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{{for|the India field hockey player|Surinder Kaur (field hockey)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Surinder Kaur
| image = Surinder Kaur.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Surinder Kaur
| alias = Nightingale of Punjab
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|11|25}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|06|14|1929|11|25}}
| death_place = [[New Jersey]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| instrument =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Folk music of Punjab|Folk]]|[[filmi]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|[[Playback singing|playback artist]]}}
| years_active = 1943–2006
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Parkash Kaur]] (sister), [[Dolly Guleria]] (daughter) Sunaini Sharma ( granddaughter) Rhea (great- granddaughter)
| website =
}}

'''Surinder Kaur''' (25 November 1929 – 14 June 2006) was an Indian singer and songwriter. While she mainly sang [[Folk music of Punjab|Punjabi folk songs]], where she is credited for pioneering and popularising the genre, Kaur also recorded songs as a playback singer for [[Hindi films]] between 1948 and 1952. For her contributions to Punjabi music, she earned the sobriquet '''Nightingale of Punjab''', the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1984, and the [[Padma Shri]] in 2006.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.india Surinder Kaur]</ref><ref name=to/><ref name=la>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur's profile|url= http://www.last.fm/music/Surinder+Kaur|publisher= [[LastFM]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tributes paid to melody queen |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060626/cth1.htm#2 |date=26 June 2006|publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref>

In a career spanning nearly six decades, her repertoire included Punjabi [[Sufi]] [[Kafi]]s of [[Bulleh Shah]] and verses by contemporary poets like [[Nand Lal Noorpuri]], [[Amrita Pritam]], Mohan Singh and [[Shiv Kumar Batalvi]] giving memorable songs like, "Maavan 'te dheean", "Jutti kasuri", "Madhaniyan", "Ehna akhiyan 'ch pavan kiven kajra', 'Ghaman di raat' and "bajre da sitta". In time her wedding songs, most notably "Lathe di chadar", "Suhe ve cheere waleya" and "Kaala doria", have become an indelible part of the [[Punjabi culture]].<ref name=pu>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur leaves Delhi to settle in Punjab |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040424/edit.htm#7 |date= 24 April 2004|publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref>

== Early life ==
Surinder Kaur was born to a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Sikh]] family in [[Lahore]], the capital of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] in [[British India]]. She was the sister of [[Parkash Kaur]] and Narinder Kaur and the mother of [[Dolly Guleria]], both noted Punjabi singers. She had three daughters, of which Dolly is the eldest.<ref name=Spectrum>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110612/spectrum/book5.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune– Books |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper |date=12 June 2011|access-date=18 Aug 2016}}</ref> She was influenced by Renu Rajan, a prominent figure in Punjabi folk music.

== Career ==
Surinder Kaur made her professional debut with a live performance on Lahore Radio in August 1943, and the following year on 31 August 1943, she and her elder sister, [[Parkash Kaur]] cut their first duet, "''maavan 'te dheean ral baithian''", for the [[HMV]] label, emerging as superstars across the Indian subcontinent.<ref name=to/><ref name=pu/>

Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Kaur and her parents relocated to [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]], [[Delhi]]. In 1948, she married Professor Joginder Singh Sodhi, a lecturer in Punjabi literature at Delhi University.<ref name=Spectrum/> Recognising her talent, Kaur's husband became her support system, and soon she started a career as a playback singer in [[Hindi film industry]] in [[Bombay]], introduced by music director, [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]. Under him, she sang three songs in the 1948 film ''[[Shaheed (1948 film)|Shaheed]]'', Shagan (1951) ,[[Singaar]], including ''Badnam Na Ho Jaye Mohabbat Ka Fasaana'', ''Aanaa Hai To Aajao'' and ''Taqdeer ki aandhi...hum kahaan aur thum kahaan''. However, her interest was in stage performances and reviving Punjabi folk songs, and she eventually moved back to Delhi in 1952.<ref name=pu/>

In the decades to follow, she got married, after the 1947 partition of old British Punjab, in 1948.<ref name=Spectrum/> Her husband continued to guide her singing career. "He was the one who made me a star," she later recalled. "He chose all the lyrics I sang and we both collaborated on compositions." Together Kaur and Sodhi arranged for her to sing such Punjabi folk classics as ''Chan Kithe Guzari Aai Raat'', ''Lathe Di Chadar'', ''Shonkan Mele Di'', and ''Gori Diyan Jhanjran'' and ''Sarke-Sarke Jandiye Mutiare''. These songs were written by various well-known Punjabi poets but were made popular by the singer Surinder Kaur. The couple also served as the public face of the [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] ([[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]]), an arm of the Indian Communist party in Punjab, spreading messages of peace and love to the most remote villages of East Punjab. She also travelled to many parts of the world performing Punjabi folk songs, gaining rapid popularity.

In all, Kaur recorded more than 2000 songs, including duets with [[Asa Singh Mastana]], [[Karnail Gill]], [[Harcharan Grewal]], [[Rangila Jatt]], and [[Didar Sandhu]].
Although her life and collaboration with Sodhi was cut short upon the educator's death in 1976, she continued the family's creative tradition via duets with their daughter and other disciples. Her daughter, Rupinder Kaur Guleria, better known as [[Dolly Guleria]] and granddaughter Sunaini Sharma, culminating in the 1995 LP, 'Surinder Kaur – The Three Generations'
list of some of her Punjabi and hindi movies songs she sang
* [[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]] (2008)
* Chungking Express (1994)
* [[Satluj De Kande]] (1964)
* ''[[Aandhiyan (1952 film)|Aandhiyan]]'' (1952)
* Buzdil (1951)
* Badi Bahu or Bari Bahoo (1951)
* Mutiyar (1951)
* Sabak (1950)
* Khamosh Sipahi (1950)
* Balo (1950)
* Madari (1950)
* ''[[Singaar]]'' (1949)
* ''[[Kaneez (1949 film)|Kaneez]]'' (1949)
* Dada (1949)
* Roop Lekha (1949)
* Sunehre Din (1949)
*[[Pyar Ki Jeet (1948 film)|Pyaar Ki Jeet]] (1948)
* Patjhad (1948)
* ''[[Lal Dupatta]]'' (1948)
* ''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1948 film)|Nadiya Ke Par]]'' (1948)
* ''[[Shaheed (1948 film)|Shaheed]]'' (1948)
* Mehandi (1947) song- ''woh dekho chaand aayi'' sang with Munawar Sultana
.<ref>{{cite web |title=Her mother's daughter |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98jul31/art-trib.htm#1 |date=31 July 1998 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
She was conferred the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Punjabi Folk Music in 1984, by the [[Sangeet Natak Academi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre,<ref>http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/SNA-Awards.php, Sangeet Natak Academy website, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> the ''Millennium Punjabi Singer award'',<ref name=tr>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur gets Padma Shri |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060128/cth1.htm|date=28 January 2006 |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> and [[Padma Shri]] award in 2006 for her contribution in Arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Shri Official listings |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=190 |publisher=[[Govt. of India]] Portal }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> The [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] conferred on her a doctorate degree in the year 2002.<ref name=pu/>

==Illness and death==
Towards the later part of her life, wanting to get close to her ''mitti'' (her soil), Surinder Kaur settled in [[Panchkula]] in 2004, with an aim to construct a house in [[Zirakpur]], near Chandigarh. Subsequently, on 22 December 2005, she suffered a heart attack and was admitted to General Hospital, Panchkula.<ref name=pu/> Later, however, she recovered and personally went to Delhi to receive the coveted [[Padma Shri]] Award in January 2006. It is another matter that she was painfully aware of the events that delayed the honour for so long, despite her unparalleled contribution to [[Punjabi music]]. But even when she received the award, she was regretful that the nomination for the same had come from [[Haryana]] and not [[Punjab, India]] for which she worked tirelessly for over five decades.<ref name=tr/>

In 2006, a prolonged illness prompted her to seek treatment in the United States. She died in a [[New Jersey]] hospital on 14 June 2006 at the age of 77. She was survived by three daughters, the eldest, singer [[Dolly Guleria]] who lives in [[Panchkula]], followed by Nandini Singh and Pramodini Jaggi, both settled in New Jersey.<ref name=to>{{cite web |title=Punjab's Nightingale is no more |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060616/main2.htm |date=16 June 2006 |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> Upon her death, the Prime minister of India, [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]] described her as "the nightingale of Punjab", and "a legend in Punjabi folk music and popular music and a trend-setter in Punjabi melody." and added, "I hope that her immortal voice will motivate other artists to practice the right Punjabi folk music tradition".

==Legacy==
A [[Doordarshan]] documentary titled, ''Punjab Di Koyal'' (Nightingale of Punjab), on the life and works of Surinder Kaur was released in 2006. It later won the Doordarshan National Award.<ref>{{cite web |title=DD's honourable men |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061122/jplus1.htm |date=22 November 2006 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref>

==See also==
*[[Asa Singh Mastana]]
*[[Kuldeep Manak]]
*[[Dolly Guleria]]
*[[List of Punjabi singers]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.last.fm/music/Surinder+Kaur Surinder Kaur Profile] at [[LastFM]], Retrieved 18 Aug 2016
* [https://archive.today/20130124043627/http://www.folkpunjab.com/surinder-kaur/ Download Songs @ FolkPunjab.com], Retrieved 18 Aug 2016

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Surinder}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Singers from Lahore]]
[[Category:Indian women folk singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Bollywood playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian People's Theatre Association people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Singers from Delhi]]

Surinder Kaur - Revision history

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