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	==Life==		==Life==
	Hora was born at [[Hafizabad]] in the Punjab (modern day [[Pakistan]]) on 2 May 1896. He schooled in Jullunder before college at Lahore. He met [[Thomas Nelson Annandale]] who visited his college in Lahore in 1919 and was invited to the Zoological Survey of India. In 1921 he became in-charge of ichthyology and herpetology and in 1947 became Superintendent of the Z.S.I. and then Director after Baini Prashad moved to become an advisor to the government.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Roonwal, M.L.\|year=1956\|title=The Late Dr Sunder Lal Hora (1896-1955): an appreciation, together with a complete list of his scientific writings\|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/054/03-04/0107-0137.pdf\|journal=Records of the Indian Museum\|volume=54\|issue=~~3-4~~\|pages=107–137}}</ref>		Hora was born at [[Hafizabad]] in the Punjab (modern day [[Pakistan]]) on 2 May 1896. He schooled in Jullunder before college at Lahore. He met [[Thomas Nelson Annandale]] who visited his college in Lahore in 1919 and was invited to the Zoological Survey of India. In 1921 he became in-charge of ichthyology and herpetology and in 1947 became Superintendent of the Z.S.I. and then Director after Baini Prashad moved to become an advisor to the government.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Roonwal, M.L.\|year=1956\|title=The Late Dr Sunder Lal Hora (1896-1955): an appreciation, together with a complete list of his scientific writings\|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/054/03-04/0107-0137.pdf\|journal=Records of the Indian Museum\|volume=54\|issue=3–4\|pages=107–137}}</ref>

	He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] in 1929. His proposers were [[James Hartley Ashworth]], John Stephenson, [[Charles Henry O'Donoghue]] and [[James Ritchie (naturalist)\|James Ritchie]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002\|date=July 2006\|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh\|isbn=0 902 198 84 X\|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}}</ref>		He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] in 1929. His proposers were [[James Hartley Ashworth]], John Stephenson, [[Charles Henry O'Donoghue]] and [[James Ritchie (naturalist)\|James Ritchie]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002\|date=July 2006\|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh\|isbn=0-902-198-84-X\|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}}</ref>

	He died on 8 December 1955.<ref name=copeia>{{cite journal\|author=Silas, E.G. \|jstor=1440452\|pages=134–136\|year=1956\|title=Sunder Lal Hora\|journal=Copeia\|issue=2\|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7042/2/139-COPEIA_1956.pdf}}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite journal\|author=Roonwal, M.L.\|title=Sunder Lal Hora (1899-1955)\|volume=22\|issue=6\|pages=287–303\|url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf\|journal=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065616/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf\|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref>		He died on 8 December 1955.<ref name=copeia>{{cite journal\|author=Silas, E.G. \|jstor=1440452\|pages=134–136\|year=1956\|title=Sunder Lal Hora\|journal=Copeia\|volume=1956\|issue=2\|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7042/2/139-COPEIA_1956.pdf}}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite journal\|author=Roonwal, M.L.\|title=Sunder Lal Hora (1899-1955)\|volume=22\|issue=6\|pages=287–303\|url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf\|journal=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065616/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf\|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref>

	==Works==		==Works==

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Dr '''Sunder Lal Hora''' [[FRSE]] FLS (2 May 1896 – 8 December 1955) was an [[India]]n [[Ichthyology|ichthyologist]] and was known for his biogeographical theory on the affinities of Western Ghats and Indo-Malayan forms. He was the second Indian director of the [[Zoological Survey of India]], succeeding [[Baini Prashad]].

==Life==
Hora was born at [[Hafizabad]] in the Punjab (modern day [[Pakistan]]) on 2 May 1896. He schooled in Jullunder before college at Lahore. He met [[Thomas Nelson Annandale]] who visited his college in Lahore in 1919 and was invited to the Zoological Survey of India. In 1921 he became in-charge of ichthyology and herpetology and in 1947 became Superintendent of the Z.S.I. and then Director after Baini Prashad moved to become an advisor to the government.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Roonwal, M.L.|year=1956|title=The Late Dr Sunder Lal Hora (1896-1955): an appreciation, together with a complete list of his scientific writings|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/054/03-04/0107-0137.pdf|journal=Records of the Indian Museum|volume=54|issue=3-4|pages=107–137}}</ref>

He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] in 1929. His proposers were [[James Hartley Ashworth]], John Stephenson, [[Charles Henry O'Donoghue]] and [[James Ritchie (naturalist)|James Ritchie]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}}</ref>

He died on 8 December 1955.<ref name=copeia>{{cite journal|author=Silas, E.G. |jstor=1440452|pages=134–136|year=1956|title=Sunder Lal Hora|journal=Copeia|issue=2|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7042/2/139-COPEIA_1956.pdf}}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite journal|author=Roonwal, M.L.|title=Sunder Lal Hora (1899-1955)|volume=22|issue=6|pages=287–303|url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065616/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b69_287.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref>

==Works==
The ''[[Satpura hypothesis]]'', a zoo-geographical hypothesis proposed by him that suggests that the central Indian [[Satpura Range]] of hills acted as a bridge for the gradual migrations of [[Malay Peninsula|Malayan]] fauna into the peninsula and the [[Western Ghats]] of India. He supported the theory on the basis of torrential fishes which had special suckers to hold onto rocks. Later research however pointed out that his examples made use of unrelated species showing common characters that were independently evolved, that is they were examples of [[convergent evolution]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Karanth, Praveen|year=2003| title= Evolution of disjunct distributions among wet-zone species of the Indian subcontinent: Testing various hypotheses using a phylogenetic approach|journal= Current Science |volume=85|issue=9|pages=1276–1282|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_085_09_1276_1283_0.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hora, Sunder Lal|title=Satpura hypothesis of the distribution of the Malayan fauna and flora to peninsular India|url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b88_309.pdf|pages=309–314|journal=Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India|volume=15B|year=1949|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613200814/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b88_309.pdf|archive-date=2015-06-13}}</ref>

Hora was also among the Indian pioneers of fish and wildlife conservation and pointed out the effect of dams on the migrations of riverine fishes and noted the poor design of [[fish ladder]]s in Indian dams.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hora, S.L.|title=Dams and the problems of migratory fishes|journal=Current Science|pages=406–407|volume=9|year=1940|issue=9|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_009_09_0406_0408_0.pdf}}</ref>

A genus of [[ricefish]], ''[[Horaichthys]]'' ("Hora's Fish"), was created in his honour and placed as a sole member of the family ''Horaichthyidae''. The species is now placed in the genus ''[[Oryzias]]'' and the family is no longer considered valid.

The catfish genus ''[[Horabagrus]]'' is named after the Indian zoologist Sunder Lal Hora. ''Horabagrus'' is usually classified under the family [[Bagridae]], but there are disagreements.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[:Category:Taxa named by Sunder Lal Hora]]

==References==
* Hora, S. L. 1944. On the Malayan affinities of the freshwater fish fauna of Peninsular India, and its bearing on the probable age of the Garo-Rajmahal Gap. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 10(2):423–439.
* Hora, S. L. 1949. Satpura Hypothesis of the Distribution of the Malayan Fauna and Flora to Peninsular India. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 15(8):309–314.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hora, Sunder Lal}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:Naturalists of British India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Indian ichthyologists]]

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{{India-scientist-stub}}

Sunder Lal Hora - Revision history

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