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Copying from Category:20th-century Indian women to Category:20th-century Indian people non-diffusing subcategory using Cat-a-lot

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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Sultan Jahan Begum
|succession = [[Nawab Begum of Bhopal]]
|image = File:Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal.jpg
|reign = 16 June 1901 – 20 April 1926
|predecessor = [[Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sultan Shah Jahan Begum]]
|successor = [[Hamidullah Khan]]
|spouse = Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur
|issue = Bilqis Jahan Muzaffar Begum<br>Muhammad Nasru'llah Khan<br>Muhammad Ubaidu'llah Khan<br>Asif Jahan Begum<br>[[Hamidullah Khan]]
|full name =
|house =
|father = Baqi Muhammad Khan Bahadur
|mother = [[Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sultan Shah Jahan Begum]]
|birth_date = 9 July 1858
|birth_place = [[Bhopal]], [[British India]]
|death_date = 12 May 1930 (aged 71)
}}

'''[[Hajji|Hajjah]] [[Nawab]] [[Begum]] [[Dame (title)|Dame]] Sultan Jahan''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCSI|GCIE|GBE|GCStJ|CI}} (9 July 1858 – 12 May 1930) was a notable and progressive [[Begum of Bhopal]] who ruled from 1901 to 1926.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/403696/sultan-kaikhusrau-jahan-begum-of-bhopal|website=royalcollection|publisher=Royal Collection Trust|accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bhopal.nic.in/bplhistory.htm |title=HISTORY OF BHOPAL |website=Bhopal.nic.in |date= |accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Frances Pritchett |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/women/bhopalbegams/bhopalbegams.html |title=bhopalbegams |website=Columbia.edu |date= |accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
===Early life===
Sarkar Amman<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Muslim_Leaders.htm |title = Woman Muslim Leaders throughout the Times}}</ref> known better as Sultan Jahan, was born at [[Bhopal]], the elder and only surviving child of Nawab Begum [[Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sultan Shah Jahan]] and her husband General HH Nasir ud-Daula, Nawab Baqi Muhammad Khan Bahadur (1823–1867). In 1868, she was proclaimed heiress apparent to the Bhopal ''musnaid'' following the death of her grandmother, Sikander Begum and her mother's succession to the throne. In 1901, Sultan Jahan succeeded her mother at her death, becoming Nawab Begum of Dar-ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal.

=== Nawab Begum ===
[[File:Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal at Delhi Durbar 1911.jpg|thumb|right| Jahan with her second son at the [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|Delhi Durbar of 1911]]]]
A great reformer in the tradition of her mother and grandmother, Sultan Jahan founded several important educational institutions in Bhopal, establishing free and compulsory primary education in 1918. During her reign, she had a particular focus on public instruction, especially female education.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1486294/the-remarkable-begums-who-defied-patriarchal-norms-to-rule-bhopal-for-more-than-a-century|title=The remarkable Begums who defied patriarchal norms to rule Bhopal for more than a century|date=3 June 2019}}</ref> She built many technical institutes and schools and increased the number of qualified teachers. From 1920 until her death, she was the founding Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. As of 2020, she is the only women to have served as [[List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University|Chancellor]] of [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amu.ac.in/pro.jsp?did=10065&lid=List%20of%20Chancellors |title=Aligarh Muslim University || Public Relations Officer |website=Amu.ac.in |date= |accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref>

Not just a reformer in the field of education, the Nawab Begum reformed taxation, the army, police, the judiciary and the jails, expanded agriculture, and constructed extensive irrigation and public works in the state. Also, she established an Executive and Legislative State Council in 1922 and began open elections for the municipalities.

In 1914, she was the President of the All-India Muslim Ladies' Association. Sultan Jahan's primary legacy, though, was in the field of public health, as she pioneered widespread inoculation and vaccination programs and improved the water supply and standards of hygiene and sanitation. A prolific author, she wrote several books on education, health and other topics, including ''Hidayat uz-Zaujan'', ''Sabil ul-Jinan'',
''Tandurusti'' (Health), ''Bachchon-ki-Parwarish'',
''Hidayat Timardari'', ''Maishat-o-Moashirat''. Owing to her numerous activities, she was the recipient of numerous honours and awards.

In 1926, after a reign of 25 years, Sultan Jahan abdicated the throne in favour of her youngest child and only surviving son, [[Hamidullah Khan]]. She died four years later, aged 71.{{cn|date=June 2020}}

== In popular culture ==
''Begamon Ka Bhopal'' (2017), is a documentary film directed by Rachita Gorowala and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]. It explores her life along with the other Begums of Bhopal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pal |first1=Shubhodeep |title=Documentary review: Begamon ka Bhopal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/documentary-review-begamon-ka-bhopal/article24947435.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=14 September 2018}}</ref>

==Family==
On 1 February 1874, Sultan Jahan married HH Ali Jah, Ihtisham ul-Mulk, Nasir ud-Daula, Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur, Sultan Dulha Sahib, Nawab Consort of Bhopal, (1854–1902), 9th cousin, once removed, and a member of the senior male-line branch of the dynasty. The couple had three sons and two daughters:

* 1. Sahibzadi Bilqis Jahan Muzaffar Begum Sahiba (25 October 1875 – 23 December 1887)
* 2. [[Colonel]] Ali Jah, [[Nawab]] [[Hafiz (Qur'an)|Hafiz]] Sir Muhammad Nasru'llah Khan Sahib Bahadur, ''Wali Ahad Bahadur'', [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (3 December 1876 – 3 September 1924). Heir Apparent of Bhopal, granted a personal salute of 9-guns in 1901; commissioned a Major in 1912, promoted to Colonel in 1918. Named Chief Conservator of Forests in 1924, he was married twice and had two sons and a daughter
* 3. [[Major-General]] Al-[[Haj]] Mohsin ul-Mulk, [[Nawab]] [[Hafiz (Qur'an)|Hafiz]] Muhammad Ubaidu'llah Khan Sahib Bahadur, [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]] (30 November 1878 – 24 March 1924). Brigadier and C-in-C of the Bhopal State Forces and Imperial Service Troops, 1905; promoted to Major-General in 1918. Commissioned a Captain in the Indian Army in 1909; promoted to Major in 1911 and to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1921; married and had four sons and a daughter
* 4. Sahibzadi Asif Jahan Begum Sahiba (5 August 1880 – 22 July 1894)
* 5. HH Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Al-Haj Nawab Hafiz Muhammad [[Hamidullah Khan]] Bahadur (9 September 1894 – 4 February 1960). Successor and Nawab of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal

==Titles==
*1858–1868: Nawabzadi Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan [[Begum]] [[Sahiba]]
*1868–1877: Nawabzadi Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan [[Begum]] [[Sahiba]], Wali Ahad Bahadur
*1877–1901: Nawabzadi Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan [[Begum]] [[Sahiba]], Wali Ahad Bahadur
*1901–1904: [[Her Highness]] Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, [[Nawab]] Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan [[Begum]] [[Sahiba]], [[Nawab]] [[Begum]] of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-[[Bhopal]]
*1904–1910: Her Highness Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab [[Dame (title)|Dame]] Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal, [[Order of the Indian Empire|GCIE]]
*1910–1911: Her Highness Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Dame Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal, [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]], GCIE
*1911–1916: Her Highness Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Dame Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal, GCSI, GCIE, [[Order of the Crown of India|CI]]
*1916–1917: Her Highness Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Dame Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal, GCSI, GCIE, [[Venerable Order of Saint John|GCStJ]], CI
*1917–1930: Her Highness Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Dame Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Dar ul-Iqbal-i-Bhopal, GCSI, GCIE, [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]], GCStJ, CI

==Honours==
*[[Empress of India Medal]] silver – 1877
*[[Delhi Durbar]] gold medal – 1903
*Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (GCIE) – 1904
*Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI) – 1910
*Companion of the [[Order of the Crown of India]] (CI) – 1911
*Order of Nobility (''Nishan-i-Majidi'') of the [[Ottoman Empire]] – 1911
*Dame Grand Cross of the [[Venerable Order of Saint John]] (GCStJ) – 1916
*[[Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] (GBE) – 1917


==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/hayatiqudsilifeo00sult ''Hayat-i-Qudsi, life of the Nawab Gauhar Begum alias the Nawab Begum Qudsia of Bhopal'' by Sultan Jahan (1918)]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum of Bhopal, Kaikhusrau Jahan}}
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:Begums of Bhopal]]
[[Category:Indian dames]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India]]
[[Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Double dames]]
[[Category:20th-century women rulers]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]

Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal - Revision history

>Scorpions13256: Copying from Category:20th-century Indian women to Category:20th-century Indian people non-diffusing subcategory using Cat-a-lot