sriniketan]] campus, stands within Surul Mouja.

Surul consists of a large population of [[Bagdi (caste)|Bagdis]], [[Bauris]], [[Haris (caste)|Haris]] and [[Doms]], as well as weavers. The Sarkar's who were [[Zamindar]]s of this [[Birbhum]] District brought in [[Brahmin]]s and other upper castes. The Sarkar family at Surul had contributed a vital role towards socio-economic development of the overall area and also towards establishment of Visva-Bharati, an Institution of National Importance.<ref name=Ghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 304-308, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

During British rule in India, this Surul used to be a very significant area, being the strategic centre of business/commerce/trade and was also the site of a commercial residency under John Cheap. After [[East India Company]] gave up its mercantile dealings in 1835, the residency was allowed to fall into decay.<ref name= omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Birbhum'', Bengal District Gazetteers, p. 145, first published 1910, 1996 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|44|0|N|87|40|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, U: University. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|32|30|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Ilambazar | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ilambazar]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|13|N|87|39|5|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Surul | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Surul (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|46|44|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Parota | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Parota, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|49|47|N|87|47|49|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Labhpur | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Labhpur]] (CT)|
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|16|N|87|41|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bolpur |label-size5=14 | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Bolpur]] (M)|label-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Shantiniketan| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Shantiniketan]] (R)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|0|N|87|51|36|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Nanoor| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nanoor]] (R)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|30|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sriniketan| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sriniketan]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|47|N|87|52|40|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Kirnahar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kirnahar]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|12|N|87|38|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Raipur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Raipur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|36|39|N|87|53|49|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Khujutipara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Khujutipara]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|38|N|87|32|11|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khustigiri| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Khustigiri]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|38|40|N|87|25|48|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Jaydev Kenduli| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Jaydev Kenduli]] (R)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|53|N|87|43|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Kankalitala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kankalitala]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|40|25|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Visva-Bharati University| numbered15=U| mark-title15= [[Visva-Bharati University]] (U) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.8882|87.7549}}| label16=Mayurakshi River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= 16| label-pos16=right| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.7998|87.7254}}| label17=Bakreshwar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=7| label-pos17=top| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.7546|87.7528}}| label18=Kopai River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=-45| label-pos18=top| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23.5809|87.7668}}| label19=Ajay River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=20| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
[[Sriniketan]] now adjoins a part of Surul. It is {{convert|3|km}} from [[Santiniketan]].<ref>{{cite web | url =http://birbhum.gov.in/birtour4.htm
| title = Santiniketan-Bolpur | access-date = 2009-03-05 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Physical features===
Surul is located in the south-eastern part of the district which is an alluvial plain between [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and [[Mayurakshi River]]s. It has hot and dry summers, spread over March – May, followed by the monsoon from June to September. 78 per cent of the rainfall occurs during this period.<ref>Choudhuri, Tapan, ''Unnayaner Alokey Birbhum'', ''Paschim Banga '', Birbhum Special Issue, February 2006, {{in lang|bn}}, pp. 60-61, Information & Cultural Department, Government of West Bengal.</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Surul had a total population of 12,160 of which 5,999 (49%) were males and 6,161 (51%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,166. The total number of literates in Surul was 8,735 (79.45% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 1 February 2018 }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Surul covered an area of 8.1424 km2. There is a railway station at [[Bolpur]] 5 km away. Buses are available in the town. It has 11 km roads and open drains. The major source of protected water supply is from service reservoir and bore well pumping. There are 1,185 domestic electric connections. Amongst the medical facilities it has 1 hospital with 30 beds, 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 nursing home and 25 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it has are 4 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school and 1 senior secondary school. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities there is a working women's hostel. It has the branches of 2 nationalised banks, 1 private commercial bank and 1 cooperative bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1025- 1033 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 16 July 2019}}</ref>

==Education==
Surul Junior High School is a Bengali-medium institution established in 2009. It has arrangements for teaching from Class V to VIII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/surul-jr-high-school-0rve88| title = Surul Jr. High School | publisher = ICBSE |access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Surul terracotta1.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Terracotta decoration in Surul temple]]

==Culture==
As a result of the affluence and influence of Surul Rajbari, Sarkarbari, the overall area was rich in culture apart from being economically sound. The temples at Surul are well-protected and [[terracotta]] carvings thereon are distinct. A few of the temples were built in 1830, within a few years of John Cheap's death. Most of the temples are much older, dedicated to [[Shiva]], one to [[Manasa]] and one ''[[Pancharatna (architecture)|pancharatna]]'' (five-towered) temple to Lakshmi-Janardan. Most of the carvings are traditional depictions such as the [[Ramayana]] war but the depictions of Europeans need special mention.<ref name=Ghosh/>(See the picture alongside).

During the late 1940s Indian artist [[Mukul Dey]] extensively photo-documented the terracotta temples of Surul, which were subsequently published in an album titled '''Birbhum Terracottas''', [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], New Delhi, 1959.

[[Durga Puja]], [[Dharmathakur|Dharmaraj Puja]], [[Kali Puja]] of Surul Sarkarbari still carries the tradition of the soil. The colossal buildings are still attracting visitors around the world and presently became favorite destination for film shootings.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://surul-foundation.in/ Little help matters. Intention counts. Attitude counts.]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[http://www.chitralekha.org/terracottas.htm Mukul Dey's Terracotta Documentation: A Short Note by Satyasri Ukil]

{{Birbhum District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]]

Surul - Revision history

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