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[[File:Bangladesh LOC 1996 map.jpg|right|thumb|A map showing major rivers in Bangladesh including Meghna]]

The '''Surma-Meghna River System''' is a river complex in the [[Indian Subcontinent]], one of the three that form the [[Ganges Delta]], the largest on earth.{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}} It rises in the [[Manipur]] Hills of northeast [[India]] as the [[Barak River]] and flows west becoming the [[Surma River]] and then flows south as the [[Meghna River]], a total of {{convert|946|km|mi}} of which {{convert|669|km|mi}} are within [[Bangladesh]], to the [[Bay of Bengal]].

==Course==
===Barak===
[[File:Meghna basin.jpg|thumb|Meghna River Basin]]
{{main|Barak River}}
From its source in the Manipur Hills of India, Liyai Village of [[Poumai]] tribe, the river is known as the Barak River (locally known as Avoure). Near its source, the river receives a number of tributaries, including the Irang, Makru, Tuivai, Jiri, Gumti, Howrah, Kagni, Senai Buri, Hari Mangal, Kakrai, Kurulia, Balujhuri, Shonaichhari and Durduria. It flows south through [[Manipur|Manipur State]], then southwest leaving Manipur and entering [[Assam State]] at Tipaimukh or Ruonglevaisuo after abruptly veering north a it's confluence with the Tuivai.

In Assam State the Barak flows northward then west receiving many small tributaries in the Cachar Valley [[Assam|Assam State]]. It continues to flow west past the [[Silchar|town of Silchar]] where it is joined by the Madhura River. After Silchar, it flows for about {{convert|30|km|mi}}, and near Badarpur it divides into the [[Surma River]] and the [[Kushiyara River]] and enters Bangladesh. The principal tributaries of the Barak in India are the Irang, Makru, Tuivai, Jiri, the Dhaleshwari (Tlawng), the Singla, the Longai, the Madhura, the Sonai (Tuirial), the Rukni and the Katakhal.

===Surma===
{{main|Surma River}}
After entering into modern Karimganj District in south Assam, Barak divides in two, with the northern branch being called the [[Surma River]] and the southern branch the [[Kushiyara River]]. At this point the river enters the Sylhet Depression (or trough) which forms the [[Surma Basin]].<ref>[http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267117 Mannan, Abdul (2002) "Stratigraphic evolution and geochemistry of the Neogene Surma Group, Surma Basin, Sylhet, Bangladesh" University of Oulu, Oulu, Bangladesh], {{ISBN|951-42-6710-9}}</ref>

The Surma is fed by tributaries from the Meghalaya Hills to the north, and is also known as the Baulai River after it is joined by the south-flowing Someswari River.

The Kushiyara receives tributaries from the Sylhet Hills and Tripura Hills to the south, the principal one from the Tripura Hills being the Manu. The Kushiyara is also known as the Kai River after it is joined by a major offshoot (distributary) from the Surma. When the Surma and the Kushiyara finally rejoin in [[Kishoreganj District]] above Bhairab Bazar, the river is known as the Meghna River.

===Meghna===
{{main|Meghna River}}
The Meghna is formed inside Bangladesh above [[Bhairab Bazar]] by the combination of the [[Surma River|Surma]] and [[Kushiyara River|Kushiyara]] rivers. Down to [[Chandpur kahani District|Chandupura]], Meghna is hydrographically referred to as the Upper Meghna. After the [[Padma]] joins, it is referred to as the Lower Meghna.

[[File:MeghnaRiver.jpg|left|thumb|River Meghna from the bridge over the river]]

In Daudkandi, [[Comilla District|Comilla]], Meghna is joined by the great river [[Gumti River, Tripura|Gumti]], created by the combination of many streams. This river reinforces Meghna a lot and increases the waterflow considerably. The pair of bridges over Meghna and Gop are two of the country's longest bridges.

The name for the largest distributary of the [[Ganges]] in Bangladesh is the [[Padma River]]. When the Padma joins with the [[Jamuna River]], the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra, and they join with the Meghna in [[Chandpur District]], the result is the Lower Meghna.

After Chandpur, with the combined flow of the Padma and Jamuna, it moves down to the Bay of Bengal in an almost straight line. In the course from Chandpur to the Bay of Bengal, the Meghna splits into a number of little rivers, but the main flow is through the Meghna Estuary.

Near [[Bhola District|Bhola]], just before flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river divides into two main streams in the Ganges delta and separates an island from both sides of the mainland. The western stream is called ''Ilsha'' and the eastern one is called ''Bamni''.

==See also==
* [[List of rivers in Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Hydrography of North-east India}}
{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{coord|24.4414|N|91.0731|E|region:BD_type:river|display=title}}

[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of India| ]]
[[Category:Bay of Bengal]]
[[Category:Rivers of Assam]]
[[Category:Rivers of Manipur]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Distributaries of the Ganges]]

Surma-Meghna River System - Revision history

imported>Worldbruce: /* References */clean up