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{{Short description|Valley in Ladakh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Suru Valley.jpg|thumbnail|Suru Valley]]
[[File:Rangdum.jpg|thumb|The upper '''Suru Valley''' near Rangdum.]]
[[File:Lower Suru Valley landscape near Purtikchay between Sanku and Panikhar.JPG|thumb|The landscape of the lower Suru Valley, looking south towards [[Nun Kun]]. As viewed from between [[Sanku]] and [[Panikhar]] .]]

The '''Suru Valley''' is a valley in Kargil District in the [[Union Territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in India. It is drained by the [[Suru River (Indus)|Suru River]], a powerful tributary of the [[Indus River]]. The valley's most significant town is [[Sankoo]]. Suru Valley is famous for its natural environment.{{fact|date=December 2021}} There are many picnic spots in Suru Valley such as [[Damsna]], [[Parkachik]], [[Sangra]], [[Taisuru]], [[Karpokhar]], [[Khous]], [[Thulus]], [[Stakpa]], [[Umba, Ladakh|Umba]] Namsuru etc.
[[Karpokhar]] Holy Shrine (Syed Mir Hashim), [[Khous]] Holy Shrine & [[Sanku]] Holy Shrine ([[Syed Haider]]) are famous for prayer in Suru Valley.
Horses, [[Yaks]] and other variety of animals can be found living in the valley. In winter Suru Valley experiences heavy snowfall and avalanches. The literacy rate of Suru Valley is very low as compared to other parts of [[Ladakh]].

== History ==
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the region was composed of small chiefdoms. The most powerful being the Kartse. In the early 18th century, the area became part of the [[Purig]] kingdom.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Beek|first1=Martijn van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO95DwAAQBAJ&q=purig+times&pg=PA80|title=Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change|last2=Pirie|first2=Fernanda|publisher=BRILL|year=2008|isbn=978-90-474-4334-6|pages=79–81}}</ref> Islam was introduced into the area from the 16th century onward from preachers traveling via [[Baltistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gellner|first=David N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5raAgAAQBAJ&q=purigpa&pg=PA49|title=Borderland Lives in Northern South Asia|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8223-7730-6|pages=50}}</ref> Purig itself was absorbed by the [[Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh|Namgyal dynasty]] of Ladakh by the mid-eighteenth century. The [[Dogra dynasty|Dogras]] conquered the entire area by 1847 and it proved to be disastrous for the natives. The Dogras were especially harsh to the Muslims (including the nobles) of the area and they attempted to rebel against the Dogras. The current [[Line of Control|line of control]] runs near modern Kargil.<ref name=":0" />

==People==
The Suru valley is inhabited by 25,000 by people of [[Dard people|Dard]] and [[Tibetan people|Tibetan descent]]. In Kargil, the lower Suru Valley (i.e. Sanku, TSG) and the upper Suru Valley (Suru or Panikhar),<ref>Nicola Grist (1998) p. 19.</ref> the majority of the population are followers of [[Shi'a Islam]],<ref>Rizvi (1996), p. 210.</ref> having converted from Tibetan Buddhism in the 16th century under the direction of Thi-Namgyal.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}
Beyond Parkachik, the valley is practically uninhabited other than a couple of tiny settlements (Yuldo and Julidok) that consist [[Rangdum]]. People here are socially and culturally part of neighbouring Buddhist Zanskar and support the 18th century [[Rangdum Monastery]] belonging to the [[Gelugpa]] sect of Tibetan Buddhism.<ref>Rizvi (1996), pp. 29, 253.</ref><ref name="Schettler, Margaret 1981 p. 150"/> About 25 km south of [[Rangdum Monastery]], the 4,400 m (14,436 ft) [[Pensi La]] (pass) leads into [[Zanskar]]<ref name="Schettler, Margaret 1981 p. 150">Schettler, Margaret & Rolf (1981), p. 150.</ref>

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Sanku tehsil (2011)<ref name="Sanku Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/kargil/sanku-population.html|title=Sanku Population|work=Census India|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 95.93
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 2.86
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 0.95
|color3 = Gold
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.14
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Sikhism]]
|value5 = 0.03
|color5 = Yellow
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Grey
|label7 = Not Stated
|value7 = 0.08
|color7 = Black
}}
===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Sanku tehsil (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Purgi language|Purgi]] |value1 = 95.45 |color1 = teal
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 2.00 |color2 = orange
|label3 = Others |value3 =2.55 |color3 = grey
}}

==Landscape and agriculture==
The lower part of the valley, at altitudes below 3,000 metres (9,843 ft), is one of the most agriculturally productive parts of Ladakh with two crops a year being harvested, watered by the run-off from the very heavy winter snowfalls,<ref>Rizvi (1996), pp. 38, 118-119.</ref> and even plantations of willow and poplar trees making it a relatively lush and very attractive area, but around Rangdum the landscapes are stark, flat moorlands ringed by arid crags.<ref>Rizvi (1996), p. 29.</ref> The spikey white topped mountain peaks of the [[Nun Kun|Nun-Kun massif]], topping 7000 m, are visible from several places in the valley.

==Tourism==
Despite considerable potential, tourism activity is very limited in the valley with most visitors rushing through to [[Padum]] and Zanskar.<ref>Lonely Planet ''India'', 13th edition, page 296</ref> There are few facilities for visitors but Jammu & Kashmir Tourism does have basic tourist bungalows in several of the villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jktourism.org|title=Jammu & Kashmir Tourism - J&K Tourism}}</ref> and there's a summer tent-camp in [[Rangdum]]. Tangole village is a possible starting point for mountaineering expeditions up [[Nun Kun]].

==References==

* Janet Rizvi. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
* Schettler, Margaret & Rolf (1981). ''Kashmir, Ladakh & Zanskar.'' Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. {{ISBN|0-908086-21-0}}.
* Nicola Grist (1998), Local Politics In Suru Valley of Northern India (PhD Thesis)
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}

{{Ladakh}}

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[[Category:Geography of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Valleys of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Ladakh]]

Suru Valley - Revision history

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