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{{Short description|Experimental fighter aircraft}}
{{About|the aircraft at one time designated S-37|the aircraft designated Su-37|Sukhoi Su-37}}
{{More citations needed|article|date=July 2009}}

{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = Su-47 ''Berkut''
|image = File:Sukhoi Su-47 in 2007.jpg|Sukhoi Su-47 in 2007
|caption = The only Su-47 at an airshow in 2008.
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = [[Experimental aircraft]]/[[Technology demonstrator]]
|manufacturer =[[Sukhoi]]
|designer = [[Mikhail Pogosyan]]
|first flight = 25 September 1997
|introduced =
|retired=
|status = Cancelled
|primary user = [[Russian Air Force]]
|
|number built = 1
|unit cost = 
|developed from =[[Sukhoi Su-37]]
|variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''Sukhoi Su-47 ''Berkut''''' ({{lang-ru|Сухой Су-47 Беркут|translation=Golden Eagle}}) ([[NATO reporting name]] '''Firkin'''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Su-47 / S-37 Berkut|url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/su-47.htm|website = www.globalsecurity.org|access-date = 2016-01-10}}</ref>), also designated '''S-32''' and '''S-37''' (not to be confused with the twin-engined delta canard design<ref name="SSP_fighters">Buttler, Tony and Gordon, Yefim. "Soviet Secret Projects: Fighters Since 1945". Midland Publishing, 2005. {{ISBN|1-85780-221-7}}.</ref> offered by Sukhoi in the early 1990s under the designation [[Sukhoi Su-37|Su-37]]) during initial development, was a Russian experimental [[supersonic]] [[fighter aircraft|jet fighter]] developed by the [[Sukhoi|JSC Sukhoi Company]]. A distinguishing feature of the aircraft was its [[forward-swept wing]]<ref name="airwar-ru">[http://aeroweb.lucia.it/~agretch/RAFAQ/six5th_5.html Russian Aviation Page: Sukhoi S-37 Berkut (S-32)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213192427/http://aeroweb.lucia.it/~agretch/RAFAQ/six5th_5.html |date=February 13, 2006 }}</ref> which gave the aircraft excellent agility and maneuverability. While serial production of the type never materialized and the configuration was not further pursued, the sole aircraft produced served as a technology demonstrator prototype for a number of advanced technologies later used in the 4.5 generation fighter [[Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]] and current [[fifth-generation jet fighter]] [[Sukhoi Su-57|Su-57]].

==Development==
Originally known as the S-37, Sukhoi redesignated its advanced test aircraft as the Su-47 in 2002. Officially nicknamed '''''Berkut''''' ({{lang-ru|Беркут}}) (the Russian word for the [[golden eagle]]), the Su-47 was originally built as Russia's principal testbed for composite materials and sophisticated fly-by-wire control systems, as well as new airframe technologies.

[[TsAGI]] has long been aware of the advantages of forward-swept wings, with research including the development of the [[Tsibin LL]] and study of the captured [[Junkers Ju 287]] in the 1940s. At high angles of attack, the wing tips remain retracted allowing the aircraft to retain aileron control. Conversely to more conventional rear-swept wings, forward sweep geometrically creates increased [[angle of incidence (aerodynamics)|angle of incidence]] of the outer wing sections when the wing bends under load. The wings experience higher bending moments, leading to a tendency for the wings to fail structurally at lower speeds than for a straight or aft-swept wing.

The project was launched in 1983 on order from the Soviet Air Force. But when the USSR dissolved, funding was frozen and development continued only through funding by Sukhoi.{{cn|date=April 2022}} Like its US counterpart, the [[Grumman X-29]], the Su-47 was primarily a technology demonstrator for future Russian fighters such as the [[Sukhoi Su-57]]. The forward-swept wing configuration was ultimately not pursued because it was mainly advantageous at transonic speeds while an aft-swept wing was superior at supersonic speeds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Butowski |first=Piotr |title=Su-57 Felon |page=13 |location=Stamford, UK |publisher=Key Books |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-913870-44-7 |url=https://shop.keypublishing.com/product/View/productCode/KB0043/Su-57%20Felon}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:Sukhoi Su-47 outline.svg|thumb|Outline of the Sukhoi Su-47]]

The Su-47 is of similar dimensions to previous large Sukhoi fighters, such as the [[Su-35]]. To reduce development costs, the Su-47 borrowed the forward fuselage, vertical tails, and landing gear of the [[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]] family. Nonetheless, the aircraft includes an internal weapons bay, and space set aside for an advanced radar.

Like its immediate predecessor, the [[Su-37]], the Su-47 is of [[Wing configuration#Horizontal stabiliser|tandem-triple]] layout, with [[canard (aeronautics)|canards]] ahead of wings and [[tailplane]]s. The Su-47 has two tailbooms of unequal length outboard of the exhaust nozzles. And they carries rearward-facing [[radar]] and a [[Drogue parachute|breaker-chute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/original-russian-stealth-fighter-su-47-190729|title=The Original Russian Stealth Fighter: The Su-47|first=Sebastien|last=Roblin|access-date=2023-08-23|date=2021-07-30|publisher=[[The National Interest]]}}</ref>

===Maneuverability===
The Su-47 has extremely high agility at subsonic speeds, enabling the aircraft to alter its angle of attack and its flight path very quickly while retaining maneuverability in supersonic flight.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

===Wings===
The forward-swept gives the Su-47 an unconventional appearance. The inner portion of the wing generates a substantial part of the lift. This lift is not restricted by wingtip stall{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} and the lift-induced wingtip vortex generation is thus reduced. The [[aileron]] remain effective at the highest angles of attack, and controllability of the aircraft is retained even in the event of airflow separating from the remainder of the wings' surface.

A disadvantage of such a forward-swept wing design is that it twists when under load, resulting in greater stress on the wing than occurs with a similar straight or aft-swept wing.{{fact|date=August 2023}} This requires the wing be designed to twist as it bends—opposite to the geometric twisting.{{what|geometric twisting? who he?|date=August 2023}} This is done by the use of composites wing skins laid-up to twist. The aircraft was initially limited to Mach 1.6. Because the forward sweep was primarily beneficial at transonic speed while losing out to aft-swept wing at supersonic speed, it was not further pursued.

===Thrust vectoring===
The [[thrust vectoring]] (with PFU engine modification) of ±20° at 30°/second in pitch and yaw would have greatly supported the agility gained by other aspects of the design.

==Specifications (Su-47)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2000–01<ref name=JAWA00-01>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2000–01 |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Paul|year=2000 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom |isbn=978-0710620118 |edition=91st |pages=457–458}}</ref>
|prime units?=met

|crew=1
|length m=22.6
|length note=
|span m=16.7
|span note=
|height m=6.4
|height note=
|wing area sqm=56
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=5%
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=25670
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=34000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=

|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Soloviev D-30]]F6<ref name=Су-47>{{cite web|title=Су-47 (С-37) "Беркут" (Russian)|url=http://testpilot.ru/russia/sukhoi/s/37/s37.php|access-date=29 August 2020 |website=testpilot.ru}}</ref>
|eng1 type=afterburning [[turbofan]] engines
|eng1 kn=93.1
|eng1 note=engines with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional thrust-vectoring nozzles planned for testing.
|eng1 kn-ab=153

|max speed kmh=2200
|max speed note= / M2.21 at altitude
::::{{cvt|1400|km/h|mph kn}} / M1.12 at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=3300
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=18000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<big>+</big>9
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=233<ref name="climb_rate">{{cite web|title=Su-47 (S-37 Berkut) Golden Eagle Fighter |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/s37/ |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=airforce-technology.com}}</ref>
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=607
|wing loading note=max (approx.)
::::{{cvt|458|kg/m2}} normal (approx.)
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=1.00 max take-off weight 
::::1.29 normal take-off weight 
|more performance=

|armament=*provision for conformal weapon storage

|avionics=*provision for mission radar in nose and ECM in tail radomes
}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="215" heights="150px">
File:Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut (S-37) in 2001.jpg
File:Russian Air Force, 01, Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut (49581076306).jpg
File:Sukhoi Su-35UB and Su-47 at MAKS-2003 airshow.jpg|Su-47 next to a Sukhoi Su-35UB at the [[MAKS (air show)|MAKS-2003]] air show.
File:Sukhoi Su-47 in formation, 2005.jpg|Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut in the lead, followed by a Su-27SKM (top) and a Su-30MKK (bottom).
</gallery>

==See also==

{{aircontent|
|related=
* [[Sukhoi Su-27]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-30]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-33]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-34]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-35]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-37]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-57]] / [[Sukhoi/HAL FGFA]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[KB SAT SR-10]]
* [[Grumman X-29]]
* [[Mikoyan Project 1.44]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book | last = Gordon| first = Yefim | title = Sukhoi S-37 and Mikoyan MFI: Russian Fifth-Generation Fighter Demonstrators – Red Star Vol. 1 | publisher = Midland Publishing| year = 2002 | isbn= 978-1-85780-120-0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Tayor | first = Michael J. H. | title = World Aircraft & Systems Directory | publisher = Brassey's | year= 1999 | location = Herndon, VA | pages = 78–79 }}

==External links==

* [http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/s37.htm S-37 Berkut at Fighter-Planes.com]

{{Sukhoi aircraft}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1990s Soviet and Russian experimental aircraft]]
[[Category:1990s Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of Russia]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1997]]
[[Category:Canard aircraft]]
[[Category:Forward-swept-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Relaxed-stability aircraft]]
[[Category:Sukhoi aircraft|Su-47]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]

Sukhoi Su-47 - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article