>JJMC89 bot III: Merging :Category:Indian women social workers to :Category:Social workers per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 3#Category:Male social workers

2021-07-31T18:32:23Z

Merging Category:Indian women social workers to Category:Social workers per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 3#Category:Male social workers

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudha Varghese
| image = The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Shri Award – 2006 to Sister Sudha Varghese, a courageous social activist, in New Delhi on March 20, 2006.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Sister Sudha Varghese receiving Padma Shri from the President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in 2006
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|09|05|df=Yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kottayam district]], Kerala, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[India]]
| other_names = Sister Sudha, Sudha didi
| known_for = Nari Gunjan schools, Prerna schools
| occupation = [[Social activist]]
}}
'''Sudha Varghese''', also known as '''Sister Sudha''', is a [[social worker]] and Catholic [[nun]]<ref>[[#Nolen2|Nolen: 10 December 2011]]</ref> in [[India]] who has devoted herself to the [[Musahar]], the [[Dalit]] of [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]], one of the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] and who are considered the "untouchables". She resides and works in Jamsaut, a village in [[Patna district]].<ref>[[#ICC|Indian Catholic Community]]</ref> She is sometimes called '''didi''', which means ''elder sister''.<ref>[[#Nolen4|Nolen: 2013]]</ref>

She is the chief executive officer of Nari Gunjan ("woman's voice"<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref>), a not-for-profit organisation that provides education, literacy, vocational training, healthcare, advocacy and life skills for Dalit girls and women in Bihar. Nari Gunjan has 50 facilities with an overall enrolment of 1500 girls.<ref>[[#Srivastava|Srivastava: 2006]]</ref>

Varghese has stated that she draws inspiration from [[B. R. Ambedkar]],<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> a Dalit who fought against the concept of [[untouchability]] and was one of the drafters of the [[Constitution of India]].

==Early life==
Varghese was born to a prosperous family in the [[Kottayam district]] of [[Kerala]] on 5 September 1944.<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> In 1965, she moved to Bihar to work for the poor with the Sisters of Notre Dame at the [[Notre Dame Academy, Patna|Notre Dame Academy]].<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref><ref>[[#Nolen3|Nolen: 2012]]</ref> She trained there for a few years, during which she learned English and [[Hindi]].<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> She resigned from her job as a teacher in the convent,<ref>[[#SSS|Shoshit Seva Sangh]]</ref> and in 1986 moved into a complex of mud and brick houses (''tola'') used by the [[Caste system in India|lowest castes]] in India, to educate the Musahar.<ref>[[#ICC|Indian Catholic Community]]</ref><ref>[[#Nolen3|Nolen: 2012]]</ref>

From that time, she built schools and a home,<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> and in 1989 obtained a [[law degree]] from a school in [[Bangalore]]<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> to "fight cases for women who have faced abuse",<ref>[[#Srivastava|Srivastava: 2006]]</ref> particularly cases of rape, sexual harassment, and violence against women.<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> She was also in a demonstration supporting the victim of the [[2012 Delhi gang rape case]].<ref>[[#TTOI|The Times of India: 2012]]</ref>

In her home, she convened a group of teenage girls, to whom she taught reading, writing, sewing, and embroidery.<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> Two years later, she opened five centres to teach girls "vocational training in nutrition, sanitation, and money management",<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> the first of the Nari Gunjan facilities for Musahar girls. These centres also teach nursing and preliminary medical assistance, and other skills that are economically valuable.<ref>[[#Patna|Patna: 2008]]</ref> She had obtained funding from her parents, siblings, and the community.<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> A [[UNICEF]] grant of a few thousand dollars allowed expansion to 50 centres.<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref>

She resided within the tola for 21 years.<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> She returned briefly to the convent after being threatened by the parents of the perpetrators of an attack against Musahar boys; the victims had filed a police report, in part because of her teaching the Musahar about their rights.<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref>

==Prerna schools==
{{Rquote|right|All their lives, they are told, 'You are the last. You are the least. You do not deserve to have.' They learn very fast to keep quiet, don't expect changes and don't ask for more.|Sudha Varghese|<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref>}}

In 2005 she moved to Patna, where she established a residential school named Prerna, a Hindi word meaning ''inspiration''. It was in a building described as "half public latrine and half water-buffalo shed"<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> in Lal Kothi, on the outskirts of [[Danapur]]. Restoration of the facility was made possible with government funding and volunteer donations and help. It opened in 2006.

It is an all-girls school designed to remove girls from farm labour to ensure they receive an education. Varghese also teaches about the [[Fundamental Rights in India|fundamental rights]] guaranteed to them by the constitution.<ref>[[#Nolen3|Nolen: 2012]]</ref> The Prerna Residential School for Mahadalit Girls has an enrolment of 125 girls.<ref>[[#Nolen3|Nolen: 2012]]</ref> There, girls are well fed and bathe daily.<ref>[[#Nolen4|Nolen: 2013]]</ref>

The intention was to teach the girls basic skills, and deliver their formal education at a nearby school. However, the teachers rarely showed at the school, and the children learned little in the first semester. Because of this, she raised funds to send a dozen of the girls to a nearby private school, $200 for each student. For the others, she cleared some space in the residential school, and hired a few unemployed university graduates to teach the girls.

After [[Nitish Kumar]] was elected [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of Bihar, he asked Varghese if she could replicate the success of her school.<ref>[[#Nolen3|Nolen: 2012]]</ref> She stated that she would try, and he allocated resources for her to open a school named Prerna 2 at a site in [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] that she had chosen. Despite construction and bureaucratic delays, the school eventually opened, and is now partially funded by Mahadalit Mission, a program operated by the [[Government of Bihar]].<ref>[[#Nolen2|Nolen: 10 December 2011]]</ref>

Each of the Prerna schools is non-denominational,<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> and includes calisthenics and art programs. The girls return home for [[Public holidays in India|public holidays]], such as [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]], some of whom never return because their parents want to [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|marry them]] before they become too old, despite [[Child marriage in India|legislation that outlaws such practices]].<ref>[[#Nolen4|Nolen: 2013]]</ref> Because of the long waiting list of girls to attend Prerna schools, the spots of the girls who do not return are filled quickly.

In addition to the standard curriculum, Prerna also teaches arts and dance, and hired a [[karate]] teacher. Varghese felt that karate would give the girls "more self-confidence, and also self-protection".<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref> The girls of Prerna Chhatravas became so proficient that they won five gold, five silver and 14 bronze medals at a competition in [[Gujarat]] in 2011, earning a trip to the Asian Junior Karate Championships in Japan,<ref>[[#Jah|Jah: 2011]]</ref> where they won seven trophies.<ref>[[#Nolen1|Nolen: 3 December 2011]]</ref>

==Awards==
In 2006, Varghese was the recipient of the [[Padma Shri]], a civilian honour awarded by the [[Government of India]].<ref>[[#Srivastava|Srivastava: 2006]]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Caste politics in India]]
*[[Padma Shri Awards (2000–2009)]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

===References===
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.iccvienna.org/sudha.asp|title=Reception to Padma Shri Sr. Sudha Varghese on Sunday 26th Nov. 2006|publisher=Indian Catholic Community of Vienna|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=ICC}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.sssfoundation.org/?page=projects|title=Projects|publisher=Shoshit Seva Sangh|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=SSS}}
*{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bihar-karate-kids-go-international/1/150367.html|title=Nitish gives eight Mahadalit girls chance of lifetime|last=Jah|first=Giridhar|date=7 September 2011|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Jah}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breaking-caste/remarkable-school-gives-girls-from-the-bottom-of-indias-caste-system-new-hope/article554373/|title=Remarkable school gives girls from the bottom of India's caste system new hope |last=Nolen|first=Stephanie|work=The Globe and Mail|date=3 December 2011|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Nolen1}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breaking-caste/you-can-unlock-the-potential-of-indias-most-oppressed-girls-but-where-are-they-going-to-use-it/article554374/|title=You can unlock the potential of India's most oppressed girls, but where are they going to use it?|last=Nolen|first=Stephanie|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=10 December 2011|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Nolen2}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breaking-caste/whats-better-than-a-miracle-school-for-untouchable-girls/article4244005/|title=What's better than a miracle school for 'untouchable' girls?|last=Nolen|first=Stephanie|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2012|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Nolen3}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breaking-caste/why-illegal-child-marriage-persists-among-the-dalits-in-india/article8993124/|title=Why illegal child marriage persists among the Dalits in India|last=Nolen|first=Stephanie|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=23 February 2013|ref=Nolen4}}
*{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Marginalised+girls+find+hope+in+Sudha/1/20392.html|title=Marginalised girls find hope in Sudha|last=Patna|first=Amitabh Srivastava |newspaper=[[India Today]]|publisher=[[Living Media]]|date=18 November 2008|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Patna}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/india_30936.html|title=Reaching out to India's poorest: Sister Sudha awarded government distinction|last=Srivastava|first=Anupam|publisher=[[UNICEF]]|date=6 February 2006|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=Srivastava}}
*{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/patna/35952456_1_justice-delivery-system-yogesh-chandra-verma-patna-district-bar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216064620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/patna/35952456_1_justice-delivery-system-yogesh-chandra-verma-patna-district-bar|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|title=Lawyers for prompt justice delivery system|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 December 2012|access-date=15 January 2013|ref=TTOI}}
{{refend}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varghese, Sudha}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Social workers]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Kottayam]]
[[Category:Indian nuns]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Social workers from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:20th-century women educators]]

Sudha Varghese - Revision history

>JJMC89 bot III: Merging :Category:Indian women social workers to :Category:Social workers per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 3#Category:Male social workers