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{{Infobox royalty<br />
|name = Surendra Bikram Shah<br />
|image = Surendra Bikram Shah.jpg<br />
|caption = <br />
|succession = [[King of Nepal]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Rajendra Bikram Shah]]<br />
|successor = [[Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah]]<br />
|royal house = <br />
|spouse = Sura Rajya Lakshmi Devi<br/>[[Trailokya Rajya Lakshmi Devi]]<br/>Deva Rajya Lakshmi Devi<br />
|issue = [[Trailokya, Crown Prince of Nepal|Crown Prince Trailokya]]<br/>[[Prince Narendra of Nepal|Prince Narendra]]<br/> Princess Tika<br/>''(among others)''<br />
|issue-pipe = <br />
|father = [[Rajendra of Nepal|Rajendra Bikram Shah]]<br />
|mother = [[Samrajya Lakshmi Devi]]<br />
|regnal name=Shree Paanch Maharajadhiraj Surendra Bikram Shah Dev|house = [[Shah dynasty|Shah]]<br />
|house-type = Dynasty<br />
|reign = 12 May 1847 &ndash; 17 May 1881 <br />
|birth_date = 20 October 1829<br />
|death_date = 17 May 1881 (aged 51)<br />
|coronation = 12 May 1847{{cn|date=August 2020}}<br />
| cor-type = [[Coronation of the Nepalese monarch|Coronation]]<br />
|birth_place = [[Basantapur Durbar Square|Basantapur]], [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]<br />
|death_place = [[Basantapur Durbar Square|Basantapur]], [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]<br />
|religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Surendra Bikram Shah''' ({{lang-ne|श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज सुरेन्द्र बिक्रम शाह देव }}) (1829–1881) was [[King of Nepal|King]] of [[Nepal]] between 1847 and 1881. He became king after Prime Minister [[Jung Bahadur Rana]] forced the abdication of Surendra's father, [[Rajendra of Nepal|Rajendra Bikram Shah]]. Surendra wielded little real power, with Jang Bahadur Rana effectively ruling the country during Surendra's reign.<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Surendra was the son of [[Rajendra of Nepal|King Rajendra]] and his first wife, [[Samrajya Lakshmi Devi|Queen Samrajya]]. He was born the crown prince of Nepal and was relatively unpopular.<br />
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==Prince regent==<br />
Surendra's stepmother, [[Rajya Lakshmi Devi|Queen Rajya Lakshmi]], was ambitious to have her son, Prince Ranendra, sit on the throne. However, Jung Bahadur, who was ambitious and wanted power, might have cooperated with Rajya Lakshmi for his own motive. After the [[Kot massacre]], in which Jung Bahadur managed to eliminate a large number of nobles, Jung Bahadur turned against the queen, who in turn plotted to kill him (though the plot failed). Thinking Queen Rajya Lakshmi might be a threat to him, Jung Bahadur, who had become the prime minister, exiled Rajya Lakshmi to [[Varanasi]]. King Rajendra also accompanied her to Varanasi. Before leaving, he made Surendra the prince regent. However, later Jung Bahadur Rana forced the abdication of King Rajendra, and then Surendra was made the king.<ref>[http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/contributions/pdf/CNAS_01_01_03.pdf Himalaya]</ref><br />
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==Life as the king==<br />
[[File:King Surendra Bikram Shah 1.jpg|thumb|left|Picture of King Surendra Bikram Shah with two body guards taken by the then British Assistant Resident Clarence Comyn Taylor around 1862-1865.]]<br />
King Surendra was like a prisoner in his own palace: with the exception of his immediate family, nobody could visit him without the permission of Jung Bahadur Rana. The king was only allowed to read literature. Frustrated at all these, the king wanted to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Trailokya, but the Rana prime minister did not allow it.<br />
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Surendra was allowed to meet his father, the ex-king Rajendra, once every month. Rajendra continued to live under house arrest until his death.<br />
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In 1856, King Surendra issued a sanad- which formalized the dominance and political leadership of the Kunwar family- the family of Jung Bahadur Rana. The king and his descendants could use the honorific title of 'Shri' five times with their names, while the members of the Kunwar family used the title thrice- placing the Kunwar family in a rank that was second only to the royal family. While Surendra remained the king (Maharajadhiraja), he had little power; Jung Bahadur Rana ruled the country.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fkObBQAAQBAJ&dq=Nepal+Country+Study+Guide+-+Strategic+Information+and+Developments&pg=PA2 Google Books]</ref><br />
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Surendra's son, General and Crown Prince [[Trailokya, Crown Prince of Nepal|Trailokya Bir Bikram Shah Deva]] married three of Jung Bahadur Rana's daughters, Tara Rajya Lakhsmi Devi, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi and Hiranyagarbha Kumari Devi.{{cn|date=August 2020}} Trilokya died in 1878, and Trilokya's son [[Prithvi of Nepal|Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah]] became heir to the throne.<br />
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==Death==<br />
[[File:Surendra Bikram Shah, 1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Surendra Bikram Shah]]<br />
Surendra died in 1881. His grandson Prithvi succeeded him as the king of Nepal.<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061110031624/http://www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal_TextOnly.php History of the Shah Dynasty -- official site]<br />
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{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-hou|[[Shah dynasty]]|20 October|1829|17 May|1881}}<br />
{{S-reg|}}<br />
|-<br />
{{succession box|<br />
title=[[List of monarchs of Nepal|King of Nepal]]|<br />
years=1847&ndash;1881|<br />
before=[[Rajendra of Nepal|Rajendra Bikram Shah]]|<br />
after=[[Prithvi of Nepal|Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
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{{Heads of State of Nepal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1829 births]]<br />
[[Category:1881 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Nepalese monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Shah dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]</div>Ajay Kumar