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{{short description|Gujarati writer and poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Suresh Joshi
| image = Suresh Joshi in 1955.jpg
| caption = Joshi in 1955, [[Mumbai]]
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Suresh Hariprasad Joshi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1921|5|30}}
| birth_place = [[Valod]], [[Bardoli]], [[Bombay presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1986|9|6|1921|5|30}}
| death_place = [[Nadiad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| occupation ={{flatlist|
* Novelist
* short-story writer
* critic
* poet
* translator
* essayist
}}
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]
| movement =
| notableworks = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Grihapravesh (book)|Grihapravesh]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Janantike]]'' (1965)
* ''[[Chhinnapatra]]'' (1965)
* ''[[Maranottar]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Chintayami Manasa]]'' (1983)
}}
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1971)
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1983; refused)
}}
| signature = Suresh Joshi autograph.svg
| years_active =
| module={{Infobox academic
| child= yes
| doctoral_advisor = [[Bhogilal Sandesara]]
| thesis_title= A Critical Edition of Jnanagita (1616 A. D.) of Narahari
| thesis_url= http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/59803
| doctoral_students= [[Shirish Panchal]]
}}
| website = {{URL|sureshjoshi.org}}
}}
'''Suresh Hariprasad Joshi''' was an Indian novelist, short-story writer, literary critic, poet, translator, editor and academic in the [[Gujarati language]]. Along with his teaching career, he led the modernist movement in [[Gujarati literature]]. He was prolific writer and he transformed the field of literary criticism.

==Life==
{{multiple image
| width = 150
| footer = Young Suresh Joshi
| image1 = Suresh Joshi at the age of 29.jpg
| caption1 = Joshi at the age of 29
| image2 = Suresh Joshi with Usha Joshi, Mumbai.jpg
| caption2 = Joshi with his wife Usha Joshi
}}
[[File:Department of Gujarati at M S University.jpg|thumb|Building of Department of Gujarati, M. S. University]]
He was born in [[Valod]], a small town near [[Bardoli]] in [[South Gujarat]] on 30 May 1921. He did his schooling from Songadh and Gangadhara. He [[matriculation|matriculated]] from [[Navsari]] in 1938. He completed his BA in 1943 and MA from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1945. In the same year, he started teaching at D. J. Singh College in [[Karachi]] and later joined [[Sardar Patel University]], [[Vallabh Vidyanagar]] in 1947. From 1951, he served as a lecturer, professor and later as Head of the Gujarati Department at the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], [[Vadodara]] till his retirement in 1981.<ref name= "agsi">{{cite book|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ - આધુનિક અને અનુઆધુનિક યુગ (History of Modern Gujarati Literature – Modern and Postmodern Era)|first=Prasad|last=Brahmabhatt |publisher=Parshwa Publication|location=Ahmedabad|year=2010|pages=22–33|language=gu|isbn=978-93-5108-247-7}}</ref><ref name=gsp>{{Cite web|title =સુરેશ જોષી (Suresh Joshi)|url = http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Suresh-Joshi.html|website =[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|access-date = 2016-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Panchal2004">{{cite book|last=Panchal|first=Shirish|author-link=Shirish Panchal|title=Makers of Indian Literature: Suresh Joshi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AMOIkTYkOQC&pg=PP2|year=2004|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1922-9|pages=2–66}}</ref>

His early life was spent at Songadh which influenced his life. At the age of eight, he secretly published his poem in ''Baljeevan'' magazine. He edited ''Falguni'' magazine in his college life. ''Upjati'' (1956) was his first published work. He had also edited ''Manisha'', ''Kshitij'', ''Etad'' and ''Uhapoh'' magazines.<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/>

He died on 6 September 1986 due to [[kidney failure]] at [[Nadiad]].<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=gsp/>

==Style==
[[File:Suresh Joshi at the age of 45.jpg|thumb|Joshi at the age of 45, Vadodara]]
Joshi influenced many up-and-coming writers in the 1960s and 1970s. His personal essays "are said to have introduced a new prose style in [[Gujarati literature]]," according to Gujarati scholar Sarala Jag Mohan.<ref name=sm20cgl>Mohan, Sarala Jag, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&dq=Urdu+poets&pg=PA100 Chapter 4: "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature"] (Google books link), in Natarajan, Nalini, and Emanuel Sampath Nelson, editors, ''Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-313-28778-7}}, retrieved 10 December 2008</ref><ref name="Panchal2004"/> He was influenced by efforts of experimentation in western literature.<ref name="Sivasankari1998"/>

He was one of the chief exponents of [[experimentalism|experimentalist]] poetry in Gujarati, primarily through his literary criticism, rather than his poems. Under his influence, form, technique and structure became far more important considerations within Gujarati poetry. The torments of the individual and literary craftsmanship became more highly esteemed, but intelligibility, lyricism and musicality were valued less, as were social concerns of the writer and even the contents of the work, according to Deepak B. Mehta.<ref name=mil>George, K. M., editor, ''Modern Indian Literature: An Anthology'', published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, {{ISBN|978-81-7201-324-0}}, Chapter: [https://books.google.com/books?id=vfSPI2irzUgC&pg=PA100 "Modern Gujarati Literature"] by Deepak B. Mehta</ref>

[[Existentialism]] and [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]] were prime interests of his.<ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/>

==Works==
Suresh Joshi was a modernist author who led the modernist movement in [[Gujarati literature]] which emerged after 1955, the post-Gandhian era.<ref name="Panchal2004"/> He is recognized as the father of modern Gujarati literature<ref name="Sivasankari1998">{{cite book|author=Sivasankari|title=Knit India through literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PVjAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Eastwest Books|page=279|isbn=9788186852118}}</ref> and as the leader of [[avant-garde]] writers in Gujarati.<ref name="Devy2002">{{cite book|author=G. N. Devy|title=Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FMF2PL7HgeEC&pg=PA184|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2022-6|page=184}}</ref> According to Gujarati critic Bharat Mehta, the period of Gujarati literature from 1975 to 2000 was highly influenced by Suresh Joshi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sahitya Akademi Annual Report 2004 - 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOLI0vWNsuEC|access-date=25 January 2018|year=2004|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=75}}</ref>

''Upjati'' (1956), ''Pratyancha'' (1961), ''Itara'' (1973) and ''Tathapi'' (1980) are his poetry collections. He withdrew his first publication ''Upjati'' on his second publication.<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/> Through his poems, he introduced obscurity and ambiguity to Gujarati literature.<ref name="Tripathi 2018">{{cite web | last=Tripathi | first=Salil | title=A new generation of poets from Gujarat is keeping a rich poetic legacy alive | website= [[LiveMint]] | date=2018-02-16 | url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/WxQCScWHU7AACzKudTj58I/A-new-generation-of-poets-from-Gujarat-is-keeping-a-rich-poe.html | access-date=2018-02-16}}</ref>

His four novels are collectively published as ''Kathachatushtay''. Two of them, ''[[Chhinnapatra]]'' (1965) and ''[[Maranottar]]'' (1973) were already published before. ''Vidula'' and ''Kathachakra'' were published before with other short stories but Joshi considered them as novels and published again with other two.<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/> ''Chhinnapatra'' was translated into English by [[Tridip Suhrud]] as ''Crumpled letters'' (1998).<ref name="Jolly2013">{{cite book|author=Margaretta Jolly|title=Encyclopedia of Life Writing: Autobiographical and Biographical Forms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pedJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1087|access-date=27 January 2017|date=4 December 2013|publisher=[[Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-136-78744-7|page=1087}}</ref>

He was very experimental in [[novella]]s. He transformed the genre in Gujarati literature by his continued experimentation and esthetics. ''[[Grihapravesh (book)|Grihapravesh]]'' (1957), ''Biji Thodik Vartao'' (1958), ''Apich'' (1965), ''Na Tatra Suryo Bhati'' (1967), ''Ekda Naimisharanye'' (1980) are his collections of stories which include 62 novellas. His 21 stories were collected in ''Maniti Anmaniti'' (1982), edited by [[Shirish Panchal]].<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/> He promoted a theory of fiction known as ''Ghatanavilop'' which focuses on suggestive potential of language instead of plot element in fiction.<ref name="Devy2002"/>

''[[Janantike]]'' (1965) is his first collection of essays. His other essay collections are ''Idam Sarvam'' (1971), ''Ahobat Kim Ashcharyam'' (1975), ''Iti Me Iti'' (1987). ''Bhavyami'' (1984) includes selected essays edited by Shirish Panchal from his more than thousand essays.<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/><ref name="Trust1997">{{cite book|author=National Book Trust|title=Masterpieces of Indian literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXFOAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=National Book Trust|isbn=978-81-237-1978-8|page=304}}</ref> ''Janantike'' was translated into English by V. Y. Kantak as ''Intimated Asides'' (1995).<ref name="Navgujarat Samay 2014">{{cite web | title='માનવીની ભવાઈ'નો સુંદર અંગ્રેજી અનુવાદ -Navgujarat Samay | website=Navgujarat Samay | date=2014-05-24 | url=http://navgujaratsamay.indiatimes.com/navgujarat-samay-supplementaries-gujarati-columnist/kadar-ane-kitab/articleshow/35558013.cms | language=gu | access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref>

He was a reformer in field of literary criticism. His first work of criticism ''Kinchit'' (1960) rebelled against established norms. ''Gujarati Kavitano Aswad'' (1962), ''Kavyacharcha'' (1971), ''Kathopkathan'', ''Shrunavantu'' (1972), ''Arunyarudan'' (1976), ''[[Chintayami Manasa]]'' (1983), ''Ashtamoahyay'' (1984) are his other collections of criticism.<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name=sm20cgl/>

''Madhyakalin Gyanmargi Kavyadharani Bhumika'' (1978) is his research work. ''Jananti Ye Kimapi'' (1984) is collection of six essays edited by him which focuses on new movement in literary criticism. He edited some anthologies; '' Navonmesh'' (1971), ''Narharini Gyangeeta'' (1978), ''Gujarati Sarjanatmak Gadya: Ek Sankalan'' (1981), ''Vastana Pado'' (1983). ''Parakiya'' (1975) is his collection of translation of fine world poetry. ''Dhire Vahe Chhe Don'' Volume I (1960) and ''Bhonytaliyano Adami'' (1967) are translations of Russian novels. ''Shikari Bandook ane Hajar Saraso'' (1975) is translation of Japanese stories. ''Ameriki Tunki Varta'' (1967) is translation of ''The Short Story in America'' by [[Raymond B. West]]. ''Amerikana Sahityano Itihas'' (1965) is translation of book by [[Marcus Cunliffe]]. He translated essays of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in ''Panchamrut'' (1949) and ''Sanchay'' (1963).<ref name= "agsi"/><ref name="Panchal2004"/>

==Awards==
He was awarded [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1971.<ref name= "agsi"/> He refused to accept [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1983 which was awarded to him for ''Chintayami Manasa''. He said
that,"The book contains nothing more than some stray essay. It is only critical articles based on European and American criticism, and not reflects his original critical thinking".<ref name="Panchal2004"/><ref name="Devy2002"/> He was awarded the [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] for ''Janantike'' in 1965.<ref>{{cite book |last=Trivedi |first=Ramesh M. |year=2015 |script-title=gu:અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઇતિહાસ|title=Arvachin Gujarati Sahityano Itihas|trans-title=History of Modern Gujarati Literature |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Adarsh Prakashan |page=415 |language=gu |isbn=978-93-82593-88-1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Panchal|first=Shirish|author-link=Shirish Panchal|title=Makers of Indian Literature: Suresh Joshi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AMOIkTYkOQC&pg=PP2|year=2004|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1922-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Suresh Hariprasad Joshi|editor=J. Birje-Patil|title=Ten Short Stories by Suresh Joshi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcFjAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1159-9}}
* Kantak, V.Y. Intimate Asides: Selected Essays from Suresh Joshi's Janantike, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1995
* {{cite book |last=Shah |first=Suman |author-link=Suman Shah |title=Suresh Joshi Thi Suresh Joshi (Critical Study of Suresh Joshi, His Literature and its Impact upon Modern Gujarati Literature) |date=2000 |edition=2nd |publisher=Parshva Publication |location=Ahmedabad |oclc=5240570}}
* Topiwala, Chandrakant. ''Suresh Joshi''

==External links==
* {{Gbooks-author|Suresh Hariprasad Joshi}}
* [https://www.ekatrafoundation.org/books/ebook?author_sel=101 Works by Suresh Joshi] at Ekatra Foundation
{{Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Suresh}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Tapi district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Translators of Rabindranath Tagore]]

Suresh Joshi - Revision history

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