CleanupBot: /* Climate */clean up

2022-01-02T04:37:54Z

Climate: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:07, 2 January 2022
Line 65:		Line 65:
	Surat has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system\|Köppen]]: Aw),moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being {{convert\|37\|C\|F\|0}}. [[Monsoon]] begins in late June and the city receives about {{convert\|1200\|mm\|in}} of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being {{convert\|32\|C\|F}} during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around {{convert\|23\|C\|F}}, and negligible rain.		Surat has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system\|Köppen]]: Aw),moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being {{convert\|37\|C\|F\|0}}. [[Monsoon]] begins in late June and the city receives about {{convert\|1200\|mm\|in}} of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being {{convert\|32\|C\|F}} during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around {{convert\|23\|C\|F}}, and negligible rain.

	Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced some 20 floods.<ref name ="citiscope.org">{{Cite web\|url=http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood\|title=What Surat learned from a preventable flood {{!}} Citiscope\|website=citiscope.org\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103442/http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood\|archive-date=8 March 2018\|url-status=live\|access-date=2018-03-08\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in [[Tapti River\|Tapti river]] following release of water from [[Ukai Dam\|Ukai dam]] located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms\|title=State fails to find solution to Surat floods – Times of India\|work=The Times of India\|access-date=2018-03-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308173510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms\|archive-date=8 March 2018\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref~~><ref name="citiscope.org" /~~>		Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced some 20 floods.<ref name ="citiscope.org">{{Cite web\|url=http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood\|title=What Surat learned from a preventable flood {{!}} Citiscope\|website=citiscope.org\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103442/http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood\|archive-date=8 March 2018\|url-status=live\|access-date=2018-03-08\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in [[Tapti River\|Tapti river]] following release of water from [[Ukai Dam\|Ukai dam]] located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.<ref name="citiscope.org" /><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms\|title=State fails to find solution to Surat floods – Times of India\|work=The Times of India\|access-date=2018-03-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308173510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms\|archive-date=8 March 2018\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

	{{Weather box\|date=August 2019		{{Weather box\|date=August 2019

imported>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (3 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

2021-03-15T15:02:31Z

+{{Authority control}} (3 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

New page

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Surat}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Surat district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = district
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Surat in Gujarat (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of district in Gujarat
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Surat]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = District Collectorate
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4,418
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,081,322
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 12 of 640 in India 2 of 33 in Gujarat
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name=gujd>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/gujarat.html|title=Districts of Gujarat}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = GJ 05, GJ 19 & GJ 28
| website = {{URL|https://surat.gujarat.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Surat''' is a district in the state of [[Gujarat]] [[India]] with [[Surat]] city as the administrative headquarters of this district. It is surrounded by [[Bharuch]], [[Narmada District|Narmada]] (North), [[Navsari]] (South) districts and east [[Tapi district]] To the west is the [[Gulf of Cambay]]. It is the second-most advanced district in Gujarat. It had a population of 6,081,322 of which 79.68% were urban as of 2011.
On 2 October 2007 Surat district was split into two by the creation of a new Tapi district, under the Surat District Re-organisation Act 2007.

As of 2011 it is the 12th most populous district of India (out of 640), and the second most populous district of Gujarat (out of [[Districts of Gujarat|33]]) after [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmadabad]].<ref name="districtcensus"/><ref name=gujd/>

As of 2011, 79.74% of Surat's population is urban and 20.26% of its population is rural. Scheduled tribes are 14.1% of its population and scheduled castes are 2.6% of its population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/district/surat-district-gujarat-492|title=Surat District Population, Caste, Religion Data (Gujarat) – Census 2011|publisher=Census 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Surat district 1877 map.jpg|thumb|Map of Surat district, Bombay Presidency, British India 1877]]

==Geography==
Surat District's total area is 4,418 km 2, and the density of Surat District was 1,376 per km 2 at the 2011 Census. The region has the highest population density in the State, followed by Ahmedabad region.

===Climate===
Surat has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen]]: Aw),moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being {{convert|37|C|F|0}}. [[Monsoon]] begins in late June and the city receives about {{convert|1200|mm|in}} of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being {{convert|32|C|F}} during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around {{convert|23|C|F}}, and negligible rain.

Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced some 20 floods.<ref name ="citiscope.org">{{Cite web|url=http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood|title=What Surat learned from a preventable flood {{!}} Citiscope|website=citiscope.org|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103442/http://citiscope.org/story/2015/what-surat-learned-preventable-flood|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-08|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in [[Tapti River|Tapti river]] following release of water from [[Ukai Dam|Ukai dam]] located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms|title=State fails to find solution to Surat floods – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308173510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/State-fails-to-find-solution-to-Surat-floods/articleshow/1929043.cms|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="citiscope.org" />

{{Weather box|date=August 2019
|location = Surat, Gujarat (1932–1980)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes

|source 1 = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/in-surat.htm
| title = INDIA – SURAT | access-date = 2011-09-24 | publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas
}}</ref>
|source 2 = World Climate Guide (sunshine only)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/india/surat.php
| title = Surat Climate Guide | access-date = 2011-09-24 | publisher = World Climate Guide
}}</ref>
}}

== Industry at a Glance ==
{|class="wikitable"
|+
Industry and data
!No
!Head
!Unit
!Particulars
|-
!1
|REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL UNIT
|Number
|52,252
|-
!2
|TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT
|Number
|52,252
|-
!3
|REGISTERED MEDIUM & LARGE UNIT
|Number
|805
|-
!4
|ESTIMATED AVERAGE NO. OF DAILY & WORKER EMPLOYED IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
|Number
|1,45,527
|-
!5
|EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE & MEDIUM INDUSTRIES
|Number
|1,68,987
|-
!6
|NO. OF INDUSTRIAL AREA
|Number
|10
|-
!7
|TURNOVER OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
|Rs. (in Lacs)
|6,180
|-
!8
|TURNOVER OF MEDIUM & LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
|Rs. (in Lacs)
|34,862
|}
The above details has been taken from ''Brief Industrial Profile of Surat District''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/BIP%20SURAT_guj.pdf|title=Profile of Surat District}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,62,643|13=1911|14=4,94,771|15=1921|16=4,96,671|17=1931|18=5,46,018|19=1941|20=6,58,719|21=1951|22=7,81,625|23=1961|24=9,84,689|25=1971|26=13,29,422|27=1981|28=19,65,240|29=1991|30=27,70,921|31=2001|32=42,75,540|33=2011|34=60,81,322|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Surat district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 6,081,322,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[El Salvador]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = El Salvador 6,071,774 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Missouri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Missouri 5,988,927
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 12th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1376 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] was 42.24% over the decade 2001–2011 and 54.30% over the decade 1991–2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/206-surat.html|title=Surat District : Census 2011 data|publisher=Census 2011}}</ref> Surat has a [[sex ratio]] of 788 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 86.5%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 60.08% of the population in the district spoke [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 22.88% [[Hindi]], 8.03% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 2.60% [[Odia language|Odia]], 2.47% [[Urdu]], 1.80% [[Bhili language|Bhili]] and 0.58% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Culture==

Places of tourist interest in [[Surat]] are the old fort build by Muhammad- Bin- Tughlaq, the Unai hot spring, the beautiful beaches of [[Ubhrat]], [[Dumas Beach|Dumas]] and [[Tithal]], the villages of [[Bardoli]] and [[Dandi, Gujarat|Dandi]] where Gandhiji started Satyagraha movement and Dandi march respectively. The Vansada National Park in [[Surat]] is famous for the wild boars, leopards, tigers, panther it houses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111052456/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |archive-date=2010-01-11 }}</ref>

==Notable personalities==
* [[Narmadashankar Dave]] (1833–1886) Author, poet, scholar and public speaker. Born in [[Surat]].
* [[Nuruddin ar-Raniri|Shaikh Randeri]] (a.k.a. Shaikh Raneri) was famous for spreading the Islamic faith to [[Indonesia]].
* [[Navalram]] (1836–1888) Author and literary critic. Born in [[Surat]].
* [[Ranjitram Mehta]] (1881–1917) Author. Born in [[Surat]].
* [[Gunvant Shah]] (1937– ) Author. Born in Rander, Surat.<ref>[http://www.deshvidesh.com/aboutgunvantshah.htm Basic Information about Gunvant Shah]</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of tourist attractions in Surat]]
*[[Barbodhan]]
*[[Udhana Taluka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://surat.nic.in/ Official website]
* [http://surat.gujarat.gov.in/ Collectorate site]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Surat district
|North = [[Bharuch district]]
|Northeast = [[Narmada district]]
|East = [[Tapi district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Navsari district]]
|Southwest = ''[[Arabian Sea]]''
|West =
|Northwest = ''[[Gulf of Khambhat]]''
}}

{{Surat district}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|20|55|N|73|03|E|display=title|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Surat district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Gujarat]]

Surat district - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Climate */clean up

imported>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (3 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on