>Teknologi Exprt at 14:27, 10 January 2022

2022-01-10T14:27:08Z

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{{Short description|Missile type}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2007}}
{{Update|date=March 2017 | inaccurate=yes}}
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A '''surface-to-surface missile''' ('''SSM''') or '''ground-to-ground missile''' ('''GGM''')<ref name="urlThe worlds top air-to-surface missiles">{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/features/the-worlds-top-air-to-surface-missiles/ |title=The world's top air-to-surface missiles |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> is a [[missile]] designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea. They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations, or from a ship. They are often powered by a [[rocket engine]] or sometimes fired by an explosive charge, since the launching platform is typically stationary or moving slowly. They usually have fins and/or wings for [[lift (force)|lift]] and stability, although hyper-velocity or short-ranged missiles may use body lift or fly a ballistic trajectory. The [[V-1 flying bomb]] was the first operational surface-to-surface missile.

Contemporary surface-to-surface missiles are usually [[guided missile|guided]]. An unguided surface-to-surface missile is usually referred to as a [[rocket]] (for example, an [[RPG-7]] or [[M72 LAW]] is an [[anti-tank rocket]] whereas a [[BGM-71 TOW]] or [[AT-2 Swatter]] is an [[anti-tank guided missile]]).

Examples of surface-to-surface missile include the [[MGM-140 ATACMS]], the [[GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb#Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb (GLSDB)|Ground-Launched Small Diameter Bomb]] (GLSDB)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/weapons/2015/03/10/boeing-saab-small-diameter-bomber-ground-launch/24705183/|title=Boeing, Saab Unveil Ground Launched SDB|first=Aaron|last=Mehta|date=10 March 2015|website=Defensenews.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://saab.com/it/land/weapon-systems/surface-tosurface-missile-systems/ground-launched-small-diameter-bomb/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327084705/http://saab.com/it/land/weapon-systems/surface-tosurface-missile-systems/ground-launched-small-diameter-bomb/ |archive-date=2017-03-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/small-diameter-bomb-glsdb/|title=Ground-Launched Small Diameter Bomb (GLSDB)|website=Army-technology.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> and the [[Long Range Precision Fires]] (LRPF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/us-armys-new-ground-launched-missile-raining-down-death-500-17606|title=US Army's New Ground-Launched Missile: Raining Down Death from 500 Kilometers Away|first=Kris|last=Osborn|website=Nationalinterest.org|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/raytheon_to_offer_new_missile_design_for_us_army_s_long-range_precision_fires_requirement_21703161.html Raytheon to offer new missile design for US Army's Long-Range Precision Fires requirement] - Armyrecognition.com, 17 March 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2016/03/artillery-rocket-fire-support.html Raytheon to help Army develop new long-range artillery rocket for battlefield fire-support] - Militaryaerospace.com, 16 March 2016</ref>

==Examples==
*[[MGM-166 LOSAT]]
*[[MGM-140 ATACMS]]
*[[PARS 3 LR]]
*[[Polyphem]]
*[[ALAS (missile)|ALAS]]
*[[Hermes (missile)|Hermes]]
*[[Nimrod (missile)|Nimrod]]
*[[Otomat]]
*[[Bina (missile)|Bina]]
*[[RBS-15]]
*[[Luz (missile)|Luz]]
*[[Kh-35]]
*[[Kh-58]]
*[[Lightweight Multirole Missile]]
*[[P-800 Oniks]]
*[[3M-54 Kalibr]]
*[[BGM-109 Tomahawk]]<ref>https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42712/the-army-plans-to-fire-its-version-of-the-navys-sm-6-missile-from-this-launcher#:~:text=As%20for%20what%20the%20Typhon,weapons%20for%20its%20MRC%20battery.&text=The%20Tomahawk%20is%20primarily%20a,also%20have%20an%20antiship%20capability.</ref>
==Types==
Surface-to-surface missiles are usually divided into a number of categories:

*[[Ballistic missile]]s travel in a high trajectory, motor burns out partway through flight
**[[Tactical ballistic missile]]: Range between about 150 km and 300 km
***[[Battlefield range ballistic missile]] (BRBM): Range less than 200 km
**[[Theatre ballistic missile]] (TBM): range between 300 km and 3500 km
***[[Short-range ballistic missile]] (SRBM): Range 1000 km or less
***[[Medium-range ballistic missile]] (MRBM): Range between 1000 km and 3500 km
**[[Intermediate-range ballistic missile]] (IRBM) or [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|Long-range ballistic missile]] (LRBM): Range between 3500 km and 5500 km
**[[Intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM): Range greater than 5500 km
**[[Submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM): Launched from [[ballistic missile submarine]]s (SSBNs), all current designs have intercontinental range.
* [[Cruise missile]]s travel low to the ground, motor burns during entire flight, typical range 2,500 km (1,500 mi)
* [[Anti-tank guided missile]]s travel low to the ground, may or may not burn motor throughout flight, typical range 5 km (3 mi)
* [[Anti-ship missile]]s travel low over the ground and sea, and often pop up or {{linktext|jink}} before striking the target ship; typical range 130 km (80 mi)

Different parties break down missile type by the range differently. For example, the [[United States Department of Defense]] has no definition for LRBM, and thus defines an ICBM as those missiles with ranges greater than 5,500 km (3500 mi). The [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] also does not define a range for LRBMs, and defines SRBMs as having somewhat shorter ranges than the definition used by the Department of Defense.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Clear}}
{{Missile types}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Missile types]]
[[Category:Surface-to-surface missiles| ]]

Surface-to-surface missile - Revision history

>Teknologi Exprt at 14:27, 10 January 2022